191 research outputs found
Characteristics of aerosol number concentrations over the ice-covered Okhotsk Sea
Get PDFAerosol number concentrations were observed in conjunction with in-situ meteorological parameters aboard the patrol vessel SOYA in February 2003 over the ice- covered Okhotsk Sea. The concentrations of particles with radii larger than 0.35 μm were close to the background level, while concentrations of particles less than 0.35 μm were close to the remote continental level. During the observation period, relatively higher and lower aerosol number concentrations (HA and LA) were observed, depending on synoptic weather conditions. Backward trajectory analyses revealed that for the HA period, the air mass in the study region traced back to the Sea of Japan; for the LA period, the air mass originated from the northern ice-covered area. This suggests that sea ice influences the aerosol number concentration by suppressing the amount of oceanic sea salt sup- plied to air masses. Using the observational data and an empirical formula, differences in surface solar radiation between the HA and LA periods were also examined
Multi-scale modeling of fatigue crack propagation applied to random sequence of clustered loading
No full textMedication Reminder Device for the Elderly Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment
Get PDFReminder devices reportedly improve medication adherence in the elderly patients with mild dementia; however, the efficacy of such devices remains unexplored. Therefore, a 3-month before and after study with convenience sampling was conducted to determine the efficacy of a medication reminder device used by 18 participants (aged 81.2 +/- 6.2 years) with Clinical Dementia Rating scores of 0.5 or 1. At the onset of device use, examiners visited the users\u27 homes to ensure that they and their caregivers understood how to use the device. Caregivers monitored its use during the first week. Values of the self-administration medication rate during 1 week for 13 (72.2%) users showed improvement at 3 months. This result revealed that reminder devices can improve medication adherence in the elderly patients with mild cognitive impairment. Further study is needed to assess the magnitude of this improvement and to enhance its support for users with mild cognitive impairment
The effect of sea-ice growth on air–sea CO2 flux in a tank experiment
Get PDFIn order to clarify the CO2 exchange between the seawater and the overlying air during the sea-ice formation, we have carried out tank experiments in a low-temperature room. CO2 concentration above the sea-ice began to increase since the beginning of the sea-ice formation, and increased at larger rates with time and the decrease in air temperature. This increase of CO2 concentration in air was mainly caused by the increase in dissolved inorganic carbon concentration in the brine of the upper part of sea-ice, changes in CO2 solubility and dissociation constants of carbonic acid. The CO2 flux increased logarithmically with time, and reached a level of 2 × 10-4 to 5 × 10-4 g-C m-2 hr-1 at 50 mm ice thickness. We found that the CO2 flux was correlated well with the salinity and negatively with the volume of the brine in the upper part of the sea-ice. These suggested the larger role of the difference in partial pressure of CO2 between brine and air as compared to that of competitive change in the brine volume. Present results suggest the necessity to examine the CO2 exchange between the seawater and air in seasonal sea-ice areas
Development of a Powered Hip Disarticulation Prosthesis with Swing Phase Controller(Mechanical Systems)
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