19 research outputs found
Pharmacokinetics of cyclosporine A in normal and carrier dogs for Alport Syndrome and transdermal absorption of cyclosporine A in normal dogs
No full textDue to the character of the original source materials and the nature of batch digitization, quality control issues may be present in this document. Please report any quality issues you encounter to [email protected], referencing the URI of the item.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 58-66).Issued also on microfiche from Lange Micrographics.Cyclosporine A is a fungal 11 amino acid cyclic polypeptide characterized by potent immunosuppressive activity. CsA selectively inhibits T lymphocytes, without any direct effect on B lymphocytes. Allograft and patient survival rates for all solid organ transplant recipients have improved significantly since CsA was introduced for clinical use. CsA is also effective in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. After oral administration, CsA is extensively metabolized by the cytochrome P-450IIIA enzyme systems in the small intestines and the liver and then excreted in the bile. Oral bioavailability of CsA is markedly variable among patients, necessitating drug monitoring. CsA has a narrow therapeutic window, whereas low concentrations are ineffective, slightly high concentrations can be nephrotoxic or hepatotoxic. The pharmacokinetics of CsA changes in some disease states due to alterations in blood binding properties of CsA. One objective of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics of CsA in apparently healthy normal dogs and in carrier dogs for Alport syndrome, and to compare the pharmacokinetics of CsA between the two groups after single oral administration. There were no differences in CsA pharmacokinetics between apparently normal dogs and carrier female dogs for Alport syndrome. Hematocrit, serum cholesterol and plasma protein concentrations in dogs with Alport syndrome were within normal ranges, which was consistent with the finding that CsA pharmacokinetics were unchanged. Topical administration of CsA in dermatologic disorders may be more convenient than oral administration. Its large molecular weight, ring structure, and high lipophilicity make its transdermal absorption difficult. The objectives of this study were; 1) to determine availability of transdermal CsA when applied topically in pleuronic lecithine gel (PLO); 2) to determine the dose and formulation of CsA in the transdermal gel system necessary to achieve therapeutic concentrations; 3) to determine the relative (compared with oral) bioavailability of CsA PLO gel in dogs. In this study CsA PLO gel failed to provide transdermal absorption of CsA
Fabrication and characterization of Ga-doped ZnO / Si heterojunction nanodiodes
No full text32nd International Physics Congress of Turkish-Physical-Society (TPS) -- SEP 06-09, 2016 -- Bodrum, TURKEYIn this study, temperature-dependent electrical properties of n-type Ga-doped ZnO thin film / p-type Si nanowire heterojunction diodes were reported. Metal-assisted chemical etching (MACE) process was performed to fabricate Si nanowires. Ga-doped ZnO films were then deposited onto nanowires through chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique to build three-dimensional nanowire-based heterojunction diodes. Fabricated devices revealed significant diode characteristics in the temperature range of 220 - 360 K. Electrical measurements shown that diodes had a well-defined rectifying behavior with a good rectification ratio of 10(3) +/- 3 V at room temperature. Ideality factor (n) were changed from 2.2 to 1.2 with increasing temperature.Turkish Phys SocResearch Projects Unit of Omer Halisdemir University [FEB 2014/25-BAGEP, FEB 2014/26-BAGEP]G.A. and F.A.A. would like to give thanks to Research Projects Unit of Omer Halisdemir University (The Project Code: FEB 2014/25-BAGEP and The Project Code: FEB 2014/26-BAGEP) for the financial support
Fabrication of p-type CuO thin films using chemical bath deposition technique and their solar cell applications with Si nanowires
No full text32nd International Physics Congress of Turkish-Physical-Society (TPS) -- SEP 06-09, 2016 -- Bodrum, TURKEYRecently, CuO has attracted much interest owing to its suitable material properties, inexpensive fabrication cost and potential applications for optoelectronic devices. In this study, CuO thin films were deposited on glass substrates using chemical bath deposition technique and post-deposition annealing effect on the properties of the prepared samples were investigated. p-n heterojunction solar cells were then constructed by coating of p-type CuO films onto the vertically well aligned n-type Si nanowires synthesized through MACE method. Photovoltaic performance of the fabricated devices were determined with current voltage (I-V) measurements under AM 1.5 G illumination. The optimal short-circuit current density, open-circuit voltage, fill factor and power conversion efficiency were found to be 3.2 mA/cm(-2), 337 mV, 37.9 and 0.45%, respectively. The observed performance clearly indicates that the investigated device structure could be a promising candidate for high-performance low-cost new-generation photovoltaic diodes.Turkish Phys SocOmer Halisdemir University [FEB 2014/25-BAGEP, FEB 2014/26-BAGEP]F.A.A. and G.A. would like to give thanks to Research Projects Unit of Omer Halisdemir University (The Project Code: FEB 2014/25-BAGEP and The Project Code: FEB 2014/26-BAGEP) for the financial support
Prognosis of the decompressive craniectomy for stroke according to preoperative computed tomography
No full textAim: The aim of this study was to investigate the preoperative clinic and radiologic signs which affect the prognosis after decompressive craniectomy for stroke. Material and Method: We retrospectively analyzed the demographic and radiological images of patients who underwent decompressive craniectomy for internal carotid artery (ICA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA) strokes. Seventeen patients analyzed retrospectively between January 2012 and December 2015 at our hospital. Results: A total of 17 decompressive craniectomies were performed for supratentorial ischemic strokes: 3 (17.6%) ICA and 14 (82.4%) MCA stroke patients. There were 11 (64.7%) males and 6 (35.3%) females with a mean age of 59.35 +/- 15.39 years (range 20-83 years). There were 10 (58.9%) mortalities. Seven patients were discharged home. The patients' Glasgow Coma Scale, infarct type, dominant hemisphere side, preoperative cranial tomography shift, hemorrhagic transformation, basal cistern, transcalvarial herniation were analyzed. Basal cisterns of 8 (47.1%) patients were open, of 9 (52.9%) patients were closed before decompressive craniectomy. There was a statistically significant difference between mortality rate between open cistern versus closed basal cistern (p=0.029). Discussion: In our study, open cisterns were associated with good outcomes. Larger studies should be performed in the the future
Drift to Authoritarianism: The Changing Managerial Styles of the U.S. Executive Overseas
No full textThis study places emphasis upon the interaction of the internal and external environment of the firm with the use, choice personalities and contributions of executives operating in different environment and settings, The author concludes that the change in managerial style results in a shift in emphasis from employee orientation to task orientation, and from a participative approach to a more authoritarian approach© 1973 JIBS. Journal of International Business Studies (1973) 4, 1–14
Effects of thickness on electronic structure of titanium thin films
No full textEffects of thickness on the electronic structure of e-beam evaporated thin titanium films were studied using near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) technique at titanium L-2,L-3 edge in total electron yield (TEY) mode and transmission yield mode. Thickness dependence of L-2,L-3 branching ratio (BR) of titanium was investigated and it was found that BR below 3.5 nm shows a strong dependence on film thickness. Mean electron escape depth (lambda) in titanium, an important parameter for surface applications, was determined to be lambda = 2.6 +/- 0.1 nm using L-2,L-3 resonance intensity variation as a function of film thickness. The average L-3/L-2 white line intensity ratio of titanium was obtained as 0.89 from the ratio of amplitudes of each L-3 and L-2 peaks and 0.66 from the integrated area under each L-3 and L-2 peaks. In addition, a theoretical calculation for pure titanium was presented for comparison with experimental data.Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Basic Energy ScienceThe author is grateful to Profs Piero Pianetta, Herman Winick and staff at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL) for their excellent support, where NEXAFS experiments have been carried out. (SSRL) is supported by the Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Basic Energy Science
Communication Disturbance Observer Approach to Control of Integral Plant with Time Delay
No full textThe presence of time delay can cause stability problems in closed loop systems as it adds large negative phase angle to the system frequency response. The Smith predictor is a well-known method of dealing with fixed and known time delays in control systems. Errors in the knowledge of the time delay will cause degradation of the Smith predictor compensation performance. A solution to this problem is to use a communication disturbance observer. Time delayed integral plants are typical examples of open loop unstable systems with time delay. In this paper, the communication disturbance observer based time delay compensation method is applied to high order time delayed integral plants. A robust stability condition is derived for time delayed feedback control systems with the communication disturbance observer. The effect of the communication disturbance observer Q filter cut-off frequency selection on robust stability is investigated. Simulation results are presented for both constant and time varying delays to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed communication disturbance observer approach.TuBiTAK (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey) National Scholarship ProgrammeThe first author would like to thank the support of TuBiTAK (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey) National Scholarship Programme for PhD Students.Conference Proceedings Citation Index - Scienc
Optimal Power Flow Using Manta Ray Foraging Optimization
No full textThe optimal power flow (OPF) stands for the problem of specifying the best-operating levels for electric power plants in order to meet demands given throughout a transmission network, usually with the objective of minimizing operating cost. Recently, the OPF has become one of the most important problems for the economic operation of modern electrical power plants. The OPF problem is a non-convex, high-dimensional optimization problem, and powerful metaheuristic optimization algorithms are needed to solve it. In this paper, manta ray foraging optimization (MRFO) was used to solve the OPF problem which takes into account the prohibited operating zones (POZs). The performance of the MRFO was tested on IEEE 30-bus test system. The results obtained from the simulations were compared with well-known optimization algorithms in the literature. The comparative results showed that the MRFO method ensures high-quality solutions for the OPF problem. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
Cardio-Oncology: Cancer and Treatment-Related Cardiotoxicity and Imaging Methods for Assessment of Cardiotoxicity
No full textCardio-oncology is a new branch of cardiology that specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer-related and treatment-related cardiac disorders in patients with malignant disease. Being a highly aggressive form of malignancy, esophageal cancer is known to locally invade nearby cardiac structures and great veins, as well as metastasize to the pericardium and myocardium. The chemoradiotherapy regimens used to treat this aggressive form of cancer also expose patients to the risk of treatment-induced cardiac damage and dysfunction. Imaging modalities for the diagnosis and follow-up of cardiac dysfunction range from simple transthoracic echocardiography to advanced imaging modalities such as speckle-tracking echocardiography to cardiac MRI. This chapter summarizes available evidence on the diagnosis and management of cardiotoxicity related to esophageal cancer and its various treatments, as well as imaging modalities used to monitor cancer- and treatment-related cardiac dysfunction. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024
Customized Co-Simulation Environment for Autonomous Driving Algorithm Development and Evaluation
No full textIncreasing the implemented SAE level of autonomy in road vehicles requires
extensive simulations and verifications in a realistic simulation environment
before proving ground and public road testing. The level of detail in the
simulation environment helps ensure the safety of a real-world implementation
and reduces algorithm development cost by allowing developers to complete most
of the validation in the simulation environment. Considering sensors like
camera, LIDAR, radar, and V2X used in autonomous vehicles, it is essential to
create a simulation environment that can provide these sensor simulations as
realistically as possible. While sensor simulations are of crucial importance
for perception algorithm development, the simulation environment will be
incomplete for the simulation of holistic AV operation without being
complemented by a realistic vehicle dynamic model and traffic cosimulation.
Therefore, this paper investigates existing simulation environments, identifies
use case scenarios, and creates a cosimulation environment to satisfy the
simulation requirements for autonomous driving function development using the
Carla simulator based on the Unreal game engine for the environment, Sumo or
Vissim for traffic co-simulation, Carsim or Matlab, Simulink for vehicle
dynamics co-simulation and Autoware or the author or user routines for
autonomous driving algorithm co-simulation. As a result of this work, a
model-based vehicle dynamics simulation with realistic sensor simulation and
traffic simulation is presented. A sensor fusion methodology is implemented in
the created simulation environment as a use case scenario. The results of this
work will be a valuable resource for researchers who need a comprehensive
co-simulation environment to develop connected and autonomous driving
algorithms
