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The Role of Nutrients in a Dietary Intervention in Improving Blood Cholesterol Profile and Lowering Cardiovascular Risk
No full textLow-density lipoprotein cholesterol has been positively associated to an increase of cardiovascular risk by a
large number of epidemiological studies. On the contrary, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol results inversely related to
cardiovascular risk. In this contest plasma total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration, and the
total cholesterol - high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio seems to be able to predict cardiovascular risk. Diet and its
composition affects various plasma cholesterol concentration and their ratios. Particularly, a reduction of saturated fat
acids dietary intake is strictly related to both improve of blood lipid profile and reduction of cardiovascular events
incidence. On the other hand, the evidences from epidemiologic and clinical studies are consistent in finding that the
reduction of cardiovascular risk depends by nutrients used for replacing saturated fat acids. Specifically it has been
demonstrated that replacement of saturated fat acids with unsaturated fat acids, either monounsaturated or
polyunsaturated ones, is effective in improving cardiovascular risk. On the contrary, saturated fat acids replacement with
high glycemic index refined carbohydrate actually increases cardiovascular risk. Despite that, many dietary guidelines do
not give any tips about nutrients to use in replacement of saturated fat acids, underestimating the significance. In this
perspective Mediterranean diet, represents an attractive dietary pattern for the improvement of blood lipid profile and the
reduction of the cardiovascular risk
The pineal and circadian rhythms of temperature selection and locomotion in lizards
No full textThe existence of a circadian rhythm of behavioral temperature selection has been demonstrated in lizards (Podarcis sicula) held on a thermal gradient in constant darkness. This rhythm becomes temporarily abolished during 1 week following parietalectomy and 2-3 weeks following pinealectomy. Parietalectomy does not affect the locomotor rhythm, while pinealectomy invariably lengthens the freerunning period of this rhythm. These results support the contention of separate control systems for the temperature selection rhythm and the locomotor rhythm. As neither rhythm is definitively abolished by parietalectomy and pinealectomy, other pacemaking components exist elsewhere in the circadian system of Podarcis sicula which can control both rhythms
Pineal transplantation to the brain of pinealectomized lizards: Effects on circadian rhythms of locomotor activity
No full textSeasonal variations of pineal involvement in the circadian organization of the ruin lizard Podarcis sicula
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