81 research outputs found
The effect of Proteus mirabilis isolated from human urinary tract infections on the morphology of the rat kidney
No full textProteus mirabilis has previously been shown to be capable of persisting in the rat kidney for up to 8 weeks and induces many physiological changes following a single inoculation of the urinary bladder. The present study examined kidney tissue from infected animals for evidence
of renal damage.The earliest histologic changes seen on the 2nd and 4th days, consisted of mild cellular sloughing and edema associated with mononuclear infiltration in the medulla and to a lesser extent in the cortex. On the 1st and following weeks, tubular atrophy, interstitial fibrosis, and a mononuclear infiltrate had advanced in the renal parenchyma re-sulting in chronic pyelonephritis. The observed renal degenerations with a corresponding ascending bacterial infection in the intra-renal reflux suggest that Proteus mirabilis is capable of producing chronic pyelonephritis in the rats after a single reflux challenge.
Key Words: Kidney, Proteus mirabilis, Pyelonephritis, Rats, Urinary tract
Studies on the action of Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) seed extract against some biological properties of King Copra (Ohiophagus Hannah) venom
No full textAnnually it has been reported that there are 1.25 million deaths due to snake bite. With the aims of finding herbal remedies that could work synergistically with ant-snack venom, many studies were conducted. It has been shown that ethanolic extract of Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) seed (TSE) has inhibitory effects against lethal action of Vipera russelli and Doboia russelli siamensis. Thus the action of TSE on some biological properties of King Copra (Ohiophagus Hannah) venom (KCV) was studied. KCV was injected subcutaneously into skin of mice and after30 minutes and one hour. TSE was injected subcutaneously near the same site where the venom was injected. None of the mice died, however 4 out of 5 mice of the control group die. To test the effects of myonecrotic action, KCV was injected into the thigh muscles and after one hour, TSE was injected near the same site. Out of 4 mice of each group, 2 mice die before 24 hour. After 24 hour of venom injection, serum creatinine kinase enzyme activity of the surviving mice was measured. The enzyme activity of the TSE treated group was lower than that of the venom control group, but was not statistically significant. Histological study of the muscle was also conducted and found that TSE treated group showed less muscle necrosis than the control group. Thus TSE can neutralize some biological properties of the KCF
Diabetic induced mice treated with olive leaves (Olea europaea) aqueous extract
No full textDue to the widespread prevalence of diabetes and the severity of complication, extensive research are underway to find more effective remedies to improve the life of those affected by the disease. Diabetes mellitus is chronic disease caused by inhered and/or acquired deficiency in production of insulin by the pancreas which results in increase concentration of blood glucose level (1).The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of the aqueous extract of Olea europaea on serum glucose level and histopathological changes in islets of Langerhans in an induced-diabetic mellitus in mice (2, 3). Animals were anaesthetized by diethyl ether after fasting for up to 13 hours and on day 7, 14, 21 and 28 the blood specimens were collected and the serum separated. Serum glucose levels were determined by the glucose oxidase method. The pancreas was excised, fixed in the Boon’s solution and processed for histological studies. The results showed that administration of the aqueous extract exhibited a significant increase in the average size of islets of Langerhans of the streptozotocin diabetic animals, while the treatment with Olea europaea aqueous extract showed a marked reduction in the islet size.
1.Sexton WJ, Jarow JP. J.Urology, 1997; 49: 508-515.
2.Hardman JG, Limbird LE. The Pharmacological basis of Therapeutics. 10th Ed. New York. 2011; P 1399.
3.Weir GC, Clore ET, Zmachinski CJ, Bonner-Weir S. Diabetes. 1981; 30: 590-595
Mnemonic and histopathological assessment of the neuroprotective effects of Murraya koenigii leaves extract in rats with partial global cerebral ischaemia
Get PDFPreclinical studies have reported that Murraya koenigii leaves (MKL) could enhance
memory. MKL is also known for its antioxidant activity. The current study was to assess the possible
neuroprotective potential of MKL methanolic extract in a two vessel occlusion (2VO) rat model of partial
global cerebral ischaemia. Methods: Rats were divided into memory and learning groups. Each group was
subdivided into sham control, untreated 2VO and MKL-treated 2VO subgroups. The Morris water maze test
was implemented to assess the rats’ cognitive function postoperatively. Brain samples were
histopathologically examined for viable neurons within the CA1 hippocampal region. Results: Water maze
test findings showed that MKL positively improved memory and learning impairments. However, this
improvement in memory test for the treated group was still significantly inferior to that of the healthy
control group. Additionally, MKL treated group exhibited insignificant difference in the number of viable
hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons from that of the untreated 2VO group, whereas both MKL treated and
untreated 2VO groups showed significantly less viable neurons when compared with the control group.
Conclusion: MKL extract modestly improved memory without providing substantial neuroprotective
action to the hippocampal neurons in rats with chronic partial global cerebral ischaemia
Chronic khat consumption and its effect on ovarian structure in mice and their offspring
No full textKhat is considered a psychoactive drug and has many side effects on different parts of the body organs. In this
study the effects of khat on ovarian structure in parental mice and their offspring were investigated. Twelve
male and twelve female mice were given orally a dose of 50mg/kg body weight of khat extract by gastric
gavage for 4 and 8 weeks. After four weeks of treatment, the male and female mice were allowed to mate.
Khat treatment continued for the male mice and for the female mice during pregnancy and after giving birth to
their offsprings up to 8 weeks. Adult offspring and their parent were killed at the 4th and 8th weeks of treatment.
Histological examination of the ovaries showed many corpus luteum and developing Graafi an follicles with
mononuclear infi ltration
The Effect of Flaxseed Ethanolic Extract on the Structure of the Kidney and the Endocrine Pancreas in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats
Get PDFBackground: The present investigation has been designed to study the possible protective effect of flaxseed extract on the structures of the endocrine pancreas and kidneys of streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats for 30 days. Methods: Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into five groups (n = 8). Normal control group (NC); received distilled water orally, normal flaxseed group (NF); treated orally with (400 mg/kg) extract of flaxseed, diabetic control group (DC); treated with single intraperitoneal dose of STZ (60 mg/kg), diabetic flaxseed group (DF); diabetic rats treated with extract of flaxseed (400 mg/kg), diabetic glibenclamide group (DG); diabetic rats treated with (0.6 mg/kg) glibenclamide. Results: Histological observation of sections in pancreas in DC group revealed shrunken islets of Langerhans with degenerated and degranulated β -cells, vacuolations and congested capillaries while sections of kidneys showed shrinkage of some glomeruli and degeneration of others with wide urinary space and hydropic degeneration in some tubular epithelial cells, dilated tubules and cell debris scattered in tubular lumina. These pathological changes were ameliorated in the flaxseed extract and glibenclamide treated rats. Conclusions: It is concluded that flaxseed extract may represent a good alternative treatment for management of diabetes and its related complications such as diabetic nephropathy
The effects of dexamethasone on Tibia development of local chick-Embryo. I: computer-assisted morphometric study
No full textDexamethasone is a glucocorticoid as a member of the steroidal anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant. It has well documented effects on skeletal structures osseous and cartilaginous, commonly used to treat or control diseases.
Objective
To evaluate by histomorphometric study the effects of dexamethasone on the embryogenesis of long bones in chick embryos.
Methods
Forty-eight fertile chick eggs of Gallus gallus domesticus, were used. The eggs were divided into 2 groups; control and treated groups of 24 eggs each, these groups were subdivided into 4 subgroups (n=6 eggs). On day 10 of incubation, the control group was injected with 25 μl of distilled water while the treated group was injected with 25 μl of distilled water contained 8 μg dexamethasone. In the next days (11, 12, 13, and 14 of incubation), 12 chick embryos were sacrificed in each day. A computer-assisted morphometric/ image analysis (Motic Image Plus version 2.0ML), was used to measure length, area, perimeter of tibiae, and the area and perimeter of the perichondral osseous collar of cross section in mid-diaphyseal zone of these bones.
Results
These bones of chick embryos treated with dexamethasone, suffered shortening and retardation in length, weight, area and perimeter throughout the period of this study, decline area and perimeter to the perichondral osseous collar in the mid-diaphyseal zone.
Conclusion
Dexamethasone given at day 10 of incubation caused tibial bones growth retardation at development stages 11, 12, 13, and 14-days; this was observed in the measured parameters: bone length, area, perimeter and weight
The effect of Aqueous Olive Leaves Extract on the Pancreatic Islets of Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes Mellitus in mice
Get PDFThe objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of the aqueous crude extract of Olea europaea on
serum glucose level and histopathological changes in islets of Langerhans in an induced-diabetic mellitus in
mice. The experimental recommended 60 male mice were divided into three groups contained 20 mice each. The
fi rst group was the control and they were given normal saline pH 7.0. The second group was intraperitoneally
injected by a dose of 100mg/Kg of STZ and 10% glucose instead of normal drinking water over the 24 hours
followed the treatment. The third group was injected intraperitoneally with 100mg/kg STZ and orally given
0.33g/ Kg aqueous extract of olive leaves everyday for four weeks. Blood specimens were collected, and
the serum separated and stored at 4OC until it is used. The animals were dissected and the pancreatic tissues
were obtained, the tissue specimens were fi xed in the Boun’s solution for 24 hr, and processed for histological
studies. There was a signifi cant increase in blood glucose level of the STZ- diabetic mice by the fi rst week of
injection with STZ in comparison with control group. A signifi cant decrease in blood glucose level occurred
in the STZ-diabetic group treated with Olea europaea aqueous extract. Islets of langerhans are hypertrophied
in the STZ-diabetic group and this hypertrophy showed a signifi cant increased in the average of islets size at
the last week, while the treatment with Olea europaea aqueous extract showed a reduction of the islet size
compared with the islets of the STZ –diabetic Mic
Effect of methotrexate onsStillbirth, weight of mice embryos and histopathological changes of embryonic liver
No full textMethotrexate (MTX) is a folic acid antagonist, which is widely used as a cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agent for
malignancies as well as for the treatment of psoriasis, rheumatic diseases and cancer. On another hand, it might
cause serious or life-threatening toxicities on liver, lungs, kidney, and immune system. The present study was
conducted to assess the harmful effect of the low dose of MTX on the stillbirth, weight of the mice embryos,
and to determine the histopathological changes of the embryonic liver during two gestational ages. Thirty mice
were divided into to three groups, of 10 pregnant mice each. The fi rst group (G1) was injected low dose of
MTX (0.02 mg/kg), at days 4, 5 and, 6 of gestation. The second group (G2) injected by same dose of MTX
at days 14, 15 and 16. The third group (G3) served a control group and injected with 0.5 ml of normal saline.
Pregnant rats sacrifi ced on gestational day 7 and 17 of gestation. Embryo weight and incidence of intrauterine
death were recorded. Twenty mice embryos were fi xed in the Bouin fi xative and processed for histological
study. The result showed a signifi cant (P< 0.05) decrease in embryos’ weight at days 7 and a highly signifi cant
reduction (P< 0.01) at days17 of gestation compared with control groups. In addition, there was a highly
signifi cant increase (P< 0.01) in mortality rate that was observed in the embryos of MTX treated pregnant mice.
The histological examination showed fatty changes, degeneration, variability in nuclear size and staining, and
necrosis of hepatocytes. These results confi rm that administration of low dose MTX in early pregnancy has
teratogenicity effect on liver development
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