28 research outputs found
Neural correlates of processing valence and arousal in affective words
No full textPsychological frameworks conceptualize emotion along 2 dimensions, "valence" and "arousal." Arousal invokes a single axis of intensity increasing from neutral to maximally arousing. Valence can be described variously as a bipolar continuum, as independent positive and negative dimensions, or as hedonic value (distance from neutral). In this study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to characterize neural activity correlating with arousal and with distinct models of valence during presentation of affective word stimuli. Our results extend observations in the chemosensory domain suggesting a double dissociation in which subregions of orbitofrontal cortex process valence, whereas amygdala preferentially processes arousal. In addition, our data support the physiological validity of descriptions of valence along independent axes or as absolute distance from neutral but fail to support the validity of descriptions of valence along a bipolar continuum
Establishment of a UK-wide network to facilitate the acquisition of quality assured FDG-PET data for clinical trials in lymphoma
No full textBackground: Multicentre trials are required to determine how [fluorine-18]-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose-positron emission tomography imaging can guide cancer treatment. Consistency in quality control (QC), scan acquisition and reporting is mandatory for high-quality results, which are comparable across sites. Methods: A national positron emission tomography (PET) clinical trials network (CTN) has been set up with a 'core laboratory' to coordinate QC and interpret scans. The CTN is involved in trials in Hodgkin's lymphoma [Randomised Phase III trial to determine the role of FDG-PET Imaging in Clinical Stages IA/IIA Hodgkin's Disease (RAPID) and Randomised Phase III trial to assess response adapted therapy using FDG-PET imaging in patients with newly diagnosed, advanced Hodgkin lymphoma (RATHL)] and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma [Blinded evaluation of prognostic value of FDG-PET after 2 cycles of chemotherapy in diffuse large B-cell Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma, a sub-study of the R-CHOP-21 vs R-CHOP-14 trial (R-CHOP PET substudy)]. Approval to join requires scanner validation and agreement to follow a standard QC protocol. Scans are transferred to the core laboratory and reported centrally according to predetermined criteria. Results: The qualification procedure was carried out on 15 scanners. All scanners were able to demonstrate the necessary quantitative accuracy, and following modification of image reconstruction where necessary, scanners demonstrated comparable recovery coefficients (RCs) indicating similar performance. The average RC (±1 standard deviation) was 0.56 ± 0.095 for the 13-mm sphere. Reports from 444 of 473 (94%) patients in RAPID and 67 of 73 (92%) patients in RATHL were available for randomisation of therapy. Conclusions: The CTN has enabled consistent quality assured PET results to be obtained from multiple centres in time for clinical decision making. The results of trials will be significantly strengthened by this system. © The Author 2010. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society for Medical Oncology. All rights reserved
Author response: Neural computations underlying inverse reinforcement learning in the human brain
No full textEyewitness accounts of 'the Indies' in the Later Medieval West: reading, reception, and re-use (c. 1300-1500)
No full textDespite increased mercantile and missionary contact between the Latin West and India and China between the thirteenth and fifteenth centuries, scholars have often
noted that Western Europe's knowledge of India, as judged by geographical texts from the period, changed surprisingly little during this time. This thesis employs
some of the methodologies of reception studies in order to investigate the role played by first-hand travel accounts in the construction and change of concepts of the Indies
during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. It investigates in particular the reception in Italy, France and England of the information about the area known as
India or the 'three Indies' presented in the texts produced by two Italian travellers to the East: the Divisament dou monde of the Venetian merchant Marco Polo (c. 1298),
and the Relatio of the Franciscan missionary Odorico da Pordenone (1330).
The thesis falls into three distinct parts. In the first section, I contextualise the project with a broad survey of the Latin European ideas of India in the late thirteenth
and early fourteenth centuries and with an outline of the travellers' journeys and their contexts. The second part of the thesis provides a broad overview of the
circumstances of diffusion of the two travel accounts in England, France and Italy over the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, before conducting a detailed, manuscriptbased
investigation of the ways in which the two accounts of India were approached by their early readers. This investigation focuses principally upon the presentation
and possible modes of reception of the texts' geographical and ethnographic details and relies heavily on the evidence of presentation, paratext and the traces of reading
present in the physical texts of the accounts.
The third and final part of the thesis considers the evidence of the reception of elements from first-hand travel accounts in other textual and cartographic
productions. Proceeding on the basis of case studies, it demonstrates that first-hand accounts of 'the Indies' were used by the authors and compilers of cosmo graphical
texts in this period in a variety of ways. It suggests, however, that the manner and context of the deployment of elements from such accounts often tended to assimilate
these with, rather than distinguish them from, the writings of accepted authorities. This section also contrasts the way that details from travel accounts were re-used in
texts with the way the same information was handled in the composition of maps. Finally, by analysis of the ways eyewitness accounts of the Indies were re-used in
certain ambiguous and comic texts produced in this period, the thesis sheds light on an underexplored aspect of the reception both of eyewitness information and of the
genres in which it appeared. The appendices contain tables presenting information relative to the manuscripts discussed that support the arguments presented in section
two
The price of pain and the value of suffering
No full textEstimating the financial value of pain informs issues as diverse as the market price of analgesics, the cost-effectiveness of clinical treatments, compensation for injury, and the response to public hazards. Such costs are assumed to reflect a stable trade-off between relief of discomfort and money. Here, using an auction-based health market experiment, we show the price people pay for relief of pain is strongly determined by the local context of the market, determined either by recent intensities of pain, or their immediately disposable income, but not overall wealth. The absence of a stable valuation metric suggests that the dynamic behaviour of health markets is not predictable from the static behaviour of individuals. We conclude that the results follow the dynamics of habit formation models of economic theory, and as such, the study provides the first scientific basis for this type of preference modelling
Avaliação da ação citotóxica de cardenolídeos em células tumorais
No full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Florianópolis, 2015.Os cardenolídeos, tais como digoxina e oubaína, são conhecidos por sua eficácia no tratamento da insuficiência cardíaca congestiva e como fármacos antiarrítmicos. Recentemente, foram detectadas novas atividades farmacológicas para esses "antigos" fármacos. Tendo em vista o crescente interesse na pesquisa e desenvolvimento desta classe de compostos como potenciais quimioterápicos, frente a diversas linhagens celulares tumorais, o presente trabalho de tese objetivou avaliar os efeitos citotóxicos em células tumorais de três cardenolídeos (glucoevatromonosídeo, digitoxigenina monodigitoxosídeo e convalotoxina), previamente selecionados pela sua potente ação citotóxica. Inicialmente, eles foram avaliados em linhagens celulares tumorais de diferentes origens e todos demonstraram uma potente ação, em concentrações nanomolares, em todas as linhagens testadas, especialmente nas células de tumor de pulmão (A549). Essa linhagem tumoral foi então selecionada para a continuação dos experimentos para detectar o tipo de morte celular causada por esses três cardenolídeos. O glucoevatromonosídeo (GEV), composto mais promissor, também foi investigado em células U937 (linfoma histiolítico). Todos os três causaram bloqueio da fase G2/M, enquanto que a convalotoxina (CON) aumentou o número de células em subG0 do ciclo celular. O GEV foi capaz de inibir a expressão de importantes proteínas relacionadas ao ciclo celular, como ciclina B1 e p53 em A549. Ainda, esse composto causou bloqueio em subG0 em células U937, demonstrando um efeito dependente do tipo celular. O efeito de morte celular causado pelo GEV também foi tipo celular dependente, já que foi observada morte celular pela ação de caspases nas células U937 e independente da ação das caspases em células A549. A digitoxigenina monodigitoxosídeo não apresentou efeito significativo de morte celular em células A549. A CON aumentou o número de núcleos picnóticos e células Anexina-V positivas, configurando morte celular apoptótica. Alem disso, os três compostos foram capazes de inibir a migração e invasão celulares, em células A549, bem como de reduzir a expressão das proteínas: MMP2, MMP9 e FAK (proteína de adesão focal), que são essenciais no processo de metástase. Além disso, o GEV foi capaz de inibir a expressão de importantes cinases, geralmente super expressas em células tumorais. O conjunto desses dados sugere que estes compostos, especialmente o GEV, podem ser considerados candidatos promissores para o desenvolvimento de uma forma farmacêutica a ser usada no tratamento do câncer de pulmão.Abstract : Cardenolídeos such as ouabain and digoxin are known for their efficacy in treating congestive heart failure as antiarrhythmic drugs. Recently, new pharmacological activities have been found (antiviral and antitumor) to these "old" drugs. Given the growing interest in research and development of this group of compounds, as potential chemotherapeutic agents, this work aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic effects on tumor cells of three cardenolides (glucoevatromonoside, digitoxigenin monodigitoxoside and convallatoxin) previously selected for its potent cytotoxic action. Initially, they were screened in tumor cell lines of different origins and all of them showed potent action at nanomolar concentrations in all cell lines tested, particularly in lung tumor cells (A549). This cell line was then selected for further investigation to detect the kind of cell death caused by these three cardenolides. Glucoevatromonoside (GEV) was the most promising compound, and also investigated in U937 cells (histiocytic lymphoma). All these compounds block G2/M phase, whereas the convallatoxin increased the number of cells in subG0 phase. GEV was able to inhibit the expression of important proteins related to cell cycle, such as Cyclin B1 and p53. Beyond that, this compound caused cell cycle blockage in subG0 phase in U937 cells, demonstrating dependent cell type effect. The effect of cell death caused by GEV was also cell type dependent. In U937 cells, GEV showed a caspase dependent cell death while it is independent of caspase in A549 cells. Digitoxigenin monodigitoxoside did not show a significant percentage of cell death in A549 cells. Convallatoxin increased the number of pyknotic nuclei and Annexin-V positive cells, setting apoptotic cell death in A549 cells. Furthermore, the three compounds are capable of inhibiting cell migration and invasion in A549 cells as well as to reduce the expression of some proteins as MMP2, MMP9 and FAK (focal adhesion protein), which are essential in the process of metastasis. Moreover, GEV was able to inhibit the expression of important kinases, usually over expressed in tumor cells.. Taken together, these data suggest that these compounds, especially GEV can be considered promising candidates for the development of a pharmaceutical form to be used in the treatment of lung cancer
Nonhuman Primate Reaching with Multichannel Sensorimotor Cortex Electrophysiology
No full text<p><strong>General Description.</strong> This dataset consists of:</p>
<ol>
<li>The threshold crossing times of extracellularly and simultaneously recorded spikes, sorted into units (up to five, including a "hash" unit), along with sorted waveform snippets, and,</li>
<li>The x,y position of the fingertip of the reaching hand and the x,y position of reaching targets (both sampled at 250 Hz).</li>
</ol>
<p>The behavioral task was to make self-paced reaches to targets arranged in a grid (e.g. 8x8) without gaps or pre-movement delay intervals. One monkey reached with the right arm (recordings made in the left hemisphere); The other reached with the left arm (right hemisphere). In some sessions recordings were made from both M1 and S1 arrays (192 channels); in most sessions M1 recordings were made alone (96 channels).</p>
<p>Data from two primate subjects are included: 37 sessions from monkey 1 ("Indy", spanning about 10 months) and 10 sessions from monkey 2 ("Loco", spanning about 1 month), for a total of ~ 20,000 reaches and 6,500 reaches from monkeys 1 and 2, respectively.</p>
<p><strong>Possible uses. </strong>These data are ideal for training BCI decoders, in particular because they are not segmented into trials. We expect that the dataset will be valuable for researchers who wish to design improved models of sensorimotor cortical spiking or provide an equal footing for comparing different BCI decoders. Other uses could include analyses of the statistics of arm kinematics, spike noise-correlations or signal-correlations, or for exploring the stability or variability of extracellular recording over sessions.</p>
<p><strong>Variable names. </strong>Each file contains data in the following format. In the below, <em>n</em> refers to the number of recording channels, <em>u</em> refers to the number of sorted units, and <em>k</em> refers to the number of samples.</p>
<ul>
<li> chan_names - n x 1
<ul>
<li>A cell array of channel identifier strings, e.g. "<em>M1 001</em>".</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li> cursor_pos - k x 2
<ul>
<li>The position of the cursor in Cartesian coordinates (x, y), mm.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li> finger_pos - k x 3 <em>or </em>k x 6
<ul>
<li>The position of the working fingertip in Cartesian coordinates (z, -x, -y), as reported by the hand tracker in cm. Thus the cursor position is an affine transformation of fingertip position using the following matrix:<br>
<span class="math-tex"></span><br>
Note that for some sessions finger_pos includes the orientation of the sensor as well; the full state is thus: (z, -x, -y, azimuth, elevation, roll).</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li> target_pos - k x 2
<ul>
<li>The position of the target in Cartesian coordinates (x, y), mm.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li> t - k x 1
<ul>
<li>The timestamp corresponding to each sample of the cursor_pos, finger_pos, and target_pos, seconds.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li> spikes - n x u
<ul>
<li>A cell array of spike event vectors. Each element in the cell array is a vector of spike event timestamps, in seconds. The first unit (<em>u</em><sub>1</sub>) is the "unsorted" unit, meaning it contains the threshold crossings which remained after the spikes on that channel were sorted into other units (<em>u</em><sub>2</sub>, <em>u</em><sub>3</sub>, etc.) For some sessions spikes were sorted into up to 2 units (i.e. <em>u</em>=3); for others, 4 units (<em>u</em>=5).</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li> wf - n x u
<ul>
<li>A cell array of spike event waveform "snippets". Each element in the cell array is a matrix of spike event waveforms. Each waveform corresponds to a timestamp in "spikes". Waveform samples are in microvolts.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Videos. </strong>For some sessions, we recorded screencasts of the stimulus presentation display using a dedicated hardware video grabber. These screencasts are thus a faithful representation of the stimuli and feedback presented to the monkey and are available for the following sessions:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://youtu.be/bPkpdpm03z8">indy_20160921_01</a></li>
<li><a href="https://youtu.be/B02z6w4c3yk">indy_20160930_02</a></li>
<li><a href="https://youtu.be/S640zzIKJs8">indy_20160930_05</a></li>
<li><a href="https://youtu.be/tRoe84E0AzA">indy_20161005_06</a></li>
<li><a href="https://youtu.be/hNZlBa516jM">indy_20161006_02</a></li>
<li><a href="https://youtu.be/L6GKwI2u1Es">indy_20161007_02</a></li>
<li><a href="https://youtu.be/eV1joYU5vt0">indy_20161011_03</a></li>
<li><a href="https://youtu.be/4LM_gKt2cYg">indy_20161013_03</a></li>
<li><a href="https://youtu.be/GLGrKHgf-zw">indy_20161014_04</a></li>
<li><a href="https://youtu.be/6aPrv8HEPGQ">indy_20161017_02</a></li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Supplements. </strong>The raw broadband neural recordings that the spike trains in this dataset were extracted from are available for the following sessions:</p>
<ul>
<li>indy_20160622_01: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1488440">doi:10.5281/zenodo.1488440</a></li>
<li>indy_20160624_03: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1486147">doi:10.5281/zenodo.1486147</a></li>
<li>indy_20160627_01: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1484824">doi:10.5281/zenodo.1484824</a></li>
<li>indy_20160630_01: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1473703">doi:10.5281/zenodo.1473703</a></li>
<li>indy_20160915_01: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1467953">doi:10.5281/zenodo.1467953</a></li>
<li>indy_20160916_01: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1467050">doi:10.5281/zenodo.1467050</a></li>
<li>indy_20160921_01: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1451793">doi:10.5281/zenodo.1451793</a></li>
<li>indy_20160927_04: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1433942">doi:10.5281/zenodo.1433942</a></li>
<li>indy_20160927_06: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1432818">doi:10.5281/zenodo.1432818</a></li>
<li>indy_20160930_02: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1421880">doi:10.5281/zenodo.1421880</a></li>
<li>indy_20160930_05: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1421310">doi:10.5281/zenodo.1421310</a></li>
<li>indy_20161005_06: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1419774">doi:10.5281/zenodo.1419774</a></li>
<li>indy_20161006_02: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1419172">doi:10.5281/zenodo.1419172</a></li>
<li>indy_20161007_02: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1413592">doi:10.5281/zenodo.1413592</a></li>
<li>indy_20161011_03: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1412635">doi:10.5281/zenodo.1412635</a></li>
<li>indy_20161013_03: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1412094">doi:10.5281/zenodo.1412094</a></li>
<li>indy_20161014_04: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1411978">doi:10.5281/zenodo.1411978</a></li>
<li>indy_20161017_02: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1411882">doi:10.5281/zenodo.1411882</a></li>
<li>indy_20161024_03: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1411474">doi:10.5281/zenodo.1411474</a></li>
<li>indy_20161025_04: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1410423">doi:10.5281/zenodo.1410423</a></li>
<li>indy_20161026_03: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1321264">doi:10.5281/zenodo.1321264</a></li>
<li>indy_20161027_03: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1321256">doi:10.5281/zenodo.1321256</a></li>
<li>indy_20161206_02: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1303720">doi:10.5281/zenodo.1303720</a></li>
<li>indy_20161207_02: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1302866">doi:10.5281/zenodo.1302866</a></li>
<li>indy_20161212_02: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1302832">doi:10.5281/zenodo.1302832</a></li>
<li>indy_20161220_02: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1301045">doi:10.5281/zenodo.1301045</a></li>
<li>indy_20170123_02: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1167965">doi:10.5281/zenodo.1167965</a></li>
<li>indy_20170124_01: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1163026">doi:10.5281/zenodo.1163026</a></li>
<li>indy_20170127_03: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1161225">doi:10.5281/zenodo.1161225</a></li>
<li>indy_20170131_02: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.854733">doi:10.5281/zenodo.854733</a></li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Contact Information.</strong> We would be delighted to hear from you if you find this dataset valuable, especially if it leads to publication. Corresponding author: J. E. O'Doherty <[email protected]>.</p>
<p><strong>Publications making use of this dataset.</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>Makin, J. G., O'Doherty, J. E., Cardoso, M. M. B. & Sabes, P. N. (2018). Superior arm-movement decoding from cortex with a new, unsupervised-learning algorithm. <em>J Neural Eng</em> 15(2): 026010. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-2552/aa9e95">doi:10.1088/1741-2552/aa9e95</a> </li>
<li>Ahmadi, N., Constandinou, T. G., & Bouganis, C.-S. (2018). Spike Rate Estimation Using Bayesian Adaptive Kernel Smoother (BAKS) and Its Application to Brain Machine Interfaces. <em>2018 40th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)</em>, Honolulu, HI, USA, 2018, pp. 2547-2550. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/EMBC.2018.8512830">doi:10.1109/EMBC.2018.8512830</a></li>
<li>Balasubramanian, M., Ruiz, T., Cook, B., Bhattacharyya, S., Prabhat, Shrivastava, A. & Bouchard K. (2018). Optimizing the Union of Intersections LASSO (UoILASSO) and Vector Autoregressive (UoIVAR) Algorithms for Improved Statistical Estimation at Scale. <em>arXiv preprint <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1808.06992">arXiv:1808.06992</a></em></li>
<li>Ahmadi, N., Constandinou, T. G., & Bouganis, C.-S. (2019). Decoding Hand Kinematics from Local Field Potentials Using Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) Network. <em>arXiv preprint <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1901.00708">arXiv:1901.00708</a></em></li>
<li>Clark, D. G., Livezey, J. A., & Bouchard, K. E. (2019). Unsupervised Discovery of Temporal Structure in Noisy Data with Dynamical Components Analysis. <em>arXiv preprint <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.09944">arXiv:1905.09944</a></em></li>
<li>Shaikh, S., So, R., Sibindi, T., Libedinsky, C., & Basu, A. (2019). Towards Intelligent Intra-cortical BMI (i<sup>2</sup>BMI): Low-power Neuromorphic Decoders that outperform Kalman Filters. <em>bioRxiv preprint</em> 772988. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/772988">doi:10.1101/772988</a></li>
<li>Clark, D. G., Livezey, J. A., & Bouchard, K. E. (2019). <a href="https://papers.nips.cc/paper/9574-unsupervised-discovery-of-temporal-structure-in-noisy-data-with-dynamical-components-analysis">Unsupervised Discovery of Temporal Structure in Noisy Data with Dynamical Components Analysis.</a> <em>Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS) 32.</em></li>
<li>Keshtkaran, M. R., & Pandarinath, C. (2019). <a href="https://papers.nips.cc/paper/9722-enabling-hyperparameter-optimization-in-sequential-autoencoders-for-spiking-neural-data">Enabling hyperparameter optimization in sequential autoencoders for spiking neural data.</a> <em>Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS) 32.</em></li>
<li>Ahmadi, N., Constandinou, T. G., & Bouganis, C.-S. (2019). End-to-End Hand Kinematic Decoding from LFPs Using Temporal Convolutional Network. <em>2019 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS), </em>Nara, Japan, pp. 1-4. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/biocas.2019.8919131">doi:10.1109/biocas.2019.8919131</a></li>
<li>Bose, S. K., Acharya, J., & Basu, A. (2019). Is my Neural Network Neuromorphic? Taxonomy, Recent Trends and Future Directions in Neuromorphic Engineering. <em>2019 53rd Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers</em>, Pacific Grove, CA, USA, pp. 1522-1527. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEECONF44664.2019.9048891">doi:10.1109/IEEECONF44664.2019.9048891</a></li>
<li>Sachdeva, P. S., Bhattacharyya, S., & Bouchard, K. E. (2019). Sparse, Predictive, and Interpretable Functional Connectomics with UoILasso, <em>41st Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)</em>, Berlin, Germany, pp. 1965-1968. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/EMBC.2019.8856316">doi:10.1109/EMBC.2019.8856316</a></li>
<li>Sachdeva, P. S, Livezey, J. A, Dougherty, M. E., Gu, B.-M., Berke, J. D, & Bouchard, K. E. (2020). Accurate Inference in Parametric Models Reshapes Neuroscientific Interpretation and Improves Data-driven Discovery. <em>bioRxiv Preprint.</em> 2020.04.10.036244. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.10.036244">doi:10.1101/2020.04.10.036244</a></li>
<li>Ahmadi, N., Constandinou, T. G., Bouganis, C.-S. (2020). Inferring entire spiking activity from local field potentials with deep learning. <em>bioRxiv Preprint.</em> 2020.05.02.074104. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.02.074104">doi:10.1101/2020.05.02.074104</a></li>
<li>Ahmadi, N., Constandinou, T. G., Bouganis. C.-S. (2020). Impact of referencing scheme on decoding performance of LFP-based brain-machine interface. <em>bioRxiv Preprint. </em>2020.05.03.075218 <a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.03.075218">doi:10.1101/2020.05.03.075218</a></li>
</ol>This research was supported by the Congressionally Directed Medical Research Program (W81XWH-14-1-0510). JEO was supported by fellowship #2978 from the Paralyzed Veterans of America. JGM was supported by a fellowship from the Swartz Foundation
Tomato receptor flagellin-sensing 3 binds flgii-28 and activates the plant immune system
No full textThe publisher's final version this work can be found at https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nplants.2016.128. Deposited by openaccessbutton.org. We've taken reasonable steps to ensure this content doesn't violate copyright, however, if you think it does you can request a takedown by emailing [email protected]
Author Correction: Global increase of ozone-depleting chlorofluorocarbons from 2010 to 2020
No full textEstimates of European emissions of methyl chloroform using a Bayesian inversion method
No full textMethyl chloroform (MCF) is a man-made chlorinated solvent contributing to
the destruction of stratospheric ozone and is controlled under the "Montreal
Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer" and its amendments, which called for its phase-out in 1996 in developed countries and 2015 in
developing countries. Long-term, high-frequency observations of MCF carried
out at three European sites show a constant decline in the background mixing
ratios of MCF. However, we observe persistent non-negligible mixing ratio
enhancements of MCF in pollution episodes, suggesting unexpectedly high
ongoing emissions in Europe. In order to identify the source regions and to
give an estimate of the magnitude of such emissions, we have used a Bayesian
inversion method and a point source analysis, based on high-frequency
long-term observations at the three European sites.
The inversion identified southeastern France (SEF) as a region with
enhanced MCF emissions. This estimate was confirmed by the point source
analysis. We performed this analysis using an 11-year data set, from
January 2002 to December 2012. Overall, emissions estimated for the European
study domain decreased nearly exponentially from 1.1 Gg yr−1 in 2002 to
0.32 Gg yr−1 in 2012, of which the estimated emissions from the SEF
region accounted for 0.49 Gg yr−1 in 2002 and 0.20 Gg yr−1 in
2012. The European estimates are a significant fraction of the total
semi-hemisphere (30–90° N) emissions, contributing a minimum of 9.8% in
2004 and a maximum of 33.7% in 2011, of which on average 50% are from
the SEF region. On the global scale, the SEF region is thus responsible for
a minimum of 2.6% (in 2003) and a maximum of 10.3% (in 2009) of the
global MCF emissions
