84 research outputs found
The application of Shari’ah and international human rights law in Saudi Arabia
No full textThis thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and was awarded by Brunel UniversityThe present dissertation provides an analytical and comparative study of the application of Islamic law (Shari’ah) and international human rights law in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It provides an analysis of the sources of Islamic law as well as the sources of international law to set the background for analysis and defines the nature of both laws. It also tackles the subject of the domestic application of international human treaties in Saudi Arabia.
In addition, it examines some reservations Saudi Arabia has entered to some of the international human rights treaties it has ratified, specifically the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) and the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC). It also sheds some light on the political, cultural and religious obstacles to the realisation of norms protected by international human rights treaties in the country, and in other countries for that matter, clearly stating the impossibility of implementing the provisions of the international human rights treaties in their entirety. This is due to the various political and legal developments towards the internationalization of the concept of human rights. It observes that despite the existence of the international human rights treaties, which aim at reinforcing a universal realisation of international human rights, these rights cannot be possibly realised by all countries.
To stress the importance Saudi Arabia attaches to the issue of human rights, the dissertation discusses some rights of women before Saudi courts in family matters, an issue which has been criticised by some international human rights treaties, and examines to what extent the country has managed to tackle the issue of domestic violence, particularly violence against women. It provides an overview of the major causes of domestic violence against women in Saudi Arabia, presents some cases of domestic violence before Saudi courts and sheds some light on the measures taken by the Saudi government to combat domestic violence against women. It also tackles this issue both in the international and domestic legal frameworks, clearly stating the Islamic standpoint on the issue, namely that Islamic law, and Saudi Arabia for that matter, whose laws are essentially derived from the two main sources of Shari’ah. It also discusses the common forms of violence against women in Saudi Arabia and suggests a number of recommendations towards more effective protection of women against violence in the country.
The dissertation concludes by presenting a number of obstacles in the way of executing judicial decisions in the Kingdom as well as the obstacles which negatively affect the performance of the new code of law practice. It also presents some recommendations concerning personal status law obstacles and hindrances to progress and attempts to answer the research questions it has posed
Malaysian pineapple (Yankee) leaf fiber composites damage investigation using non-destructive techniques
No full textIn Malaysia, there are abundant agricultural wastes generated from 15,000
hectares of pineapple plantation. The current study focuses on fully utilising the
pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) extracted from the Yankee variant sourced from a
plantation in Telok Panglima Garang as a reinforcement material in composite,
hence converting the agriculture waste into a potentially useful and sustainable
resource. The physical, chemical, thermal, as well as mechanical properties of
untreated and silane treated PALF were investigated in this study. Three types
of composites, pineapple leaf fiber composite (P), pineapple leaf fiber/glass
fiber composite (GPG), glass fiber composite (GGGG) were evaluated for low
velocity impact (LVI) properties. Visual inspection, computed tomography (CT)
scan, digital detector array (DDA) radiography and infrared (IR) thermography
techniques were applied to detect the damage evolution of the impacted
composites. The broad peaks at 1317.81 and 1100 cm-1 of the Attenuated
Total Reflectance (ATR) analytical graph indicate silane compound bonding
with PALF. In addition, there are no significant changes to the configuration of
the silane’s treated PALF due to its crystallinity. Treated PALF displays thermal
stability improvement by 5.9%, with degradation occurring at the temperature of
360°C. The surface area of the treated PALF displays broader peaks,
indicating greater surface roughness compared to untreated PALF. The tensile
strength test on single fiber shows PALF display highest tensile strength when
treated for three hours compared to one and five hours respectively. The
untreated PALF composite (UT-PALFC) possess 7.1% higher storage modulus
than treated PALF composite (T-PALFC), indicating untreated fiber attribute to
high dynamic property in composite. Meanwhile, the thermomechanical
analysis shows the sequence of linear coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE)
of the treated and untreated fiber composites as follows: T-PALFC > Neat
epoxy > UT-PALFC. On the other hand, the low impact analysis shows three
varying impact energy ranges at 1-2J, 2-9J and 9-12J for P, GPG, GGGG
respectively. The addition of glass fiber in GPG composites further delayed
damage initiation time and propagation throughout the sample by about 8.5%
compared to GGGG composite as shown in LVI. Visual inspections as
captured in photographic images show different damage modes in the
presence of woven fiberglass mat in GPG compared to P. CT-scan images
show significant cross-section cracks on impacted GPG and GGGG
composites compared to P. Compared to IR thermography technique that only
shows the general area of damage, the DDA radiography captures significant
surface damages on impacted P, GPG and GGGG composites. For example,
the DDA captures significant damage in GPG at 9J with an area of 84% less
than IR thermography. However, CT-scan, DDA radiography and IR
thermography failed to capture occurrence of surface delamination as observed
in visual inspection. This shows that the NDT techniques used in this research
need to be complimented with other tools for clearer interpretation of the extent
impacted damage in composite. Overall, the newly developed hybrid GPG
composite shows great potential in structural applications such as drone
because of its favourable impact resistance properties
Formations of Antidoxy: Michael Muhammad Knight, Progressive Muslims, and the Islam of the Self
No full textMichael Muhammad Knight is known primarily as a provocative author concerned with the North American Islamic community. Knight gained attention with his 2004 novel, The Taqwacores, in which he detailed the lives of Islamic punk rockers, the eponymous taqwacores, as they navigated issues pertaining to religion, punk rock, youth, and life in Western modernity. Much of Knight's other writing is concerned with his own life, religion, and religious struggles, all of which are likewise represented in his fiction as well. Implicit throughout the totality of Knight's body of work is his desire to change the Islamic tradition so that it is able to better benefit individual practitioners. In a noteworthy 2003 essay, Knight argued that we should "forget what is and is not Islam," suggesting that it should be up to individual practitioners to determine what Islam is and is not. In this thesis, I argue that this statement is part of a larger program of reform, advanced by Knight and a group of progressive Muslims in the academy, that takes as its goal, the remaking of the Islamic tradition such that individual religious practitioners cannot be held responsible for any adherence to notions of orthodoxy and orthopraxy outside of their own personal preferences. Knight's reformation ideas would put an end to the meaningful use of authoritative models apart from the selves of individual Muslims. Thus, Islam would be completely divested of meaningful authority, and would become an Islam of the Self, founded on what I have termed an antidoxy. I argue this through close readings and discursive analyses of Knight's body of work, and through careful examination of the relationships between Knight, the progressive Muslims movement, and their approaches to understanding Islam as a part of the multicultural milieu of secular Western societies. I also provide a detailed analysis of the similarities and intersections between Knight's work and the literature of the progressive Muslims, and I consider the relationships between punk rock, authority, and freedom. I further supplement my argument with insights culled from the work of Talal Asad, and investigations into the construction of Arabic verbs
Formations of Antidoxy: Michael Muhammad Knight, Progressive Muslims, and the Islam of the Self
No full textMichael Muhammad Knight is known primarily as a provocative author concerned with the North American Islamic community. Knight gained attention with his 2004 novel, The Taqwacores, in which he detailed the lives of Islamic punk rockers, the eponymous taqwacores, as they navigated issues pertaining to religion, punk rock, youth, and life in Western modernity. Much of Knight's other writing is concerned with his own life, religion, and religious struggles, all of which are likewise represented in his fiction as well. Implicit throughout the totality of Knight's body of work is his desire to change the Islamic tradition so that it is able to better benefit individual practitioners. In a noteworthy 2003 essay, Knight argued that we should "forget what is and is not Islam," suggesting that it should be up to individual practitioners to determine what Islam is and is not. In this thesis, I argue that this statement is part of a larger program of reform, advanced by Knight and a group of progressive Muslims in the academy, that takes as its goal, the remaking of the Islamic tradition such that individual religious practitioners cannot be held responsible for any adherence to notions of orthodoxy and orthopraxy outside of their own personal preferences. Knight's reformation ideas would put an end to the meaningful use of authoritative models apart from the selves of individual Muslims. Thus, Islam would be completely divested of meaningful authority, and would become an Islam of the Self, founded on what I have termed an antidoxy. I argue this through close readings and discursive analyses of Knight's body of work, and through careful examination of the relationships between Knight, the progressive Muslims movement, and their approaches to understanding Islam as a part of the multicultural milieu of secular Western societies. I also provide a detailed analysis of the similarities and intersections between Knight's work and the literature of the progressive Muslims, and I consider the relationships between punk rock, authority, and freedom. I further supplement my argument with insights culled from the work of Talal Asad, and investigations into the construction of Arabic verbs
Stream Processing System for Product Quality Prediction using Sensor data: Distributed data Processing
No full textComputer Scienc
Structural Health Monitoring: Sensing Device Technology in Recent Industrial Applications
No full textRecent Advancements in the Architecting Schemes of Zinc Oxide-Based Photocatalytic Assemblies
No full textNew Exact Solutions for an Oldroyd-B Fluid with Fractional Derivatives: Stokes' First Problem
No full textBiodegradation by Co‐inoculated Bacteria and Fungi Alleviates Adverse Effects of Red‐S3B on Growth and Nitrogen Uptake of Wheat
No full textA short review on the recent progress and properties of pineapple leaf fiber reinforced composite
No full textBecause of the increase in demand and the enhancement of environmental awareness, researchers are committed to the research and development of innovative, high-performance, and low-cost green materials, especially since there is a large amount the study of natural fiber reinforced composite materials. An abundance of waste of pineapple leaves in Malaysia every year. If pineapple leaf fibers (PALF) can be extracted from the waste of pineapple leaves and made into green composites, it can not only solve the agricultural waste but also produce environment-friendly green composite materials to be applied in related industries. The main purpose of this review is to give an overview of recent developments in PALF reinforced composites as well as their properties. In this short review, the characteristics of PALF and its composites, the mechanical properties and the environmental impact of PALF reinforced composite are studied. In the future, with the increasing research on PALF, selection of different composite materials and design of appropriate structures, the performance of PALF reinforced composites will significantly be improved, and thus has great potential to be widely used in product production and manufacturing
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