1,721,003 research outputs found
The Interaction Between Forest Fires and Human Activity in Southern Switzerland
No full textThe impact of human activities on the fire regime in southern Switzerland was studied using (pre)historical charcoal and pollen data from lake sediments and statistical data from the 20th century. The cultural impact on forest fire was established by correlating charcoal-influx data with pollen percentages of anthropogenic indicators such as Plantago lanceolata, the Cerealia (sum of Avena t., Triticum t. and Hordeum t.) and Secale. During the 20th century, fire frequency was correlated with precipitation, dry and very dry periods and landscape management indicators. The effects of human activity on the fire regime are clearly recognisable since at least the Neolithic period. Using palaeoecological or statistical data, the variations in fire regime originating from anthropogenic actions may be differentiated from those due to climatic changes if they are sufficiently conspicuous
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Restitution of Mapuche lands : challenges and enabling conditions for adaptation to a changing context
No full textMapuche people are claiming rights to their ancestral territorial spaces, including the ownership of land and control over the territory, in order to exercise the right to set their development priorities and to have the natural resources to ensure their existence as a people. However, settlers and commercial companies have legal access to the same lands and, therefore, can develop the land by the means they consider best for their own interests. The state has supported unfair practices by providing subsidies and militarizing claimed spaces (e.g., using heavy weaponry, armoured vehicles, and tear gas). On top of this, Mapuche communities, like other Indigenous communities around the globe, are experiencing the impacts of climate change (e.g., drought and forest fires combined with the impacts of introduced forest plantations).
The main purpose of this study is to understand the process that Mapuche communities experience in their quest for land restitution in a constantly changing context. To accomplish this aim, I approached the issue through a specific research question: How do Mapuche people navigate the challenges and opportunities provided by a rapidly changing context to secure land restitution and their cultural survival?
An inductive qualitative case study approach was adopted, informed by Indigenous methodology and constructive grounded theory. Data-collection methods were tailored to respect Indigenous protocols, values, and beliefs important to the Mapuche communities.
I show that the different understandings of the land respond to an ontological conflict that affects the efforts of Mapuche communities to rebuild their ancestral territories. While navigating CONADI’s land restitution process, communities witness how settlers, seeing the land as a commodity, take advantage of the process and inflate land prices. When prices are too high, communities are asked to find alternative estates.
The lack of access to capital and knowledge to maintain the control of access gained through the CONADI makes tenure security insufficient to drive climate change mitigation. If the law does not bundle land restitution and financial support for the communities to establish living conditions and conserve or restore their native forests, it will be hard for communities to avoid subscribing to environmentally detrimental agreements.Forestry, Faculty ofGraduat
Forest bathing in Metro Vancouver, Canada : a randomized crossover study examining health outcomes and environmental and vegetation influences
No full textRapid urbanization in Metro Vancouver, Canada, is reducing access to greenspaces, which is associated with a growing disconnection from nature and exacerbating public health challenges, such as rising rates of non-communicable diseases and declining mental well-being. To address these challenges and a significant gap in Canadian research, this dissertation investigates the Japanese practice of forest bathing (shinrin-yoku), examining the associations between forest bathing and physiological and psychological health outcomes among Metro Vancouver adults, differences between guided and self-guided sessions, and the influence of sociodemographic, environmental, and vegetation factors.
This study employed a 2x4 randomized crossover design with a mixed-methods approach. A total of 106 volunteers participated in both guided and self-guided forest bathing sessions across four parks and four seasons. Each participant was randomly assigned to experience both intervention types, with sessions lasting 60 minutes. Data collection included physiological outcomes (heart rate, blood pressure), psychological outcomes (mood states, nature connectedness), qualitative reflections, environmental measurements (e.g., thermal comfort, light levels, sound levels), and vegetation surveys.
Results indicated consistent reductions in heart rate across both interventions. However, blood pressure responses varied significantly between the two interventions and individual analyses. Mood states improved, and nature connectedness increased, particularly among participants without prior forest bathing experience, who reported lower baseline nature connection. Environmental analyses revealed that higher plant diversity correlated with improved mood, whereas increased light levels were associated with mood disturbance. Seasonal variations influenced physiological responses, with winter sessions showing elevated cardiovascular reactivity compared to summer. The peri-urban forest with lower ambient sound levels was associated with greater mood improvements compared to urban forest settings, highlighting the importance of natural soundscapes.
This dissertation demonstrates significant associations between forest bathing and health outcomes in an urban context while also revealing important demographic and environmental moderators. The findings have implications for public health strategies, park management, and urban planning, particularly in diverse urban contexts. Practical applications include a trail assessment framework, an augmented reality mobile application, and the Silent Trails pilot project in Metro Vancouver Regional Parks.Forestry, Faculty ofGraduat
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