150 research outputs found
SemSorGrid4Env Architecture
No full textThis document specifies, designs, and validates the Semantic Sensor Grid Rapid Application Development for Environmental Management (SemSorGrid4Env) software architecture. The architecture enables the publication and querying of both stored (e.g. database) and streaming (e.g. sensor) data to support the rapid development of applications for environmental monitoring. Significant benefits are provided by the use of semantic technology for service discovery and data integration. The infrastructural backbone of the architecture is provided by four service-oriented services: Stored Data Service for the publication of databases, Streaming Data Service for the publication of sensor data, Registration and Discovery Service to enable resources to found, and Integration and Querying Service to enable multiple data sources to be accessed through a single model. These services will be supplemented with application domain specific services which may offer RESTful interfaces
Integrating Knowledge Bases into SDI’s
No full textSpatial Data Infrastructures (SDI) define a framework that allows on-line access to distributed geographic data and geoprocessing functionalities, though only very few standardized processing capabilities are yet usable. For the modeler, providing a sophisticated application in form of a web service using interoperable frameworks means that he has to be in expert not only in his knowledge domain but in web service orchestration and chaining additionally. Simple questions with answers based on integrated sensor results, like “do I have smog at location x ” have to be modeled using GIS techniques before being publishable as a web service. This paper prepares the ground for integrating expert systems that are based on autonomous sensor networks into spatial data infrastructures and frees the expert of the burden of in-depth knowledge of service coupling and managing. Most of the geoprocessing capabilities will be part of the – the expert system wrapping – service. Chaining and orchestration will be mostly performed by the backward chaining system of the inference machine
SENSOR WEBS: A ROADMAP
No full textNetworks of sensors – interacting autonomously within its predefined conditions – are still a far vision of the new efforts called Sensor Web. The heterogeneity of sensor types, data formats, and communication protocols had lead to various distinct systems with very little interoperability in between. New efforts driven by the Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) community address those problems and provide interesting solution approaches. The Sensor Web Enablement initiative by the Open Geospatial Consortium aims at standardizing the entire sensor web process of sensor description, sensor discovery, sensor tasking, and access of data observed by sensors. This article will illustrate two important standing legs of current developments towards interoperable sensor webs: First the research questions addressed by research institutes and standardizing consortia, and second by open source software initiatives like 52north that help to bundle developer capacities and therefore accelerate the entire process to set up interoperable sensor webs, which are – despite all efforts – still in its infancy
Container-based architecture to optimize the integration of microservices into cloud-based data-intensive application scenarios
No full text
Internationally tradeable emission certificates: efficiency and equity in linking environmental protection with economic development
No full textThree topics dominate the formulation an international greenhouse-gas regime as part of an effective global environmental policy. Efficiency, equity, and uncertainty. And three major policy instruments are discussed as regards the implementation of the 1992 Framework Convention on Climate Change: A carbon tax/C02-charge, joint implementation, and tradeable emission certificates. This paper tries to answer a question that has not been rigidly asked before: How could tradeable emission certificates be tailored in such a way as to be of benefit to the developing countries, to facilitate global environmental protection and economic development at the same time, and to meet both the efficiency and the equity criterion in international relations. Next to market organization and rules of procedure, allocation of the entitlements is crucial. The author suggests a dynamic formulae, by which the initial allocation of certificates starts on the basis of current greenhouse-gas emissions but over time turns towards equity in the form of equal per capita emissions. In this way, making emission entitlements tradeable among countries implies not only that a globally effective limit to total emissions is attained with certainty, but also that the current unfair allocation of emission entitlements is consecutively shifted in favour of the poor countries. --
Blending in GI e-learning environments: The role of standardized web services
No full textThis article will discuss the different view of learning and teaching within the subject of Geoinformatics. On the basis of the e-learning environment geoinformation.net, the different views of problem oriented teaching will be described and illustrated with their realisation in this specific platform. The article will end with some remarks which research areas should be addressed in future while trying to improve complex online and blended learning environments. Different views of learning and teaching Essentially, we differentiate two central views of learning and teaching: the traditional and the constructivist approach. The traditional approach is mainly based on class teaching. Based on the opinion that teaching has to focus on the content that has to be transferred, this approach tries to teach systematic knowledge with very few tangible references to real world issues. The teacher processes and edits the content in a way that the student will be able to digest the knowledge and will be enabled to put it in use essentially. At the end of this knowledge transport, the student is supposed to have the same knowledge available like the teacher. The centre of the traditional teaching philosophy is taken by the instruction: The teacher takes th
Standardized Information Models to Optimize Exchange, Reusability and Comparability of Citizen Science Data. A Specialization Approach
No full textThe number of citizen science projects is constantly growing. Local, national, and international platforms feature new projects almost every month, resulting in an endless number of new observations that are constantly gathered and stored in databases. Often, these data sets are only used for the sampling campaign’s objectives, thus leaving a huge potential unused: its reusability in other contexts and its comparability with other data sets. Reusability and comparability require a number of aspects to be fulfilled. This paper describes those aspects and focuses on the citizen science application profile as a standardized information model to ensure syntactic and semantic understanding of citizen science data. Data compliant with this information model can be discovered and accessed through standardized Web interfaces and therefore easily integrated into any data processing environment or compared to any other data set. It is emphasized that the application profile described in this paper is one of two possible solutions that are currently being explored. The second one is briefly addressed and will be documented in detail in future publications
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