1,721,009 research outputs found
A Comparative Study of the "Tropical Highlands" : Utilization of the Great Altitudinal Differences in the Himalayas-Tibet and the Andes
No full text本稿は, 高度差利用と農耕牧畜の移動の問題に焦点を当て, 低緯度山岳地域である中部ヒマラヤ及びチベットと中央アンデスを比較したものである. 両地域の10 度以上の緯度の違いが, とりわけ牧畜の形態に大きな影響を与える. ヒマラヤのヤク・ゾムの牧畜では移牧が行なわれており, アンデスの牧畜は定牧(定住的牧畜)である. 両地域の農牧複合, 専業牧畜, チベットにおける多様な形態を総合すると, 「遊牧」「移牧」「定牧」「定牧移農」「移牧移農」「移牧定農」「定牧定農」という論理的に可能なすべてのタイプが出揃うことになる
Nomadic Pastoralism and Trade on Changtang Plateau in the Southeast Ladakh, India
No full text筆者は, 総合地球環境学研究所の「高所プロジェクト」の一環として, 2012年9月に短期間チャンタン高原のルプシュの遊牧民の調査を行った. チャンタンでは, 医学班が2011年に遊牧民の健診を実施している. そこで, 本調査では, その研究との連携を主目的とし, 遊牧の移動のパターン, 世帯, 住居, かつて行われていた交易とその衰退, また, その変化について論じた. ルプシュ遊牧民は, 一年を通して, 8ヶ所のキャンプ地を移動する. ルプシュでは, キャンプ地が固定しているだけでなく, その中でのテントサイトも固定する傾向にある. 石積みの半地下式テントサイトは, 寒さを防ぎ少しでも快適に生活するための工夫である. ラダークのチャンパは, 以前は遊牧と交易によって生計を立ててきた. 遊牧については, 基本的なシステムは継承されている. 一方, かつて行われていた, 北のチベット, 西のザンスカル, 南のヒマチャル・プラデーシュへとゆく長距離のキャラバン交易は, 約15年前に消滅した. その背景は, 中国との国境紛争, 舗装道路の開通, 政府による食糧配給による援助, さらに, レーの都市の拡大・観光化や軍の需要などによる市場経済化である. 交易の消滅に伴って, ルプシュの遊牧民の活動は以前よりも軽減した. またオオムギに大幅に依存していた食生活は, 配給制度によって食材の多様性が増すなどの変化が起こっている.This article describes the research of nomad's life in Rupshu community on Changtang plateau which was conducted as a part of the project; Human Life, Aging, and Disease in High-Altitude Environments: Physiomedical, Ecological and Cultural Adaptation in the Great "Highland Civilizations" at the Research Institute of Humanity and Nature in September 2012. A medical team of the project had carried out health-checkup of the nomads on Changtang plateau in 2011. This research aimed to collaborate with the medical research for the further understanding of the lifestyle of nomads, such as patterns of nomadic migration, family unit, camping place, traditional barter system and its declination and changes in their lifestyle. Rupshu-pa, the nomads in the Rupshu community, move to eight camp sites in a year. Their camping areas are fixed even though they are moving. Moreover, their tent sites are also fixed. They usually use the same halfbasements with piled stones every year, and set the tents on them. Chang-pa, people on Changtang plateau, used to live by nomadic pastoralism and trade. They continue the original system of the pastoralism still today. On the other hand, the long-distance "caravan trade" which used to travel to Tibet to the north, Zanskar to the west, and Himachal Pradesh to the south, disappeared about 15 years before. Backgrounds of the disappeared caravan trade were the border dispute with China, the newly-opened paved road, food aids by the government, and the transition to a market economy caused by the rapid urban growth of Leh, with expanding tourism and military needs. Rupshu-pa reduced their nomadic activities along with the disappearing caravan trade. Their dietary style had been changing to get various foods by the government's aids, from the traditional diet largely depended on barley
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Changes in the Life and Society of the Raute Hunter-gatherers of Western Nepal
No full textIn the western part of Nepal there is a people called the Raute, who practice a nomadic lifestyle of hunting and gathering in the forest. The men hunt monkeys, and the women collect wild plants. They also make vessels and other wooden items from trees cut in the forest, and exchange them with farmers for rice and other crops. The authors did fieldwork among the Raute from November 2007 until December 2010, visiting their camps in the forest a number of times. In this article we first introduce their traditional life and society, based on some studies realized in the late 1990's and published in Nepal, then describe the rapid changes of their lives in recent years that are evident from our fieldwork and analyze the social background of those changes. Individual Raute people now receive money through government aid, and as a result the market economy is entering into Raute society. This has led to a decline in the authority of the Mukiya or Raute leader. In 1996 a Maoist group began fighting against the government, declaring the equality of minorities such as indigenous peoples, lower castes, and women. After 10 years of battle, they reached a peace agreement and the Maoist party joined the government. Through the influence of these developments "extremely small ethnic groups" such as the Raute came to form a single political group, and the Raute became famous as "the last hunters of Nepal". These are the reasons why the Raute now receive aid from the government. The Raute call themselves "kings of the forest", and want to live freely in the forest. The king of Nepal gave them the right to live freely and use the resources of the forest. But the king was expelled in 2008. Moreover, a "community forest" system, whereby the residents of each region have the right to manage and use the resources of forests in their region, was established in 1992, leading to increasing conflict between Raute and local residents. This system is making it difficult for the Raute to live freely in the forest. All these interrelated political, social, and economic factors are forcing the Raute to change and adapt, and are creating disturbances in their life and society
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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