1,721,104 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Model the building energy demand at district scale
No full textDepuis 2007, plus de la moitié de la population mondiale vit en ville. La forte densité de population et d'activité entraîne une augmentation des besoins en climatisation des bâtiments en été. L’augmentation des températures due à l’effet d’îlot de chaleur urbain est principalement liée à l'aménagement urbain et aux flux de chaleurs anthropiques causés par l’utilisation des systèmes de chauffage et de climatisation. En agissant sur l'aménagement urbain, comme la densité de construction, l'albédo de surface ou les espaces verts, le microclimat urbain peut être amélioré ; ce qui permet ainsi de réduire les besoins énergétiques des bâtiments. Nous proposons dans ce manuscrit un modèle pour calculer les besoins énergétiques des bâtiments à l'échelle d’un quartier en prenant en compte l’interaction entre le microclimat urbain et les bâtiments. L'objectif est de décrire d'une part les ambiances intérieures du bâtiment, telles qu’elles sont modélisées dans les codes de thermique dynamique du bâtiment, et d'autre part, l'environnement extérieur tel qu’il est modélisé dans les codes de micro-météorologie. Pour travailler à cette échelle,la description détaillée de tous les transferts thermiques à l'intérieur et à l'extérieur de chaque bâtiment n'est pas appropriée. Ainsi, un modèle réduit de bâtiment est couplé avec un modèle simplifié de microclimat urbain. Le modèle de bâtiment est basé sur la méthode des facteurs de pondération et permet de prendre en compte les gains internes, l'inertie de l'enveloppe et les échanges radiatifs et convectifs à l'intérieur du bâtiment. Il est couplé à un modèle radiatif en milieu urbain, basé sur la méthode des radiosités, et un modèle zonal tridimensionnel de la canopée urbaine. Après avoir présenté ces modèles, ils sont appliqués sur un cas d'application, à savoir le quartier Pin Sec de la ville de Nantes. Différents scénarios d'aménagement urbain sont simulés sur une année afin d’analyser l’influence de l’aménagement urbain sur les besoins énergétiques des bâtiments.Since 2007, more than half of world population lives in urban areas. The high density of population and its activity leads to an increase of building energy demand in summer. The temperature rise of densely built areas is mainly due to urban landscaping and anthropogenic heat fluxes caused by combustion flues and air conditioning of buildings. Acting on urban landscaping, like building density, surface albedo or green areas, the urban microclimate can be improved, which consequently reduces the building energy demand. We propose in this thesis a model to compute the energy demand at the district scale taking into account the interaction between urban microclimate and building energy demand.On the one hand, the aim is to describe the indoor thermal conditions as usually in thermal dynamic simulations; on the other hand, the external condition are modeled as they should be described in micro-meteorological models. To work at this scale, the detailed description of all thermal transfers inside and outside each building is not appropriate. Thus, a reduced thermal building model is coupled with a simplified urban microclimate model. The building model is based on weighting factors method and allows taking into account the internal gains, the envelope inertia, and the radiative and convective exchanges inside the building. This model is coupled with a radiative model of a district, based on radiosity method, and a tridimensional zonal model of the urban canopy. Following the description of these models, a case study of the district Pin Sec in Nantes is presented. Different scenarios of urban landscaping are simulated over one year to assess their influences on building energy demand
Study of a wook-based heating system combined with a heat recovery ventilation in low energy buildings
No full textCe travail porte sur l’étude et le développement d’un système innovant de ventilation et de chauffage au bois dans les habitations à basse consommation d’énergie, qui sont appelées à devenir la référence constructive en France dès 2015. Dans ces habitations fortement isolées et particulièrement étanches à l’air, les besoins de chauffage sont très faibles et peuvent être couverts par une source de chaleur d’origine renouvelable, telle que le bois énergie. En outre, l’utilisation d’une ventilation performante s’impose comme étant un critère essentiel pour assurer la bonne qualité de l’air intérieur et peut même devenir l’unique vecteur de chauffage en apportant l’appoint de chaleur sur l’air insufflé dans les différentes pièces de l’habitation. Le système présenté dans cette étude propose ainsi de combiner les avantages d’un appareil de chauffage au bois de petite puissance, ici un poêle à granulés de bois, et ceux d’une ventilation à récupération de chaleur sur l’air extrait, grâce à un conduit échangeur intégré à la cheminée du poêle et relié au réseau de soufflage de la ventilation. Développé en partenariat avec l’industriel POUJOULAT, spécialisé dans la fabrication de conduits de cheminée métalliques, ce conduit échangeur permet de récupérer sur l’air neuf une partie de la chaleur initialement perdue par les fumées et de la distribuer dans toutes des zones de vie de l’habitation, même les plus éloignées de l’appareil au bois. Après avoir défini la configuration de couplage à adopter pour assurer le bon fonctionnement de l’ensemble et garantir à la fois la sécurité et le confort des occupants, les performances de plusieurs prototypes de conduit échangeur sont caractérisées expérimentalement. Les résultats obtenus lors des essais en laboratoire permettent alors d’orienter l’évolution des prochains prototypes et de souligner la nécessité de travailler avec un poêle à granulés de bois dont le cycle de combustion est étanche. Un modèle mathématique est également développé pour prédire les performances du dernier prototype de conduit échangeur à triple paroi non isolé sur sa surface extérieure et sa validation est obtenue suite au bon accord entre les résultats calculés et ceux mesurés lors des essais. L’ensemble du système combiné est ensuite installé dans deux habitations à basse consommation d’énergie situées près de Poitiers. L’exploitation des températures et des consommations recueillies pendant la première saison de chauffe montre la bonne tenue du système combiné, ses limites, ainsi que ses conditions d’appropriation par les occupants, dont le comportement apparaît jouer un rôle prédominant dans la réduction des consommations énergétiques.This work is devoted to the study and development of an innovative wood-based air-heating system for energy-efficient dwellings, which are expected to become the building reference in France from 2015 onwards. As these kinds of homes are highly insulated and particularly airtight, heating requirements are very low and may be covered by a renewable energy source, such as wood energy. In addition, efficient ventilation is absolutely required to ensure indoor air quality and may even sometimes be use as the only way to provide heat into the various rooms of the house. In this context, the system presented in this study aims to combine advantages of a low power wood-burning appliance, as a wood-pellet stove, and those of a mechanical ventilation heat-recovery unit, thanks to a heat exchanger integrated into the chimney of the pellet stove and connected to the ventilation air supply network. Developed in partnership with POUJOULAT, a metallic chimneys manufacturer, this new heat exchanger recovers a part of the heat from flue gases and enables to warm up the fresh air distributed in each living zone of the house, even the most remote of the wood heating device. After defining the best coupling configuration to ensure the proper behaviour of the system, as well as both safety and comfort of the occupants, performances of several heat exchanger prototypes are characterized experimentally. The results from tests in laboratory are then used to guide prototypes development and they highlight the need to work with a room-sealed wood-pellet stove. Moreover, a mathematical model is developed to predict the performances of the latest prototype of triple concentric tube heat exchanger with no insulation at the outer surface. Then, the model validation is obtained following the good agreement between calculated results and those measured during the laboratory tests. The combined system is then installed in two energy-efficient dwellings near Poitiers. Operating temperatures and energy consumptions collected during the first heating season show the good reliability of the combined system, its limitations and its conditions of acceptance by the occupants, whose behaviour is pointed out as a major factor in reducing energy consumptions
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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