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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Investigation of the presence of nitroimidazole group drug residues using lc/ms/ms in raw milk consumed around Ankara
No full textNitroimidazoller anaerobik bakterilere ve ayrıca protozoal enfeksiyonların patojenlerine karşı oldukça aktif olan bir ilaç grubudur. Bunların hayvansal ürünlerindeki kalıntıları insanlar üzerinde mutajenik ve kanserojenik etkiler sergiler. Bu çalışmada, nitroimidazol ve metabolitlerinin sıvı kromatografi-tandem kütle spektrometrisi (LC/MS/MS) ile belirlenmesine yönelik metot validasyonu ile birlikte Ankara ilinde tüketime sunulan çiğ inek sütü örneklerinde nitroimidazol grubu ilaçların kalıntı varlığının analiz edilmesi ve elde edilen bulgular ile gerek hayvan sağlığı ve gerekse tüketiciler için olası kalıntı risk durumunun belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Analiz öncesi süt örneklerinden bileşiklerin eldesi için etilasetat ve n-hekzan ile ön işlemler gerçekleştirildi ve son kısımda örnekler metanol-su karışımı ile muamale edilerek LC/MS/MS’ye enjeksiyon işlemi yapıldı. Analitlerin ayrılmasında C18 kolon ve asetonitril ve suda formik asitli mobil faz işlemi yapıldı. Çalışmada, nitroimidazol bileşiklerinin geri kazanımlarının 100,5-101,7 arasında, tespit ve ölçüm limitlerinin sırasıyla 2,22-2,37 µg/l ve 2,66-3,12 µg/l, CCα ve CCβ değerlerinin sırasıyla 2,21-2,34 µg/l ve 2,35-2,58 µg/l arasında olduğu tespit edildi. Ayrıca, çalışma kapsamında Ankara ilinden toplanan 60 adet çiğ inek süt örneği LC/MS/MS ile nitroimidazol kalıntı varlığı yönünden analiz edildi ve elde edilen veriler neticesinde örneklerin nitroimidazol kalıntısı içermediği belirlendi. Sonuç olarak, nitroimidazollerin belirlenmesi için kullanılan yöntemin hassas ve doğru sonuç verdiği, tüketime sunulan çiğ sütlerin nitroimidazoller açısından tüketici sağlığı için bir risk oluşturmadığı görüldü.Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that are highly active against anaerobic bacteria and also against pathogens of protozoal infections. Their residues in animal products exhibit mutagenic and carcinogenic effects on humans. In this study, it was aimed to analyze the presence of residues of nitroimidazole group drugs in raw cow milk samples consumed in Ankara province with method validation for the determination of nitroimidazole and its metabolites by liquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) and to determine the possible residue risk status for both animal health and consumers with the findings obtained. Pretreatments with ethyl acetate and n-hexane were carried out to obtain the compounds from the milk samples before the analysis, and in the last part, the samples were treated with methanol-water mixture and injected into LC/MS/MS. Analytes were separated on a C18 column and mobile phase treatment with acetonitrile and formic acid in water. In the study, it was determined that the recoveries of nitroimidazole compounds were between 100.5-101.7, detection and measurement limits were between 2.22-2.37 µg/l and 2.66-3.12 µg/l, respectively, and CCα and CCβ values were between 2.21-2.34 µg/l and 2.35-2.58 µg/l, respectively. In addition, 60 raw cow milk samples collected from Ankara province were analyzed for the presence of nitroimidazole residues by LC/MS/MS and it was determined that the samples did not contain nitroimidazole residues as a result of the data obtained. As a result, it was observed that the method used for the determination of nitroimidazoles gave sensitive and accurate results, and that the raw milk offered for consumption did not pose a risk to consumer health in terms of nitroimidazoles.Bu tez çalışması; Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi (BAPK) Tarafından Desteklenmiştir. Proje No: “23.SAĞ.BİL.21
The investigation of the protective effect of boron against aflatoxin B1 induced liver injury in male rats
No full textMikotoksinler içerisinde önemli yeri olan aflatoksinlerin gıda ve yem kaynaklı
bulaşmaları insan ve hayvan sağlığı üzerinde ciddi sağlık problemlerini beraberinde
getirmektedir. Bunların alınması sonucu karaciğer başta olmak üzere doku ve
organlarda özel zehirli etkiler (kanserojen, teratojen ve mutajenik etkiler) ile
hepatotoksik, nefrotoksik, genotoksik ve immünosüpresif etkiler ortaya çıkmaktadır.
Bu nedenle aflatoksinlerden kaynaklı istenmeyen zararların önüne geçilmesinde
antioksidan özellik gösteren çeşitli maddeler öncelikle tercih edilmektedir. Bor ve
bileşiklerinin antioksidan, hücre koruyucu, antigenotoksik etkilerinin olduğu
bildirilmiştir. Yapılan bu tez çalışmasında subakut Aflatoksin B1 (AFB1) ile
karaciğer hasarı oluşturulan ratlarda borun koruyucu etkisinin araştırılması
amaçlandı. Çalışmada erkek Sprague Dawley cinsi ratlara AFB1 0,125 mg/kg ve
borik asit 5, 10 ve 20 mgBor/kg dozları 21 gün süresince verildi. AFB1
uygulamasının karaciğer enzim aktiviteleri (AST, ALT ve ALP) ve lipid
peroksidasyon (MDA) düzeylerini artırdığı, diğer taraftan glutatyon (GSH) ve
antioksidan enzim aktivitelerinde (SOD ve CAT) ise azalma meydana getirdiği
belirlendi. Ayrıca, karaciğer dokusunda apoptotik (Bax, Caspase 3, Caspase 8,
Caspase 9 ve p53) ve proinflamatuvar (TNF-α ve NFκB) genlerin mRNA ekspresyon
düzeylerinin arttığı ve antiapoptotik gen olan Bcl-2’nin mRNA ekspresyonun
azaldığı tespit edildi. AFB1 uygulamasının DNA hasarını artırdığı ve karaciğer
dokusunda ise histopatolojik değişiklikler oluşturduğu gözlendi. AFB1 ile birlikte
verilen 5, 10 ve 20 mg/kg dozda bor uygulamalarının ise oluşan bu olumsuz
değişikleri tersine çevirdiği tespit edildi. Sonuçta borun AFB1 ile indüklenen
karaciğer hasarına karşı antioksidan, antiinflamatuvar ve antiapoptotik etkisi ile
birlikte hepatoprotektif etki sergilediği belirlendi.Contamination of aflatoxins, which has an important place among mycotoxins, from
food and feed brings serious health problems on human and animal health. Because
of their intake, special toxic effects (carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic
effects) and hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic, genotoxic, and immunosuppressive effects
occur in tissues and organs, especially in the liver. For this reason, various
substances with antioxidant properties are primarily preferred to prevent undesirable
damage caused by aflatoxins. It has been reported that boron and its compounds have
antioxidant, cell protective, and antigenotoxic effects. In this thesis, it was aimed to
investigate the protective effect of boron in rats with subacute Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)
liver damage. In the study, 0,125 mg/kg AFB1 and 5, 10, and 20 mg Boron/kg doses
of boric acid were given to male Sprague Dawley rats for 21 days. It was determined
that AFB1 tretament increased liver enzyme activities (AST, ALT, and ALP) and
lipid peroxidation (MDA) levels, on the other hand, it caused a decrease in
glutathione (GSH) and antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD and CAT). In addition, it
was determined that the mRNA expression levels of apoptotic (Bax, Caspase 3,
Caspase 8, Caspase 9, and p53) and proinflammatory (TNF-α and NFκB) genes in
liver tissue increased and the mRNA expression of the antiapoptotic gene (Bcl-2)
decreased. It was observed that AFB1 tretament increased DNA damage and caused
histopathological changes in the liver tissue. It was determined that boron
applications at doses of 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg given with AFB1 reversed these
negative changes. As a result, it was determined that boron exhibited
hepatoprotective effect together with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and
antiapoptotic effects against AFB1-induced liver damage
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Investigation of the protective effect of taurine against pyraclostrobin-ınduced oxidative stress in rats
No full textPyraclostrobin yaygın olarak kullanılan strobilurin türevi bir mantar ilacı olup
organizmada oksidatif stres ve DNA hasarı ile birlikte üreme performansını ve
embriyonal geliĢimi bozmaktadır. Sistein aminoasitinden elde edilen taurin ise
antioksidan, sitoprotektif ve ozmoregülasyon gibi metabolik süreçlerde önemli bir rol
oynamaktadır. Bu çalıĢmada pyraclostrobin verilen erkek sıçanlarda oluĢan oksidatif
strese karĢı taurinin olası koruyucu etkinliğinin belirlenmesi amaçlandı. ÇalıĢmada
Sprague Dawley cinsi sıçanlar her grupta 8 hayvan olacak Ģekilde 6 gruba ayrıldı.
ÇalıĢmada sıçanlara 0.5 ml mısır yağı, 30 mg/kg pyraclostrobin ve 30 mg/kg
pyraclostrobin ile birlikte 50, 100 ve 200 mg/kg taurin gastrik gavaj ile 28 gün
süresince verildi. Pyraclostrobin uygulamasının bazı biyokimyasal parametreler
(aspartat aminotransferaz, alanin aminotransferaz, alkalen fosfataz, kan üre azotu ve
kreatinin) ile malondialdehid düzeylerini artırdığı, aksine glutatyon ve antioksidan
enzim aktivitelerinden süperoksid dismutaz ve katalaz düzeylerinde ise azalma
meydana getirdiği belirlendi. Bununla beraber, pyraclostrobin uygulaması ile
karaciğer dokusunda apoptotik (Bax, Caspase 3, Caspase 8, Caspase 9 ve p53) ve
proinflamatuvar (TNF-α ve NFκB ) genler ile CYP2E1’in mRNA ekspresyon
düzeylerinin arttığı ve antiapoptotik gen olan Bcl-2’nin mRNA ekspresyonun
düzeyinin azaldığı tespit edildi. Ayrıca, pyraclostrobin uygulamasının DNA hasarını
artırdığı ve dokularda ise histopatolojik değiĢiklikler oluĢturduğu gözlendi.
Pyraclostrobin ile birlikte verilen 50, 100 ve 200 mg/kg dozda taurin
uygulamalarının ise pyraclostrobin ile oluĢan değiĢikleri tersine çevirdiği tespit
edildi. Sonuçta taurinin pyraclostrobin ile indüklenen oksidatif hasara karĢı
antioksidan, antiinflamatuvar ve antiapoptotik etkisi ile birlikte sitoprotektif etki
gösterdiği belirlendi.Pyraclostrobin is a widely used strobilurin derivative fungicide and impairs
reproductive performance and embryonal development, together with oxidative stress
and DNA damage in the organism. Taurine, obtained from the amino acid cysteine,
plays an important role in metabolic processes such as antioxidant, cytoprotective,
and osmoregulation. In this study, it was aimed to determine the possible protective
efficacy of taurine against oxidative stress in male rats given pyraclostrobin. In the
study, Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 6 groups with 8 animals in each group.
In the study, rats were given 0.5 ml corn oil, 30 mg/kg pyraclostrobin, and 30 mg/kg
pyraclostrobin with 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg taurine by gastric gavage for 28 days. It
was determined that pyraclostrobin application increased some biochemical
parameters (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline
phosphatase, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine) and malondialdehyde levels, while
on the contrary, it caused a decrease in glutathione and antioxidant enzyme activities
such as superoxide dismutase and catalase levels. Nonetheless, apoptotic (Bax,
Caspase 3, Caspase 8, Caspase 9 and p53) and pro-inflammatory (TNF-α and NFκB)
genes and CYP2E1 mRNA expression levels increased and the antiapoptotic gene
Bcl-2 mRNA expression levels decreased by pyraclostrobin treatment in liver tissue.
Also, it was observed that pyraclostrobin application increased DNA damage and
caused histopathological changes in tissues. It was determined that 50, 100, and 200
mg/kg doses of taurine administered together with pyraclostrobin reversed the
changes caused by pyraclostrobin. As a result, it was determined that taurine had a
cytoprotective effect together with its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti apoptotic effects against the oxidative damage induced by pyraclostrobin.Bu tez çalıĢması; Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Bilimsel AraĢtırma Projeleri
Koordinasyon Birimi (BAPK) Tarafından DesteklenmiĢtir. Proje No: “20.SAĞ.BĠL.29
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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