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Pengaruh Kinetin dan BAP terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Perkembangan Embrio Somatik Tanaman Sagu (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.)
No full text<p>Effect of Kinetin and BAP to Growth and Development of<br />Somatic Embryos of Sago Palm (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.).<br />Imron Riyadi. Somatic embryos induction in sago palm<br />(Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) have succesfully developed. Kinds<br />and concentration of plant growth regulators (PGR’s)<br />influence to growth and development of somatic embryos.<br />The research was conducted to determine the optimal concentration<br />of BAP and kinetin for proliferation, maturation<br />and germination of sago palm somatic embryos. Cotyledonstage<br />of somatic embryo derived from shoot tip cultures<br />cultured on Modified Murashige-Skoog (MMS) with halfstrength<br />macro-salts and added with 30 g/l sucrose, 2 g/l<br />gelrite, 1 g/l activated charcoal. pH of media was adjusted at<br />5.6 before sterilized. The media were supplemented with<br />0.1-2.0 mg/l BAP and 0.1-2.0 mg/l kinetin in combination with<br />0.01 mg/l ABA each for supporting growth and development.<br />The cultures was incubated at 26+1oC under a 12-h<br />photoperiod with lighting providing an intensity 20 μmoles<br />photons/m2/second for 11 weeks with replication 10 times.<br />The results showed that the highest of somatic embryo<br />proliferation was achieved in a culture medium with BAP at<br />0.5 mg/l + 0.01 mg/l ABA with an expression rate of 94%, the<br />best maturation at 1.0 mg/l kinetin + 0.01 mg/l ABA with an<br />expression rate of 93.5% and the most germination at 2.0<br />mg/l kinetin + 0.01 mg/l ABA with an expression rate of<br />100%. Transfer of these germinants to gelled media without<br />PGR’s led to the development of normal plantlets.</p></jats:p
Proliferasi Kalus dan Induksi Embriogenesis Somatik Tanaman Sagu (Metroxylon saguRottb.) Menggunakan Tiga Metode Kultur: Sistem Perendaman Sesaat, Suspensi dan Media Padat
No full text<p><strong>Proliferasi Kalus dan Induksi Embriogenesis Somatik Tanaman Sagu (<em>Metroxylon sagu</em>Rottb.) Menggunakan Tiga </strong><strong>Metode</strong><strong> Kultur: Sistem Perendaman Sesaat, </strong><strong>S</strong><strong>uspensi</strong></p><p><strong> dan Media Padat</strong><strong>. Imron Riyadi, Djoko Santoso, Bambang S. Purwoko dan Darda Efendi.</strong><strong> </strong>Metode kultur in vitro yang tepat akan meningkatkan efektifitas dan efisiensi pada proses penggandaan kalus maupun induksi embriogenesis somatik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan pengaruh metode kultur dan konsentrasi 2,4-D dalam proses penggandaan kalus maupun induksi embryogenesis somatic. Bahan tanam atau eksplan awal yang digunakan adalah kalus remah hasil induksi dari kultur meristem pucuk tunas anakan sagu. Kalus tersebut dikulturkan pada media Murashige dan Skoog modifikasi dengan penambahan 2,4-D 5,0 – 15,0 mg/L dikombinasikan dengan kinetin 0,1 mg/L yang menggunakan tiga metode kultur yaitu kultur suspensi, sistem perendaman sesaat (SPS) dan media padat, sehingga terdapat 12 kombinasi perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bobot segar kalus tertinggi sebesar 12,0 g/bejana yang dicapai pada perlakuan S D15K0,1 (kultur suspensi dengan konsentrasi ZPT berupa 2,4-D 15,0 mg/L dikombinasikan dengan kinetin 0,1 g/L). Perolehan jumlah embrio somatic tertinggi dicapai pada perlakuan S D5K0,1 (kultur suspensi dengan konsentrasi ZPT berupa 2,4-D 5,0 mg/L dikombinasikan dengan kinetin 0,1 g/L) sebesar 384,7 buah/bejana. Daya hidup kultur sagu terbaik dan tertinggi diperoleh pada metode kultur suspensi pada semua perlakuan konsentrasi 2,4-D yang mencapai 100%. Selama proses induksi embrio somatic, terjadi perubahan warna kalus dari sebagian besar kekuningan menjadi krem dan putih-kekuningan.</p></jats:p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Isolasi Protoplas secara Enzimatis pada Tanaman Kecipir
No full text<p>The<br />kind and concentration of enzyme that appropriate affected<br />isolation process and result of plant protoplast. The research<br />was conducted to enhance the protoplast rendements of winged<br />bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus L.) that was isolated by<br />Cellulase RS and Macerozyme R-10 enzyme as single and its<br />combination in a solution. Concentrations of enzyme used<br />were as much as 2.0-3.0% w/v for Cellulase RS and 0.4-0.6%<br />w/v for Macerozyme R-10. The solution containt mannitol 25<br />mM as an osmotycum. Isolation process was done on shaker<br />with 50 rpm (rotation per minute) speed in dark room for 5<br />hours. Results showed that C3 treatment (concentration of<br />Cellulase RS enzyme as much as 3.0% w/v) resulted<br />protoplasts density 3.49 x 105 protoplasts/g fresh weight of<br />hypocotyl and M2 treatment (concentration of Macerozyme R-<br />10 enzyme as much as 0.5% w/v) resulted 3.19 x 105<br />protoplasts/g. Whereas the best combined enzymes treatment<br />was achieved by C3M2 (combination between Cellulase RS as<br />much as 3.0% and Macerozyme R-10 enzyme as much as 0.5%<br />w/v) which resulted protoplasts density 4.94 x 105<br />protoplasts/g fresh weight of hypocotyl. The protoplast was<br />intact and viable.</p></jats:p
Isolasi Protoplas Tanaman Kacang Panjang secara Enzimatis
No full text<p>The technique, kind and concentration of enzyme that were appro-priate and optimum affected the isolation process and rendement result of plant protoplasts. A research was conducted to enhance the protoplast rendements of long bean (Vigna sinensis, L.) that was isolated by enzyme Cellulase RS and Macerozyme R-10 as single and combination in a solution. Concentrations of enzyme were used as much as 2.0-3.0% w/v for Cellulase RS and 0.4-0.6% w/v for Macerozyme R-10. Those solutions contain mannitol 25 mM as osmotycum. Isolation process was done on shaker with 50 rpm (rotation per minute) speed in dark room for 3 hours. Results show that C3 treatment (concentration of Cellulase RS enzyme as much as 3.0% w/v) yielded protoplasts density 17.40 x 105 protoplasts/ g fresh weight of mesophyl and M2 treatment (concentration of Macerozyme R-10 enzyme as much as 0.5% w/v) resulted 17.46 x 105 protoplasts/g. As a whole, the best treat-ment was achieved by C2M2 (combination between Cellulase RS as much as 2.5% and Macerozyme R-10 enzyme as much as 0.5% w/v) which resulted protoplasts density 32.67 x 105 protoplasts/g fresh weight of mesophyl</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Teknik, jenis, dan konsentrasi enzim yang tepat dan optimum berpengaruh dalam proses isolasi dan hasil rendemen protoplas tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan rendemen protoplas kacang panjang (Vigna sinensis L.) yang diisolasi dengan enzim Cellulase RS dan Macerozyme R-10 secara individu dan penggabungan dua enzim dalam satu larutan. Konsentrasi enzim yang digunakan adalah 2,0-3,0% b/v untuk Cellulase RS dan 0,4-0,6% b/v untuk Macerozyme R-10. Zat osmotikum yang digunakan adalah mannitol 25 mM. Proses isolasi dilakukan di atas gyotoric shaker dengan kecepatan 50 ppm (putaran per menit) dalam kondisi gelap selama 3 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan C3 (konsentrasi enzim Cellulase RS 3,0% b/v) menghasilkan densitas 17,40 x 105 protoplas/g dan perlakuan M2 (konsentrasi enzim Macerozyme R-10 0,5% b/v) menghasilkan densitas 17,46 x 105 protoplas/g berat segar mesofil daun. Secara keseluruhan, perlakuan terbaik dicapai oleh C2M2 (konsentrasi enzim Cellulase RS 2,5% dan enzim Macerozyme R-10 0,5% b/v) yang menghasilkan densitas 32,67 x 105 protoplas/g berat segar mesofil daun.</p></jats:p
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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