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Econometric Relationship of Income and Consumption Expenditure of Latvian Households
No full textAnotācija
Ilzes Balodes promocijas darbam
“Latvijas mājsaimniecību ienākumu un patēriĦa izdevumu
ekonometriskās likumsakarības”
Promocijas darba mērėis: iegūt jaunas Latvijas mājsaimniecību ienākumu un patēriĦa
izdevumu ekonometriskās likumsakarības, izmantojot ekonometrijas metodes un
modeĜus, vienlaicīgi paplašinot pētījumos izmantojamo ekonometrijas metožu un
modeĜu instrumentāriju. Ar sadalījumu apliecošo līkĦu, Lorenca funkciju un Džini
indeksu palīdzību iegūti rezultāti par ienākumu un patēriĦa izdevumu sadalījumiem.
Ieviests Engela multifunkcijas jēdziens un veikti Latvijas mājsaimniecību pārtikas
patēriĦa izdevumu pētījumi ar galveno komponenšu metodi. Izmantojot no sadalījuma
atvasināto Lorenca funkciju un koncentrācijas funkcijas, iegūti patēriĦa izdevumu
grupu elastību novērtējumi. Piedāvāta un aprobēta metode patēriĦa izdevumu
struktūras tendences noteikšanai. Latvijas mājsaimniecības klasificētas pēc patēriĦa
izdevumu struktūras, izmantojot klāsteranalīzi un diskriminantanalīzi. Iegūti pētījuma
rezultāti par piemērotas pieprasījuma sistēmas formas izvēli, par Latvijas
mājsaimniecību pieprasījuma funkcijām, kas novērtētas gandrīz ideālās pieprasījuma
sistēmas formā, un par pieprasījuma izdevumu un cenu elastībām.
Atslēgas vārdi: mājsaimniecības, ienākumi, patēriĦa izdevumi, patēriĦa izdevumu
struktūra, sadalījumu apliecošā līkne, pieprasījuma sistēma, pieprasījuma elastības.Annotation
Ilze Balode doctoral thesis
“Econometric Regularities of Income and Consumption
Expenditure of Latvian Households”
The aim of the doctoral thesis is to acquire new econometric regularities of income
and consumption expenditure of Latvian households employing the econometric
methods and models at the same time expanding the implements of econometric
methods and models used in the research. With the help of kernel density, Lorenz
function and Gini index there are acquired the results of the distribution of income
and consumption expenditure. There is introduced the concept of Engel multifunction
and carried out the research with the method of the main components. By using
Lorenz function and concentration functios estimations of elasticities of consumption
groups have been acquired. There is offered and approbated the method for
determining the structure trend of the consumption expenditure. Latvia households are
classified according to consumption expenditure structure using cluster analysis and
discriminant analysis. The results are obtained on the choice of appropriate form of
the demand system, on demand functions of Latvia households estimated in the form
of almost ideal demand system, and on the elasticities of the demand expenditure and
prices.
Key words: households, income, consumption expenditure, the structure of
consumption expenditure, kernel density, demand system, demand elasticitie
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
To increase understanding of colour in 3rd grade’s art lessons
No full textDarba autore Ilze Balode izstrādājusi diplomdarbu “Krāsu izpētes sekmēšana vizuā-lās mākslas stundās 3. klasē”. Par diplomdarba mērķi izvirzīts sekmēt krāsas izpratni vizuā-lās mākslas stundās 3. klasē. Pirmajā nodaļā autore apskata krāsu mācību, padziļināti pēta krāsu uztveri un sistē-mas attīstību, krāsas teoriju kā arī krāsas simbolisko nozīmi mākslas darbos. Otrā nodaļa veltīta normatīvo dokumentu un pedagoģiskās literatūras analīzei. Tur autore apskata mācību procesa literatūru un analīzē normatīvos dokumentus, atbilstoši uz-devumu kopai. Trešā aprakstīta un uzdevumu kopa “krāsa, tās nokrāsa un nozīme” vizuālās māk-slas stundām 3.klasē. Šajā nodaļā autore apraksta uzdevumu kopas izveidi, mācību procesā izmantotās mācību metodes, veic uzdevumu kopas aprobāciju un skolēnu sasniegto rezultā-tu analīzi. Darba noslēgumā veikti autores secinājumi par uzdevuma kopas “Krāsa, tās nokrā-sas un nozīme” skolēnu sniegtajiem rezultātiem, tiek atbildēts uz pētījuma jautājumu - ar kādiem mācību uzdevumiem var sekmēt krāsas izpratni vizuālās mākslas stundās 3. klasē. Izstrādātās uzdevumu kopas veiksmīgi aprobētas Ogres X pamatskolā 3. klasē. Diplomdarbs sastāv no trīs nodaļām un desmit apakšnodaļām, trīs pielikumiem. Ko-pā ir 50 lapaspuses. Atslēgvārdi: krāsa, krāsu simboliskā nozīme, krāsas nozīme mākslas darbos.The author of the work, Ilze Balode, developed the diploma thesis " To increase un-derstanding of colour in 3rd grade’s art lessons ". The goal of the diploma thesis is to pro-mote the understanding of color in visual art lessons in the 3rd grade. In the first chapter, the author examines the study of colors, explores in depth the perception of colors and the development of the system, color theory, as well as the symbol-ic meaning of color in works of art. The second chapter is devoted to the analysis of regulatory documents and pedagog-ical literature. There, the author examines the literature of the learning process and analyses normative documents, according to the set of tasks. The third described and set of tasks "Color, its shade and meaning" for visual art les-sons in the 3rd grade. In this chapter, the author describes the creation of a set of tasks, the teaching methods used in the learning process, the approbation of the set of tasks and the analysis of the results achieved by the students. At the end, the author's conclusions about the results provided by the students of the task set "Colour, its shades and meaning" are answered, the research question is answered - with what learning tasks can the understanding of color be promoted in visual art classes in the 3rd grade. The developed sets of tasks were successfully approved in the 3rd grade of Ogre X elementary school. The thesis consists of three chapters and ten subsections, three appendices. There are 50 pages in total. Keywords: color, symbolic meaning of colors, meaning of color in works of art
Comparison of backward and forward linkages for industries in the Baltic States and Finland
No full textVariations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
The Correctness Problems in Applying Inductive Statistics in Economics and Agriculture
No full textAbstract
In the article “Professor Tinbergen’s Method” (Keynes J. M. Professor Tinbergen’s Method. − The Economic Journal. 1939. Vol. 49. No. 195) John Maynard Keynes expressed critical notes concerning insufficient scientific level of the Jan Tinbergen’s results obtained with the help of econometric methods. The conclusion of present research is that the critical appraisal of econometric applying given by John Maynard Keynes in 1939 can be completely assigned to many published in Latvia research in economics and business done by inductive statistics because scientists carelessly apply the linear regression model in absence of the knowledge a priori required by proper theorems and algorithms. Moreover, many times there is no sense even to speak about stochastic experiment because the most important condition − ceteris paribus does not fulfil, namely, economic environment is not homogeneous enough. As the result, the causal inferences derived from Regression Report are not scientifically justified. The second conclusion is that the objective criticism in econometrics applications area in order to keep the satisfactory level of scientific correctness and scientific ethics in Latvia has to be established. We also assert that the applications of inductive econometrics in agriculture are much more justified due to possibility to repeat the stochastic experiments many times in constant circumstances like in physics and mechanics. The meta-target of present article is to remind the protests of John Maynard Keynes to the careless utilization of econometric theorems and to raise a wide discussion about the problems of correctness in applying inductive statistics in economics and agriculture in Latvia.</jats:p
Comparative dynamic analysis of value added created by industry "crop and animal production, Hunting and related service activities" in the Baltic States and Finland
No full textAppropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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