1,721,086 research outputs found
Solitary congenital neurofibroma with overlying melanocytic hyperplasia
No full textThe common embryonic origin of neuroid and melanocytic cells justifies the simultaneous presence of the two cell types in the same neoformation (3). Neurofibroma (NF) can be solitary, diffuse when it has a large extension, and plexiform when it appears as a collection of multiple nodules and cordoniform structures. 10% of diffuse NFs and almost all plexiform NFs are associated with neurofibromatosis (1, 2). Then there is the so-called pigmented or melanotic NF, in which a part of the cells making up the neoplasm is loaded with melanin; this finding is present exclusively in syndromic NF, ie associated with neurofibromatosis. Thus, screening for neurofibromatosis is warranted in the case of plexiform, diffuse, multi-element and melanotic NF (4). In 28% of syndromic NFs and in 4.6% of sporadic NFs there is also a proliferation of epidermal melanocytes, most often in the form of lentiginous melanocytic hyperplasia, but exceptionally in the form of junctional nevus (4). Before assuming that melanocytic hyperplasia is related to NF, it must be considered that melanocytic hyperplasia is also found in café au lait spots and therefore we could face a café au lait spot superimposed on the NF; this hypothesis should be discarded since lentiginous hyperplasia is also found in sporadic NF and because in any case the histological finding does not always correspond to a clinically evident hyperpigmentation. A casual collision between two different pathologies could also be hypothesized, but this hypothesis is discarded because the limits of melanocytic hyperplasia coincide perfectly with those of the underlying NF (4)
Lymphomatoid papulosis in a 2-year-old child
Full text linkLymphomatoid papulosis (LP) is a primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (6) characterized by clinical benignity despite its malignant histological appearance.
Its incidence is 1.2-1.9/1,000,000; it is even rarer in the child (2). Its characteristic self-healing tendency has been attributed to the CD30 receptor glycoprotein which belongs to the superfamily of tumor necrosis factor and, interacting with its ligand, regulates cell survival and apoptosis (2, 7). However, the observation of the same self-healing clinical behavior in forms of LP characterized by the scarcity or absence of CD30+ cells clashes against this hypothesis.
The most important problems of LP are the differential diagnosis from other benign and malignant disorders and the possible association with other malignancies. As regards the differential diagnosis, in the cases with one or a few nodules that arise in the hot period insect bites must be considered: the latter are symptomatic and rapidly reach their maximum size, unlike the nodules of LP that continue to grow for a couple of weeks. In forms with many elements, LP must be differentiated from pityriasis lichenoides, in which the elements are more numerous and smaller. The most difficult differential diagnosis is with CD30+ primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma which has an identical histological picture, but whose nodules are less numerous, larger and above all do not regress spontaneously.
As for the possible association of LP with other malignancies, especially lymphomas, it must be remembered that the latter arise in about 15% of cases in the first 5 years of follow-up; however, the percentage does not increase significantly in the following 5 years and does not exceed 20% after 25 years follow-up. In adults, the most frequent malignancy is mycosis fungoides (3).
LP in the child does not differ from the adult form either clinically or histologically. Available data suggest that in children LP has a more indolent course, regresses more easily and is less frequently associated with malignancy (1). In a report on 35 patients with an average follow-up of 9 years the risk was 8.6% (4); in a recent meta-analysis of 251 children with LP (5) the incidence of lymphomas was 5.6%. However, the most frequent lymphoma in children is the primary cutaneous lymphoma with CD30+ large anaplastic cells. Lymphoma can arise before, during or after LP. The chance of developing extracutaneous lymphoma is greater in patients who have multifocal skin lesions.
The actual case was presented for its early onset and to underline the better prognosis of LP in the pediatric age
Fibrolipomatous hamartoma of the thoracic skin
No full textFibrolipomatous hamartoma (FLH) is a benign proliferation characterized by the presence in the deep dermis of mature adipose tissue lobules separated by bundles of fibrous tissue. The variant best known to internists, neurologists and radiologists is the perineural FLH, which is localized around nerves, most frequently the median nerve, followed by the ulnar and sciatic (5). The variant best known to dermatologists and pediatricians is the precalcaneal FLH, which is evident from the earliest stages of life with a medial precalcaneal swelling of parenchymatous consistency and of little clinical importance. It tends to regress spontaneously, but even when it does not regress, it does not hinder walking (4). Rarer variants of FLH can affect the respiratory tree, localizing to the nasopharynx (3), the bronchi (1), or the lung (7).
Although the most frequently affected skin site is the medial precalcaneal one, FLHs localized always in the calcaneal area, but posteriorly, have been described (6). Both in the latter and in the more frequent one located in the classical site, the most accredited pathogenetic hypothesis is a failure to regress of the pericalcaneal, fetal life adipose tissue. However, this hypothesis does not explain the location to the trunk of the current case.
From a diagnostic point of view, when FLH is localized in the classical site, the diagnosis is clinical and a biopsy is not necessary. In cases located elsewhere, ultrasound is useful, showing hypoechoic lobules of the same echogenicity as the adipose tissue, separated and surrounded by hyperechoic bands that correspond to the dermal connective tissue (2).
The benignity of the lesion, the absence of functional damage, the lack of esthetic damage, and the tendency to spontaneous regression make any therapy useless, once the diagnosis has been ascertained
TGFβ1-Smad canonical and -Erk noncanonical pathways participate in interleukin-17-induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition in Sjögren’s syndrome
Full text linkInterleukin-17 (IL-17) is a pleiotropic cytokine that plays a primary role in triggering epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in many chronic inflammatory diseases. EMT plays a critical role in the progression of salivary gland (SG) fibrosis in primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS). This study focused on the activation of the canonical TGF-β1/Smad2/3 and noncanonical TGF-β1/Erk1/2 pathways in IL-17-dependent TGFβ1-induced EMT in human SG epithelial cells (SGEC) derived from healthy subjects. The expression of phosphorylated Smad2/3 and Erk1/2 during IL-17 treatment-stimulated EMT was evaluated in healthy SGEC. Cotreatment with IL-17 and specific TGFβ receptor type I kinase inhibitor SB431542, or Erk 1/2 inhibitor U0126, abrogates the corresponding morphological changes and EMT phenotypic markers expression in healthy SGEC. Interestingly, inhibition of canonical TGFβ1/Smad2/3 signal transduction had no effect on activation of the noncanonical TGFβ1/Erk1/2/EMT pathway, suggesting that the two pathways act independently in activating IL-17-dependent EMT in SGEC
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The Rarity in the Rarity: Presentation of Three Cases of Cutaneous Carcinosarcoma with Clinical and Histopathological Insights
Full text linkfirst_page settings Order Article Reprints Open AccessCase Report The Rarity in the Rarity: Presentation of Three Cases of Cutaneous Carcinosarcoma with Clinical and Histopathological Insights by Gerardo Cazzato 1,* [ORCID] , Anna Colagrande 1 [ORCID] , Valentina Caputo 2 [ORCID] , Giuseppe Ingravallo 1 [ORCID] , Eliano Cascardi 1 [ORCID] , Francesco Fortarezza 3 [ORCID] , Emanuela Bonoldi 2 and Franco Rongioletti 4 [ORCID] 1 Section of Molecular Pathology, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy 2 U.O. Anatomia Patologica, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20162 Milan, Italy 3 Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, University Hospital of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy 4 Dermatology Clinic, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Dermatopathology 2024, 11(3), 209-217; https://doi.org/10.3390/dermatopathology11030022 Submission received: 31 May 2024 / Revised: 10 July 2024 / Accepted: 12 July 2024 / Published: 15 July 2024 Download keyboard_arrow_down Browse Figures Review Reports Versions Notes Abstract A cutaneous carcinosarcoma (cCS) is a rare and aggressive skin cancer characterized by both carcinomatous (epithelial) and sarcomatous (mesenchymal) components, making it a biphasic tumor. Despite its occurrence in various organs, a cCS is exceptionally rare in the skin, predominantly affecting older males. The etiology of a cCS is unclear, but it may originate from a single progenitor cell capable of dual differentiation or from a collision of carcinoma and sarcoma cells. Clinically, a cCS presents as a rapidly growing, painful, ulcerated nodule or plaque on sun-exposed skin, with a high risk of local invasion and metastasis. Histopathologically, a cCS includes various epithelial components, such as squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma, along with undifferentiated sarcomatous components resembling atypical fibroxanthoma. The tumor may also exhibit heterologous differentiation like angiosarcomatous or rhabdomyosarcomatous features. We present three cases of a cCS, highlighting their clinical and histological characteristics and comparing them with previously reported cases. Understanding a cCS is complicated by its rarity and diverse presentation, emphasizing the need for further research to elucidate its pathogenesis and optimal management
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