6 research outputs found
Child Labour in Pakistan: Causes and Government Initiatives for Elimination
Get PDFChild labour remains a critical challenge in developing countries, particularly in Pakistan, where poverty, limited educational access, and socio-economic disparities continue to drive its prevalence. This study, conducted in 2017, employed a mixed-methods approach to explore the underlying causes of child labour and assess the effectiveness of government initiatives aimed at its elimination. Quantitative data revealed a strong correlation between child labour, high poverty rates, and restricted access to education, while qualitative responses provided deeper insights into systemic issues such as weak law enforcement and inadequate welfare infrastructure. Despite policy efforts, poor implementation and unequal resource distribution—especially in rural areas—have hindered progress. The study recommends a comprehensive strategy that includes expanding access to quality education, strengthening legal enforcement, and fostering collaboration among government bodies, civil society, and the private sector. Addressing these root causes is essential to breaking the cycle of poverty and ensuring a better future for affected children
Some Applications of Generalized Char-Sets of Ordinary Differential Polynomial Sets
No full textThe notion of characteristic sets, which are a special kind of triangular sets, is introduced by J. F Ritt and W.T. Wu. Wu extended Ritt’s work and developed the characteristic set method not only in theory but in algorithms, efficiency and its numerous applications. Triangular sets are widely considered as a good representation for the solution of polynomial systems. After the introduction of characteristic sets by Ritt, triangular sets have become an alternative tool for representing the ideal besides the Gröbner bases. This paper is about implementation and applications of generalized characteristic sets of ordinary differential polynomial sets defined by author
Characteristic sets verses generalized characteristic sets
No full textThe notion of characteristic sets that was developed by Ritt and Wu has been turned into an usual tool for study of set/systems of polynomial equations, algebraic as well as differential equations. By constructing a characteristic sets, one can triangularize an arbitrary set/system of any type of polynomials. It ensures that it can be decomposed into triangular form of a particular set/system. In this manuscript, a comparison of characteristic sets defined by Ritt-Wu's differential is provided with the generalized characteristic sets defined by author in [5]. Comparison shows that this scheme performs better than earlier method
Incorporation of garlic extract as antifungal agent in psyllium based edible coating for mandarin
Get PDFoai:ojs.ijfaas.com:article/2In present Research work, the mathanolic extract of garlic was incorporated in locally developed Psyllium based edible coating for its application on mandarin. Different concentrations of the extract were used in the coating and quality of the fruit was monitored during storage at room temperature. The results indicated that there was least change (increase) in brix, weight loss, brix/acid ratio, pH and acidity of the fruit during storage studies. The fungal contamination was effectively controlled due to incorporation of garlic extracts at a rate of 6-8%. On the basis of these results it was concluded that the garlic extracts can be used in psyllium based edible coating and it has antifungal significant antifungal potential but at relatively higher concentrations (>6%)
TSH and FT4 reference intervals in pregnancy: a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis
Get PDFContext:
Interpretation of thyroid function tests during pregnancy is limited by the generalizability of reference intervals between cohorts due to inconsistent methodology.
Objective:
(1) To provide an overview of published reference intervals for thyrotropin (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) in pregnancy, (2) to assess the consequences of common methodological between-study differences by combining raw data from different cohorts.
Methods:
(1) Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science were searched until December 12, 2021. Studies were assessed in duplicate. (2) The individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis was performed in participating cohorts in the Consortium on Thyroid and Pregnancy.
Results:
(1) Large between-study methodological differences were identified, 11 of 102 included studies were in accordance with current guidelines; (2) 22 cohorts involving 63 198 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Not excluding thyroid peroxidase antibody–positive participants led to a rise in the upper limits of TSH in all cohorts, especially in the first (mean +17.4%; range +1.6 to +30.3%) and second trimester (mean +9.8%; range +0.6 to +32.3%). The use of the 95th percentile led to considerable changes in upper limits, varying from –10.8% to –21.8% for TSH and –1.2% to –13.2% for FT4. All other additional exclusion criteria changed reference interval cut-offs by a maximum of 3.5%. Applying these findings to the 102 studies included in the systematic review, 48 studies could be used in a clinical setting.
Conclusion:
We provide an overview of clinically relevant reference intervals for TSH and FT4 in pregnancy. The results of the meta-analysis indicate that future studies can adopt a simplified study setup without additional exclusion criteria
