1,720,975 research outputs found
Spatializing the carbon footprint calculation of an almond orchard through a geographic information system-based toolbox
No full textAs a carbon fixating activity, agriculture can offset CO2 emissions and should be assessed by calculating and monitoring the carbon footprint (CF) of the plant-soil-environment systems. The aim of this research is to develop a CF assessment tool for almond (Prunus dulcis) orchards. Validation was tested on a 3-year-old non-bearing commercial almond orchard with cultivar ‘Penta’ in central Spain. A carbon balance model (CBM) was adapted from the one previously developed in the framework of an EU Life project (ClimaTree), and was used with a Geographic Information System toolbox (i.e., ArcGIS). The CBM calculates the annual CF from the use of fossil fuels and electricity, fertilizers, and other agrochemicals, and then subtracting the CO2 removed from the atmosphere based on the production of fruit, generated wood and groundcover biomass, and the soil potential organic C storage. For the considered period (6 months), the results of the study showed a CF of – 3.74 t CO2 ha-1, which breaks down into a CO2 removal of 4.58 t CO2 ha-1 and a total emission associated with the cultivation of 0.84 t CO2 ha-1. The production of wood contributed the most to the CO2 removal (3.99 t CO2 ha-1, 87%), followed by the soil C storage (0.59 t CO2 ha-1, 13%). The highest CO2 emissions were associated with the use of pesticides (0.40 t CO2 ha-1, 49%), followed by fertilizers (0.29 t CO2 ha-1, 36%) and fossil fuels and electricity (0.13 t CO2 ha-1, 15%). Additionally, the use of a GIS-based model allowed evaluating the spatial variability of CF, which presented, a high homogeneity in terms of wood removal potential, whereas a heterogeneous pattern was observed for soil C storage and CF. In conclusion, the present GIS-based toolbox seems useful and user-friendly for calculating the CF, including their spatialisation. This application could help to precisely evaluate the impact of different cultivation management strategies in almond agro-ecosystems carbon balances
Irrigation water saving strategies in Citrus orchards: Analysis of the combined effects of timing and severity of soil water deficit
Get PDFThe knowledge of the crop response to soil water deficit is essential to predict the actual crop water requirements under limited soil water conditions. The mathematical schematization of the crop response under RDI can allow identifying the exact irrigation timing. The threshold of soil water status below which crop transpiration decreases represents a key parameter for the water stress functions. The main objective of this paper was to investigate the effects of several RDI treatments, applied during the three stages of fruit growth, on soil-plant-water relations of drip-irrigated mandarin trees. Experiments were carried out in seven irrigation treatments: a control, irrigated at 125% of potential evapotranspiration measured in weighting lysimeters, ETlys, during the whole year, and six RDI treatments in which 25% and 50% of ETlys were applied during each of the three stages of fruit growth. The critical threshold of soil water status expressed in terms of soil water depletion below which predawn (PLWP) and midday (MSWP) leaf water potential is affected by decreasing soil water content, were identified. The dependency of crop water status from the climate forcing, occurring under soil water contents higher than the critical threshold was also demonstrated. Moreover, a strong relationship between water stress integral (SMSWP) evaluated during the three stages of fruit growth, and the corresponding amount of water applied (irrigation and precipitation) was observed after normalizing the variables. The robust relationship between these two variables (R2 = 0.83) confirmed that the water stress integral represents a good indicator of the plant-water relationship and allows the prediction of the total irrigation depth to be applied to achieve a desired stress level during the fruit growth. Moreover, this relationship depends on the irrigation schedule adopted to regulate the deficit, which includes the irrigation variables, such as irrigation dose and its variability
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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