9,757 research outputs found
Proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 mediates gonadotropin-releasing hormone signaling to a specific extracellularly regulated kinase-sensitive transcriptional locus in the luteinizing hormone beta-subunit gene
Get PDFG protein-coupled receptor regulation of gene transcription primarily occurs through the phosphorylation of transcription factors by MAPKs. This requires transduction of an activating signal via scaffold proteins that can ultimately determine the outcome by binding signaling kinases and adapter proteins with effects on the target transcription factor and locus of activation. By investigating these mechanisms, we have elucidated how pituitary gonadotrope cells decode an input GnRH signal into coherent transcriptional output from the LH beta-subunit gene promoter. We show that GnRH activates c-Src and multiple members of the MAPK family, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase 1/2, p38MAPK, and ERK1/2. Using dominant-negative point mutations and chemical inhibitors, we identified that calcium-dependent proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 specifically acts as a scaffold for a focal adhesion/cytoskeleton-dependent complex comprised of c-Src, Grb2, and mSos that translocates an ERK-activating signal to the nucleus. The locus of action of ERK was specifically mapped to early growth response-1 (Egr-1) DNA binding sites within the LH beta-subunit gene proximal promoter, which was also activated by p38MAPK, but not c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase 1/2. Egr-1 was confirmed as the transcription factor target of ERK and p38MAPK by blockade of protein expression, transcriptional activity, and DNA binding. We have identified a novel GnRH-activated proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2-dependent ERK-mediated signal transduction pathway that specifically regulates Egr-1 activation of the LH beta-subunit proximal gene promoter, and thus provide insight into the molecular mechanisms required for differential regulation of gonadotropin gene expression
Virus induced gene silencing in Antirrhinum majus using the Cucumber mosaic virus vector : Functional analysis of the AINTEGUMENTA (Am-ANT) gene of A. majus
Get PDFThe Arabidopsis gene AINTEGUMENTA (At-ANT) functions in cell proliferation and organ growth. The ANT protein has two copies of the AP2 domains, R1 and R2. Recently, a partial cDNA sequence of the At-ANT homolog in Antirrhinum majus (Am-ANT) was reported (Delgado-Benarroch et al., 2009). Here, we used virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) to analyze the function of the reported Am-ANT. We then determine the open reading frame (ORF) of Am-ANT and its predicted amino acid sequence. We induced VIGS using Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV-A1) and suppressed the level of Am-ANT mRNA and noted any phenotypic changes. The function of Am-ANT was very similar to that of At-ANT. The A1:ANT-infected Antirrhinum plants had smaller floral organs and leaves, even though cell sizes were unchanged in flowers and larger in leaves. The CMV-based VIGS showed that the cloned Am-ANT gene was indeed functional in cell proliferation and organ growth as observed for At-ANT. In A. majus, CMV vector provide great advantages for analysis of gene functions
First variation formula in Wasserstein spaces over compact Alexandrov spaces
No full textWe extend results proved by the second author (Amer. J. Math., 2009) for nonnegatively curved Alexandrov spaces to general compact Alexandrov spaces X with curvature bounded below. The gradient flow of a geodesically convex functional on the quadratic Wasserstein space (P(X),W_2) satisfies the evolution variational inequality. Moreover, the gradient flow enjoys uniqueness and contractivity. These results are obtained by proving a first variation formula for the Wasserstein distance. © Canadian Mathematical Society 2011
Quantum Spin Glasses, Quantum Annealing and Probabilistic Information Processing
Get PDFRecent results obtained by the author about probabilistic information processing using quantum-mechanical fluctuation are reported. This volume was published as a part of proceedings of the workshop "quantum annealing and the other optimization methods" in Kolkata 2005.Springerから2005年度に出版された"Quantum Annealing and Related Optimization Methods"のうちの著者が担当した1章です。量子力学的揺らぎを用いた最適化手法であるQuantum Annealingとその関連手法を確率的情報処理に適用した場合に得られたいくつかの結果について紹介・解説しています。この研究課題のその後の進捗状況については著者のホームページを参照願います。http://www005.upp.so-net.ne.jp/j_inoue/index.htmlhttp://chaosweb.complex.eng.hokudai.ac.jp/~j_inoue
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Cardio-Oncology: From Bench to Bedside
No full textThis eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contac
Jia ru ju he wu dui jun yun tuan liu ji jun yun tuan liu dui liu de ying xiang
No full textWong, Chai Kwok = 加入聚合物對均勻湍流及均勻湍流對流的影響 / 黃濟國.Thesis M.Phil. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2013.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 89-91).Abstracts also in Chinese.Title from PDF title page (viewed on 01, November, 2016).Wong, Chai Kwok = Jia ru ju he wu dui jun yun tuan liu ji jun yun tuan liu dui liu de ying xiang / Huang Jiguo
Author Correction: Manipulating anion intercalation enables a high-voltage aqueous dual ion battery
No full textThe original version of this Article did not acknowledge Prof. Jun Fan as a corresponding author. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.link_to_subscribed_fulltex
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