3 research outputs found
Antifungal Activity of Leaf Extract of Alchornea cordifolia Against Aspergillus flavus the causal Agent of Yam Tuber Rot: Aktivitas Anticendawan Ekstrak Daun Alchornea cordifolia terhadap Aspergillus flavus Penyebab Busuk Umbi Ubi Jalar
Get PDFAktivitas Anticendawan Ekstrak Daun Alchornea cordifolia terhadap Aspergillus flavus Penyebab Busuk Umbi Ubi Jalar
Kejadian busuk dan kontaminasi mikotoksin pada produk pertanian banyak terjadi di negara tropis. Aspergillus flavus adalah cendawan penghasil mikotoksin utama penyebab busuk pada umbi-umbian di negara bagian Abia, Nigeria. Konsumsi bahan makanan yang terkontaminasi mikotoksin menyumbang 25% penyakit manusia yang penting secara medis di Nigeria. Penelitian dilakukan untuk menilai aktivitas anticendawan ekstrak daun Alchornea cordifolia terhadap A. flavus—cendawan patogen penyebab busuk pada umbi ubi jalar yang disimpan—baik secara in vitro maupun in vivo. Isolat A. flavus dari umbi ubi jalar dengan gejala busuk digunakan pada uji patogenisitas untuk memastikan perannya sebagai patogen. Lima konsentrasi (100–500 mg mL-1) ekstrak daun A. cordifolia dengan pelarut metanol dan tiofanat-metil—fungisida standar—dievaluasi terhadap pertumbuhan cendawan dalam kultur in vitro dan perkembangan busuk yang disebabkan oleh patogen serta penyebarannya secara in vivo. Percobaan terdiri atas 7 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan yang disusun dalam rancangan acak lengkap. Penghambatan sebesar 56.38%–68.22% dan 67.245–80.01% ditunjukkan pada konsentrasi ekstrak daun A. cordifolia 100 mg mL-1 dan 500 mg mL-1 terhadap perkecambahan spora, sedangkan konsentrasi yang sama mengurangi perkembangan busuk sebesar 60% pada perlakuan kontrol menjadi berturut-turut 21.80% dan 12.10% (P<0.05) dibandingkan dengan fungisida standar, tiofanat-metil. Tanaman ini menunjukkan aktivitas antifungal yang kuat secara in vitro dan meminimalkan perkembangan pembusukan yang disebabkan oleh A. flavus secara in vivo.Rots and mycotoxin contamination of agro-produce are prevalent in tropical world. Aspergillus flavus is a major mycotoxigenic rot contaminant of tubers in Abia state, Nigeria. Consumption of mycotoxin contaminated foodstuffs accounts for 25% of medically important human diseases in Nigeria. The objective of this study was to assess antifungal activity of Alchornea cordifolia against A. flavus a mycotoxigenic rot pathogen of stored tuber produce both in vitro and in vivo. Isolates were made from rotted yam tubers and pathogenicity test carried out to confirm A. flavus as pathogen. Five concentrations (100-500 mg mL-1) of methanol leaf extracts of the plant and thiophanate-methyl–a standard fungicide–were evaluated against the growth of the fungus in culture and pathogen-induced rot development and spread in vivo. The experiment was made up of 7 treatments and 3 replicates laid out in CRD. The plant leaf extract demonstrated varying levels of inhibition of A. flavus in vitro and rot development and spread in living tissues of yam. About 56.38%–68.22% and 67.245–80.01% inhibition was recorded by 100 mg mL-1 and 500 mg mL-1 of A. cordifolia extract for spore germination respectively whereas the same concentrations reduced rot development from 60% in the control experiment to 21.80% and 12.10% respectively which compared favorably (P<0.05) with standard fungicide, thiophanate-methyl. The plant demonstrated strong antifungal activity in vitro and minimized A. flavus induced rot advancement in living yam tissues
Ethnobotany and Phytochemical Composition of Alchornea Cordifolia in Abia State Nigeria
Get PDFAlchornea cordifolia is one of the medicinal plants used in treatment of several medical challenges in Nigeria. The study was carried out to document the medicinal values of different parts of A. cordifolia in Ekebedi Oboro ancient Kingdom, and profile its bioactive constituents. The ethno-botanical survey involved oral interview of 81 randomly selected traditional medicine doctors and natives on medicinal values of A. cordifolia. The survey showed that A cordifolia is a major herb used in the treatment of various diseases in the ancient Kingdom and it is prescribed in different treatment regimens; coughs, bronchitis, post-partum bleeding, lacerations, wounds, vaginitis, diarrhea, sickle cell anaemia, venereal diseases including gonorhhea, and syphilis, and prostatitis. GC-MS fingerprinting was adopted to determine the bioactive constituents of methanol leaf extract of the plant. Phytochemical fingerprinting revealed the presence of several bioactive compounds as the major active ingredients of the plant. A total of 27 fatty acids and volatile hydrocarbons were detected in the leaf extract of the plant with 9, 12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)- methyl ester (18.42%), 9-Octadecanoic acid methyl ester (19.93%), Dodecanoic acid 1,2,3-propanetrieyl (15.87%) as most abundant ingredients. These phytochemical compounds of A. cordifolia possibly underscored its antimicrobial and therapeutic action and explains why natives use them in traditional medicine
In vitro inhibitory effect of leaf and seed extracts of Moringa oleifera on growth of Fusarium oxysporum associated with leaf spots of Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides
Get PDF Fusarium oxysporum was found associated with the leaf spot disease of Zanthxylum zanthoxyloides. The goal of this study was to employ Moringa oleifera aqueous leaf and seed extracts to inhibit the development of F. oxysporum in vitro at doses of 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 mg mL-1. Tests for the presence of certain secondary metabolites were also carried out. Naturally occurring substances such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, phenols, steroids, terpenoids and cyanoglycosides were identified in the samples. The extracts from the two parts of the plant were effective against the growth of F. oxysporum. The highest inhibitory effects of leaf extract occurred at 400 and 500 mg mL-1, with a mean diametric measurement value of 0.57 cm and the least at 100 mg mL-1 with a value of 1.28 cm. Similarly, the highest effect of seed extract was at 500 mg L-1 with a value of 0.76 cm and the least at 100 mg mL-1 with 1.34 cm fungal growth as compared to1.92 cm fungal diameter recorded in the control treatment. This work shows that the test fungus could be controlled effectively using concentrations of 400 and 500 mg mL-1 leaf and seed extracts of M. oleifera. 
