1,720,963 research outputs found
Advanced biopower generation via gasification of biomass and municipal solid waste
No full textThe overall goal of this study was to develop and analyze efficient power generation systems through the downdraft gasification of biomass and municipal solid waste (MSW) for distributed power applications. This goal was accomplished with the following major objectives that were focus of dissertation chapters. The literature review of power generation and emissions from gasification-based technologies was presented in Chapter 1. Performance and emission analyses of experimental of a 10-kW internal combustion (IC) engine running on syngas generated from gasification of a low density biomass was presented in Chapter 2. Engine performance was satisfactory with maximum load of 5 kW, resulting in an electrical efficiency of 21.3%. The only modification made to the engine was addition of a single venturi pipe in the air-intake system for adjusting flows and mixing of air and syngas. Chapter 3 focused on performance and emission analyses of the gasification-energy system when biomass mixed with MSW in various ratios was used as the feedstock (co-gasification). The air-intake system was further modified using a two series venturi pipe. The gasification and engine performance was stable with maximum MSW weight ratio of 40 wt.%, producing the maximum engine output power of 5 kW with an electrical efficiency of 19.5%. An increase in MSW ratio resulted in an increase of hydrocarbon and SO2 engine emissions. An economic analysis of a 60-kW power plant based on the downdraft gasification system was presented in Chapter 4. The downdraft gasification power plant showed a payback period, an internal rate of return (IRR), a modified internal rate of return (MIRR), and a net present value (NPV) of 7.7 years, 10.9%, 7.7%, and $84,550, respectively. Using sensitivity analysis, feed-in-tariff resulted in the greatest impact on the project's NPV, followed by the electricity selling price, the output power and the tipping fee, while the labor and feedstock cost and the tax rate generated a negative impact on the NPV. In comparison with a commercially available 250-kW downdraft gasification power generation, the downdraft gasification power plant performed a shorter payback period and a higher IRR. However, these results may vary significantly based on local economic factors and assumptions made. Modeling of low-temperature plasma gasification technology using MSW was the main focus of Chapter 5. At temperatures of 2,500, 2000, and 1,500°C, the energy consumption of the plasma torch decreased from 3,816 kW at conventional condition (4000°C) to 3,157, 2,775, and 2,358 kW, respectively, with corresponding gasification efficiency of 48.7%, 48.9%, and 49.2%. Finally, Chapter 6 focused on a simulation based on experimental data was used to investigate performance of a hybrid power generation (solid oxide fuel cell and gas turbine) using syngas generated from gasification of biomass and municipal solid waste mixture. At 40 wt.% MSW ratio, the syngas produced resulting in a total stack power of 307 kW, and a gas turbine output of 40 kW with a system electrical efficiency of 49.5%
Addressing Palm Biodiesel as Renewable Fuel for the Indonesian Power Generation Sector: Java-Madura-Bali System
Get PDFEnergy security defined as how to equitably provide available, affordable, reliable efficient, environmentally friendly, proactively governed and socially acceptable energy services to end user. It has in recent years taken attention of policymakers in different parts of the world. Formulating policy to improve energy security is mandatory, not only because of depleting fossil resource, but also implementing diversity of energy source since utilization abundant renewable energy resources can increase the security of energy supply. One of the abundant renewable energy resources in Indonesia is palm oil. This study analyses the utilization of palm biodiesel for Indonesian power generation sector in the Java-Madura-Bali (JAMALI) system. Two scenarios were created by projecting the demand and environmental impact as well as GHG emissions reduction over the next 25 years. The first scenario subjects on current energy policy, while the second scenario is to substitute of fossil fuel which is still used in the JAMALI power generation system. Effect of palm biodiesel on emission of Carbon Dioxide, Carbon Monoxide, Sulfur Dioxide, Nitrogen Oxides, Particulate Matter, and Volatile Organic Compounds were estimated for each scenario. An externality analysis to complete the environmental analysis was conducted and resource analysis of palm oil plantation based biodiesel was also estimated. Finally, the economics feasibility of palm biodiesel in the power generation sector was analyzed
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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