68 research outputs found
GearUp : Ett utvecklingsprojekt för ökad framkomlighet
No full textDenna uppsats är ett examensarbete inom ämnet Biomekanik. Studenterna Ingrid Bertilsson och Viktor Larsson har utfört ett utvecklingsprojekt i samarbete med Hälsoteknikcentrum Halland (HCH). Projektet har med en användarcentrerad utvecklingsprocess arbetat fram en funktions prototyp av ett växlat rullstolshjul och en reglerande lösning. Funktionsprototypen har också möjliggjort tester. Denna prototyp är utvecklad för att avhjälpa de rullstolsburnas problem med lutande plan och svårmanövrerad terräng. I och med en workshop med användare togs problematiken med lutande plan och svårmanövrerade terräng upp som de största hindren. Projektgruppen arbetade fram koncept och dessa utvärderades i samarbete med brukare, arbetsterapeuter och hjälpmedelstekniker för att kunna få en så bra och komplett lösning som möjligt. Under konstruktionsarbetet har hänsyn tagits till användarvänlighet, medicintekniska föreskrifter och krav för att möjliggöra CE-märkning av produkten Resultatet är ett rullstolshjul med ett integrerat planetväxlat nav samt ett intuitivt och användarvänligt reglage. Utformning och funktion av reglaget kommer inte att beröras i denna rapport på grund av sekretess. Navväxeln baseras på cykelnavet SRAM I3-motions konstruktion, men har modifierats för att passa rullstolens drivning. De navväxlade hjulen har monterades på rullstolen Panthera S2 och möjliggjorde tester i backe med lutning på 8,5 %. Testerna gav en indikation på att ett växlat rullstolshjul kan minska ansträngningen för en rullstolsburen person vid klättring i backar. Förslag på slutgiltig konstruktion av nav och reglage har arbetats fram. Produkten behöver vidare utveckling och testas ytterligare innan produkten kan läggas i produktion.This paper is a Bachelor thesis in Biomechanics. The students Ingrid Bertilsson and Viktor Larsson have performed a development project in cooperation with Hälsoteknikcentrum Halland (HCH). With a user-centered development process has a functional prototype of a geared wheelchair wheel with a regulatory solution been developed. The function prototype has been tested. This prototype was developed to reduce the problems for wheelchair users with inclines and arduous terrain. A workshop with users clarified these problems and the users requested a product reducing the strain in these environment. The project elaborate concepts and these were evaluated in collaboration with users, therapists and assistive technologies to create the best and complete solution as possible. During the development process the project has regarded user friendliness, medical regulations and requirements to enable CE marking of the products. The result was a wheelchair wheel with an integrated planetary gear hub, and an intuitive and userfriendly control device. The function and design of the control device will not be affected in this report due to confidentiality. The gear hubs construction repose on the bicycle hub SRAM i3-motion design, but was modified to suit the sector of application for wheelchair. The gear hubs wheels are set up on the wheelchair Panthera S2 and enabled testing in an incline of 8.5 %. The tests indicated that geared wheelchair wheel can reduce strain for a wheelchair user, when climbing hills. Proposals for final design of the hubs and control device have been developed. The product needs further development and further testing before it can be added in production
Carved footprints and prehistoric beliefs: Examples of symbol and myth practice and ideology
No full textFootprints are an image type often represented on prehistoric petroglyphs. The author made a first study of its design, sprawl, dating and interpretation in the archaeological source material as part of a further investigation of this theme (Bertilsson 2013). Case studies of signi4cant rock art sites in Sweden, Norway, Italy and Israel showed that the footprint is quite a general phenomenon, occurring in all these areas during the time period starting c. 3000 BC and continuing until at least 500 BC. The earliest dating applies to Har Karkom in Israel, and the youngest, Zurla in Valcamonica in Italy. The widespread occurrence of the symbol on the prehistoric rock pictures means that it must be perceived as a pictogram or an archetypal symbol (Anati 1993, Fredell 2003: 9). The footprints have been interpreted in di6erent ways; as the epitome of an otherwise invisible deity, a sign of reverence or as a symbol of a dead person (Almgren 1962, Anati 1994, Gavaldo 2009) (for a series of further proposals for interpretation of footprints see Coles 2005: 52)
Carved Footprints and Prehistoric Beliefs: Examples of Symbol and Myth Practice and Ideology
No full textFootprints are an image type often represented on prehistoric petroglyphs. The author made a first study of its design, sprawl, dating and interpretation in the archaeological source material as part of a fur- ther investigation of this theme (Bertilsson 2013). Case studies of significant rock art sites in Sweden, Norway, Italy and Israel showed that the footprint is quite a general phenomenon, occurring in all these areas during the time period starting c. 3000 BC and continuing until at least 500 BC. The earliest dating applies to Har Karkom in Israel, and the youngest, Zurla in Valcamonica in Italy. The widespread occur- rence of the symbol on the prehistoric rock pictures means that it must be perceived as a pictogram or an archetypal symbol (Anati 1993, Fredell 2003: 9). The footprints have been interpreted in different ways; as the epitome of an otherwise invisible deity, a sign of reverence or as a symbol of a dead person (Almgren 1962, Anati 1994, Gavaldo 2009) (for a series of further proposals for interpretation of footprints see Coles 2005: 52)
Nämforsen – A Northern Rock Art Metropolis with Southern pretences
No full textIn this article, the focus is on the rock carvings at Nämforsen, and the comprehensive study they have been subjected to over the past half-century. This applies to the documentation, dating and interpretation of the carvings and also to the surrounding archaeological context. Hallström’s starting point has been that the Northern Tradition masterpiece carvings were heavily influenced by the Southern Tradition, a view he later modified. Although other researchers have pointed to certain similarities to the Southern Tradition, the notion that the carvings belong to the Stone Age and are completely characterised by the northern hunting and trapping cultures has become very firmly established. One difficulty in this reasoning is that the two neighbouring settlements, Ställverket and Råinget, had their most intensive settlement during the Bronze Age i.e. after the period carvings are considered to have occurred. Another problem is apparent in the lack of bones of elk, and instead finds of bones of fish that indicate their food did not come from the animals they depicted the most. The author incorporates the numerous coastal burial cairns from the Bronze Age in the analysis and believes that, because they are to a large extent simultaneous with these settlements, they may also have a connection to the carvings. For these, he highlights a special type of manned ships that seem to occur at ‘strategic’ locations on the rocks. Moreover, bronze casting was done at Råinget. A possible explanation for these phenomena is the advancing Bell Beaker culture that also left its mark in the form of a very typical flint arrowhead at the Ställverket settlement. This shows that the area was drawn into a growing network of trade and exchange in the Bronze Age. Key words
Moved by my body
No full textObjectives: Young adults with autism have a different way to develop in body and movement. Do the experiences of body and movement consist with physiotherapeutic findings, in order to guide understanding and interventions?Method: The study involved eleven participants with autism, 16-22 years old, who told about their experiences. They were also examined concerning motor proficiency with Bruininks Ozeretskys test version 2 (BOT2), and concerning body awareness ability with Body Awareness Scale Movement Quality and Experience (BAS MQ-E). Results: Everyday experiences of body and movement were reported by the participants. Their ability to build a body self was reported as well as observed. Physiotherapeutic findings were illustrated by quotations from the participants. Discussion: Movement quality seems to have more impact on how the participants feel in everyday life than movement quantity has. Conclusions: There is a need for a better understanding of bodily resources in young adults with autism. The need for bodily interventions is underlined
Understanding one’s body and movements - from the perspective of young adults with autism
No full textBackground: There are but a few studies of how persons with autism perceive and experience their bodies and movements. Having autism may mean difficulty with verbalizing these experiences. Difficulties in perceiving the surrounding world along with disturbed motor coordination and executive functions may affect physical and psychological development. Exploring possibilities to capture the experiences of body and movements with physiotherapeutic assessments appears as important in order to administer appropriate interventions. Purpose: The purpose was to explore the experiences of body and movements in young adults with autism from a first-hand account, and how two physiotherapeutic instruments may capture these experiences.Methods: Eleven young adults (16-22 years) with autism were interviewed and assessed using Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOT2) and Body Awareness Scale Movement Quality and Experience (BAS MQ-E). Following a mixed-methods design, the interviews were deductively analyzed and conceptually integrated to the results of the two assessments. Results: Development of a bodily self-consciousness is hindered in persons with autism. A key finding was that an inactive movement center led to coordination and breathing difficulties. Experiencing conflicting feelings about their bodies/movements, led to low understanding of themselves. Positive experiences and better movement quality related to having access to more functional daily strategies. The combined assessments captured these experiences relatively well, presenting both movement quality and quantity.Conclusion: Combining motor proficiency and body awareness assessments was optimal to understand the participants’ experiences. The assessments gave good information about the experiences, i.e. describing the experiences of the participants. Future work needs to investigate the validity of the body awareness instrument and also to investigate the effects of body awareness interventions to persons with autism.Implications: To capture body and movement functions in persons with autism in this standardized manner is a way to describe body and movements for a group that may have difficulties verbalizing their experiences. In the physiotherapeutic clinic this will lead to improved and reliable diagnoses and administering tailored interventions. For the persons with autism this may lead to increased body awareness and activity, and enhanced quality of life
First-hand experiences of body and movements in autism
Get PDFAims:To explore young adults´ own experiences about body and movements.Method: Eleven young adults (15-22 years) with autism were interviewed face-to-face, with picture support available.Results:The results are preliminary, pointing towards the importance of assessing movement quality in persons with autism
Movement quality and body awareness in autism- experiences, assessment, and intervention
Get PDFAutistic persons often have difficulties with social interaction and communication. Sensory impressions are often processed differently than in neurotypicals. The person may be negatively affected bodily, e.g., being unstable or having reduced body awareness. The body awareness may be observed as an expression in movement quality. However, there is a lack of knowledge about experiences, assessment and interventions of problems with movement quality and body awareness in autistic persons. The aim of this thesis was to describe experiences of movement quality in autism, to investigate measurement properties of a movement quality assessment, and to study possible effects of a body awareness intervention in autistic young adults.In a mixed-method study, Paper I explored the experiences of body and movements in autistic persons through individual interviews. The participants (n=11) were assessed with two physiotherapeutic instruments: the Body Awareness Scale Movement Quality and Experiences (BAS MQ-E) and Bruininks-Oseretsky’s test of motor proficiency (BOT2). Several problems were described, but the participants themselves did not understand that the problems were not a normal condition. The physiotherapeutic instruments could capture the experiences. In a phenomenological study, Paper II described physiotherapists’ experiences about movement quality in autism (n=10). They confirmed that movement problems often go unrecognized. The general structure of the movement pattern was described as fragmented, restrained and hesitant. Using Rasch analysis, in Paper III measurement properties of the BAS MQ in autistic persons (autism group n=108; reference group n=32) were investigated. BAS MQ was found to acceptably measure movement quality in autism, though improvements were possible. In a pragmatic RCT, Paper IV evaluated effects of Basic Body Awareness Therapy (BBAT) in autistic persons. The intervention group (n=28) received 12 individual therapy sessions with BBAT and treatment-as-usual (TAU; e.g., psychoeducation or working with structure in everyday life), whilst the control group (n=29) received TAU only. The primary outcome was measures of an individually experienced movement quality problem, as scored on a numeric rating scale. The secondary outcome was BAS MQ measures. The statistically significant results were in favor of the intervention group in both outcomes (p<0.001).In conclusion, autistic persons experience several problems with body and movements, also described by physiotherapists. The problems often go subjectively unrecognized, creating difficulty in understanding oneself. By assessing their movement quality and body awareness with BAS MQ-E, autistic persons that may benefit from BBAT may be identified, and an intervention may be provided to enhance bodily resources and to achieve a better understanding of oneself in everyday life
Joakim Goldhahn, Ingrid Fuglestvedt and Andrew Jones (eds): Changing Pictures: Rock Art Traditions and visions in Northern Europe
No full textThe potentiality of vegan diet to reduce cholesterol-levels in people with type 2-diabetes
No full textSahlgrenska Academy
at University of Gothenburg
Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition
Abstract
Title: The potentiality of vegan diet to reduce cholesterol-levels in people with type 2-diabetes
Author: Agnes Nilsson, Lisa Bertilsson
Supervisor: Frode Slinde
Examiner: Mette Axelsen
Programme: Programme in dietetics, 180/240 ECTS Type of paper: Bachelor’s thesis in clinical nutrition, 15 hp
Date: April 09, 2015
Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a widespread disease and generate high cost for the Swedish society every year. Many of the patients with CVD suffer from diabetes mellitus type 2. High levels of total- and LDL-cholesterol is one of the risk factors for CVD. High amount of saturated fat can cause high level of cholesterol. Vegan diet is usally a diet low in saturated fat and might be a diet that potentially can reduce the cholesterol-level.
Objective: To examine the scientific evidence whether a vegan diet can reduce total- and LDL-cholesterol (risk factor for CVD) in people with type 2 diabetes. This systematic review will investigate if vegan diet can improve the cholesterol level for persons with type 2 diabetes.
Search strategy: The databases PubMed and Scopus were used for literature search. The searchwords: vegan, plant-based, cholesterol, LDL, blood lipid and diabetes were used in three combinations in PubMed and two combinations in Scopus.
Selection criteria: Inclusion criteria were: adults with type 2 diabetes, vegan diet, RCT-studies, cohort-studies, studies based on humans and studies written in Swedish or English. Only measurements of total- and LDL-cholesterol were evaluated. Exclusion criteria applied were: vegetarian diets or diets with animal products. Studies shorter than two weeks were excluded.
Data collection and analysis: Four articles were selected based on the evaluation criteria. Only three were analysed, since two of the articles were based on the same study but with different follow–up time. The quality of the studies was critically examined through the SBU model ”Mall för kvalitetsgranskning av randomiserade studier”. Total- and LDL-cholesterol measurements were graded through ”Evidensgradering hjälpmedel 2015”, which is based on GRADE but is designed by the university of Gothenburg.
Main results: Two of the studies were graded as low quality and the other one was graded as middle-high to high quality. The total strength of evidence in the total- and LDL-cholesterol measurements was low respectively very low. The examed studies didn’t show any significant difference in the reduction of total- and LDL-cholesterol between the diet groups in each study, but the vegan diet showed a reduction in total cholesterol in all three of the studies and a reduction in LDL-cholesterol in one of the studies.
Conclusions: There is very low evidence (+) that vegan diet can not reduce LDL-cholesterol more than low-fat diets and/or ADA-diets in people with type 2 diabetes. There is low evidence (++) that vegan diet can not reduce total cholesterol more than low-fat diets, ADA-diets or diet based on animal protein in people with diabetes type 2 diabetes. The scientific foundation is incomplete to say anything about the effects of the vegan diet.Sahlgrenska Akademin vid Göteborgs universitet Avdelningen för invärtesmedicin och klinisk nutrition
Sammanfattning
Titel: Vegankostens potential att sänka kolesterolvärdet hos personer med diabetes mellitus typ 2
Författare: Agnes Nilsson, Lisa Bertilsson
Handledare: Frode Slinde
Examinator: Mette Axelsen
Linje: Dietistprogrammet, 180/240 hp
Typ av arbete: Självständigt arbete i klinisk nutrition, 15 hp
Datum: 2015-04-09
Bakgrund: Hjärt- och kärlsjukdom är en folksjukdom och utgör en stor kostnad för det svenska samhället varje år. Många som drabbas av hjärt- och kärlsjukdom har diabetes mellitus typ 2. En av riskfaktorerna för att drabbas av hjärt- och kärlsjukdom är höga total- och LDL-kolesterolvärden. Högt intag av mättat fett kan höja kolesterolvärdet. Vegankost innehåller vanligtvis låga halter av mättat fett och skulle därför potentiellt kunna sänka kolesterolhalten i blodet.
Syfte: Att granska det vetenskapliga underlaget för att ta reda på om en vegankost kan reducera en riskfaktor (total- och LDL-kolesterol) för hjärt- och kärlsjukdom hos personer med typ 2 diabetes. Denna översiktsartikel ska undersöka om vegankost kan förbättra kolesterolvärdet hos personer med typ 2 diabetes mer än de koster som rekommenderas vid behandling av diabetes idag.
Sökväg: Databaserna PubMed och Scopus användes som sökvägar till denna systematiska översiktsartikel. Sökord som användes i tre olika kombinationer i PubMed och två olika kombinationer i Scopus var: vegan, plant-based, cholesterol, LDL, blood lipid och diabetes.
Urvalskriterier: Vuxna deltagare med diabetes mellitus typ 2. Vegankost som interventionskost. Endast RCT-studier, kohortstudier, humanstudier och studier skrivna på engelska eller svenska inkluderades. Effektmått som inkluderades var total- och LDL-kolesterol. Vegetarisk kost eller en kost med en mindre andel animaliska produkter exkluderades. Studier som pågick under två veckor eller mindre exkluderades.
Datainsamling och analys: Fyra artiklar föll inom evalueringskriterierna men bara tre analyserades och kvalitetsgranskades med hjälp av SBU:s ”Mall för kvalitetsgranskning av randomiserade studier”. Detta för att två artiklar baserades på samma studie, fast med olika uppföljningstider. Effektmåtten total- och LDL-kolesterol graderades med hjälp av ”Evidensgradering hjälpmedel 2015”, som baseras på GRADE men är utformat av Göteborgs universitet.
Resultat: Två av studierna värderades till låg studiekvalitet och en studie värderades till medelhög till hög studiekvalitet. Den sammanlagda evidensstyrkan för effektmåtten total- och LDL-kolesterol bedömdes vara låg respektive mycket låg. Vegankosten har i alla studierna en sänkande effekt på totalkolesterolet och i en studie en sänkande effekt på LDL-kolesterolet. Det sågs ingen signifikant skillnad av sänkning på LDL- och totalkolesterol mellan vegangrupp och kontrollgrupp i varje enskild studie.
Slutsats: Det saknas vetenskapligt underlag för att bedöma effekten av vegankost jämfört med kontrollkost på LDL-kolesterol hos personer med typ 2 diabetes (mycket låg evidens, +). Det tycks inte finnas någon fördelaktig effekt av vegankost jämfört med kontrollkost på totalkolesterol hos personer med typ 2 diabetes (låg evidens, ++). Det vetenskapliga underlaget är otillräckligt för att uttala sig om vegankostens effekter
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