2,918 research outputs found
The Spice Tin
No full textScenes in a street market somewhere in India. Woman’s VO relates the story of "The Spice People" who uprooted themselves from their homeland and spread at across the world. Cooking pot: woman tasting the contents. Washing clothes at riverside. Temples. Woman says her story begins in 1945 in Gujarat. Woman introduces herself as Sirti, "pickle-maker extraordinare", and points to her piles of spices. Her masala tin which she describes as being "key to being an Indian". Bobby Joseph, Community Worker, cooking, talking about inheriting his spice tin from his grandmother, and about learning to cook in Kerala by watching her and his mother in the kitchen. Woman cooking. He talks about his own cooking, and about taking his spice tin with him whenever he goes to work abroad. Sirti’s VO talking about 1972 in Kenya. She points out that the spices come from so many different places. Mridula Baljekar, Author & Food Consultant, cooking. She was given her spice tin by her mother-in-law when she married, and explains its symbolism. Wedding ceremony. She says that she learned about cooking and the use of spices from her grandmother. She compares her spice tin to an artist’s palette and suggests that cooking is an art dependant on the imagination. Sirti tastes again and comments "bitter". Sissy says that her masala tin "bears the scars and dents of [her] journey", and likens it to Pandora’s box. Credits
Tin and tin compounds
Get PDFPrepared by Syracuse Research Corporation under contract no. 205-1999-00024 ; prepared for U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry.Chemical manager(s)/author(s): Carolyn Harper, ATSDR, Division of Toxicology, Atlanta, GA; Fernando Llados, Gary Diamond, Lara L. Chappell,.Syracuse Research Corporation, North Syracuse, NY --P. ix."A toxicological profile for tin and tin compounds, draft for public comment was released in September 2003. This edition supersedes any previously released draft or final profile"--P. iii."This toxicological profile is prepared in accordance with guidelines developed by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The original guidelines were published in the Federal Register on April 17, 1987"--P. v.Includes bibliographical references (p. 309-369) and index.205-1999-0002
The Spice Tin - ACE282.2
No full textScenes in a street market somewhere in India. Woman’s VO relates the story of "The Spice People" who uprooted themselves from their homeland and spread at across the world. Cooking pot: woman tasting the contents. Washing clothes at riverside. Temples. Woman says her story begins in 1945 in Gujarat. Woman introduces herself as Sirti, "pickle-maker extraordinare", and points to her piles of spices. Her masala tin which she describes as being "key to being an Indian". Bobby Joseph, Community Worker, cooking, talking about inheriting his spice tin from his grandmother, and about learning to cook in Kerala by watching her and his mother in the kitchen. Woman cooking. He talks about his own cooking, and about taking his spice tin with him whenever he goes to work abroad. Sirti’s VO talking about 1972 in Kenya. She points out that the spices come from so many different places. Mridula Baljekar, Author & Food Consultant, cooking. She was given her spice tin by her mother-in-law when she married, and explains its symbolism. Wedding ceremony. She says that she learned about cooking and the use of spices from her grandmother. She compares her spice tin to an artist’s palette and suggests that cooking is an art dependant on the imagination. Sirti tastes again and comments "bitter". Sissy says that her masala tin "bears the scars and dents of [her] journey", and likens it to Pandora’s box. Credits
Substrate Effects on the Micro/Nanomechanical Properties of TiN Coatings
No full textNanoindentation and nanoscratch tests were performed for titanium nitride (TiN) coatings on different tool steel substrates to investigate the indentation/scratch induced deformation behavior of the coatings and the adhesion of the coating–substrate interfaces and their tribological property. In this work, TiN coatings with a thickness of about 500 nm were grown on GT35, 9Cr18 and 40CrNiMo steels using vacuum magnetic-filtering arc plasma deposition. In the nanoindentation tests, the hardness and modulus curves for TiN/GT35 reduced the slowest around the film thickness 500 nm with the increase of indentation depth, followed by TiN/9Cr18 and TiN/40CrNiMo. Improving adhesion properties of coating and substrate can decrease the differences of internal stress field. The scratch tests showed that the scratch response was controlled by plastic deformation in the substrate. The substrate plays an important role in determining the mechanical properties and wear resistance of such coatings. TiN/GT35 exhibited the best load-carrying capacity and scratch/wear resistance. As a consequence, GT35 is the best substrate for TiN coatings of the substrate materials tested
Thermal Actuation of Phase Change Tin Pump
No full textPressurized liquid Tin finds application in the generation of Extreme Ultra-Violet light for semiconductor lithography. In order to improve the throughput of the lithography systems, tin must be pressurized to higher levels, and in turn, new pressurization methods are needed.A phase change tin pump is an innovative system that pressurizes and pumps liquid Tin by harnessing the expansion and contraction during phase changes, without the need for any moving parts. The pump needs to pressurize liquid tin up to 2000 bars, with a pumping capacity of 4 ml/hr. Since this system relies heavily on control over the temperatures of tin, this study is set up to address the thermal constraints in the system by investigating three aspects of temperature distribution in the system.Firstly, the heaters in the pump are placed at discrete locations, but the working volume is continuous. Thus, it is challenging to define a temperature control function that can facilitate uniform melting and continuous flow of tin. The relation between rate of heat input to the pump and the rate of heat transfer in tin is estimated using an analytical model. From the analytical model, it is found that heating rates of the order of 0.1 K/s are required in order to melt tin in a reasonably uniform fashion over a zone length of 5 mm.Secondly, the number of heaters are limited, and it is hard to achieve precise control over the temperature of tin at any given location. In order to establish a good basic control, the free design parameters are optimized so that a steady state gradient of 50 K is achieved between solid (200°C) and liquid (250°C) tin in the working volume. This is done by evaluating the thermal profile of the system for different combinations of the design variables, using Finite Element Analysis. The two objectives of this optimization problem (maximum temperature gain and minimum crosstalk) are seen to have contrasting requirements of the design variables. An optimal combination of the variables is found such that a gradient of 50 K is possible, but with a little trade-off on both the objectives.Thirdly, a direct measurement of temperature of tin inside the pump is not feasible, and tin temperatures are estimated analytically. The accuracy of estimation is impacted by changes in local temperatures due to the non-linear properties of tin like absorption/release of latent heat, pressure-dependent melting point. The effect of non-linear tin properties on local temperature distribution is studied by setting up a finite difference model. It is seen that the absorption of latent heat during melting of tin results in a temperature that is 12 K lower than what would have been without the effect of latent heat.Materials Science and Engineerin
Hart (A. Tin dal). William Lloyd, bishop, politician, author and prophet, 1627-1717.
No full textAubert Roger. Hart (A. Tin dal). William Lloyd, bishop, politician, author and prophet, 1627-1717.. In: Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire, tome 33, fasc. 4, 1955. pp. 967-969
Micromechanical Characterization of TiN Films on 9Cr18 Steels
No full textTiN coatings 0.5mum thick were deposited by plasma are deposition on 9Cr18 steels. Vickers indentations, depth-sensing indentations and nanoscratches were produced with different tips on a broad range of applied load. Mechanical behavior of hard and brittle thin coatings on soft and ductile metallic substrates was investigated and interpreted. It is demonstrated that depth-sensing indentation and nanoscratch tests can provide more information about the near-surface elastic-plastic deformation, friction and wear properties. Compared with 9Cr18 steels, solid lubricating effects for TiN and organism/TiN coatings are very marked
Making SOA-based systems coherent and trustworthy
No full textUnder Service Oriented Architecture (SOA), a software system - such as one that supports an enterprise-consists of multiple heterogeneous servers. These servers may be distributed over
the internet, and may be managed under different administrative domains. SOA has become hugely popular, particularly as the architecture of large and complex distributed systems such as
enterprise systems, grids, virtual enterprises, and supply chains. Unfortunately, this architecture as it is currently defined and being used, suffers from serious problems as outlined below. First, there is no means to ensure that a fragmented and open system like a SOA-based system satisfies desired global constraints, or can establish any regularity over the system. Second, service providers can make their own commitments to clients. However, the SOA
methodology provides no guarantee to clients that the commitment made by a given server will be satisfied. Note that although service providers should have the freedom to specify their own commitments, they must conform to the global constraints imposed at large, and
such conformity must be enforced. Third, when using a composite service, clients indirectly communicate with services via an orchestrator. Such indirect interaction may cause concerns
for both clients and services, but no formal mechanism has been designed to address those concerns. Finally, it is not possible to ensure that coordination between disparate servers—called ”choreography” under SOA— is carried out safely and correctly. The overarching goal of my dissertation is to design a regulatory mechanism to address all these problems in a scalable manner. The mechanism is an extension of Law Governed Interaction (LGI) - a decentralized coordination and control mechanism for distributed systems. We call this mechanism ”LG-SOA”, for Law-Governed-SOA, which enables high expressive power, efficient enforcement, as well as good scalability. We will also present how LG-SOA can be applied to legacy systems. Case studies in the context of enterprise systems demonstrate the flexibility and applicability of this mechanism. Experiments show the overhead introduced by LG-SOA is relatively small, especially in the context of geographically distributed systems
like SOA-based systems. In sum, LGI-SOA is effective and versatile in making SOA-based systems more coherent and trustworthy.Ph. D.Includes bibliographical referencesby Tin La
Switching of Cu/MoOx/TiN CBRAM occurred at MoOx/TiN interface
Get PDFFor dynamical observation of CBRAM microstructure, in situ transmission electron microscopy (in situ TEM) was performed on Cu/MoOx/TiN during the resistive switching. It was confirmed that the local area near the MoOx/TiN interface contributes to resistive switching. The Cu deposit at the bottom of the MoOx layer swelled into the oxidized thin layer of the TiN bottom electrode, and a thin filament of 3-5nm diameter was formed in the Set process. The reversal change was seen in the Reset process. On increasing the switching power, a microstructural change in the MoOx layer was also seen, and the CBRAM film was finally destroyed
Resilience in the Tin supply chain: From the COVID-19 crisis to future developments
No full textResilience has been gaining importance as a key element that prepares the supply chains to respond after disruptions. In this thesis, the material supply chain resilience framework is used to study the supply chain of tin before and during the disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Tin is a small-scale market compared to other major metals but its importance is increasing thanks to its possible applications in the next-generation lithium-ion batteries, fundamental for the energy transition. Besides, Tin is one of the main elements used in the semiconductor industry which is at the centre of the trade war between the US and China. In order to increase its potential and be used in “next-gen” batteries, tin supply chains must show resilience. Using qualitative and quantitative data and modelling, this paper aimed to explore the resilience of the supply chain of tin. The research showed that Tin demonstrated considerable resilience during the COVID-19 disruptions ,thanks to the semiconductors and Chinese demand, both of which increased during the second quarter of 2020. Currently, almost half of tin production goes to solders, which explains the high dependency between the tin market and the semiconductor market. China is the biggest producer and consumer of tin, which makes the demand for tin dependent on Chinese demand. The analysis of the resilience mechanisms showed stockpiling and diversity of supply are integrated into the supply chain but their contribution to resilience remain low. Substitution could not be considered a resilience mechanism due to the lack of substitutes for tin solders. The resilience mechanisms would gain importance in the future of tin if it would be used in new technologies. The model presented in this thesis estimates the amount of tin that will be used by 2030. With this in mind, recycling of tin must be increased to support the future demand. Consequently, Governments and companies must invest in technologies in order to increase the recycling of E-waste. Lastly, the development of the relations between the US and China will also interest the tin supply chain. In this regard, three different sub scenarios are analysed: complete decoupling, partial decoupling, and no-decoupling. <br/
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