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    Blok 7 Etika dan Regulasi Kefarmasian

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    ANALISIS BIAYA PENGOBATAN STROKE SEBAGAI PERTIMBANGAN DALAM PENETAPAN PEMBIAYAAN KESEHATAN BERDASAR INA-CBGs DI RUMAH SAKIT JOGJ

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    The applying of INA-CBGs (Indonesia Case Based Groups) on hospital financing especially for class three patient with stroke require medication planning and cost analysis because stroke is a disease that caused death worldwide and expensive so that hospitals can make cost savings and not getting lost. The purpose of this research is to perceive whether time depth treatment of patient with stroke at hospital influenced by patient factor and comorbid factor, also to perceive whether the real cost expense for stroke medication fitting with health financing based on INA-CBGs. Research type is observational with research cross sectional layout is according to hospital perspective. Data taken by using retrospective method. The research subjects are lodging an class three patients at Jogja Hospital within periode January 2011 � April 2012 who have stroke and fulfill the inclusion criteria. Research variable cover demography characteristic (age and gender), comorbid factor, drug intervention, expense required (direct medical and non medical cost), outcome result of therapy whice is measured from patient�s treatment time in hospital (LOS). Data analysis done by using chi-square and Mann Whitney. Research result indicate that patient characteristic and comorbid factor that accompany stroke with treatment time in hospital have independent. The average real cost of stroke treatment in Jogja Hospital is higher than the rate INA-CBGs but the difference was not significant

    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed

    Variations on the Author

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    “Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship

    Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis

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    We provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis

    Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts

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    We conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more sophisticated methods

    Author Index

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    COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS OF AMLODIPINE AND CANDESARTAN USE IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS WITH COMORBID HYPERTENSION IN YOGYAKARTA, INDONESIA

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    Type 2 diabetes mellitus, often accompanied by comorbid hypertension, necessitates expensive and prolonged treatment. Therefore, conducting a cost-effectiveness analysis is crucial to identify the most economically viable option by comparing the costs and therapeutic efficacy of amlodipine and candesartan in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and comorbid hypertension in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. This research aims to analyze therapy costs and effectiveness using pharmacoeconomic assessment, specifically calculating ACER (Average Cost-Effectiveness Ratio) and ICER (Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio) values. The study uses a quantitative approach with retrospective data collection from patient medical records through total sampling. This research gathered data from 149 medical records. The cost-effectiveness analysis based on ACER values revealed the following: amlodipine 5 mg cost IDR 86; amlodipine 10 mg cost IDR 51; candesartan 8 mg cost IDR 571; candesartan 16 mg cost IDR 727. The ICER value of amlodipine 5 mg – candesartan 8 mg cost IDR 1,527; amlodipine 5 mg – candesartan 16 mg cost IDR 2,192; amlodipine 10 mg – candesartan 8 mg cost IDR –8454; amlodipin 10 mg – candesartan 16 mg cost IDR –5,979. The therapy is considered cost-effective when the ACER value is low, and the negative value of ICER indicates that the treatment has lower costs with greater effectiveness. So, using amlodipine 10 mg is the most cost-effective approach for reducing blood pressure in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with comorbid hypertension in Yogyakarta, Indonesia.

    koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist

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    We have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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