132 research outputs found
Effects of annealing on the magnetic properties and magnetocaloric effects of B doped Ni-Mn-In melt-spun ribbons
No full textThe magnetic, structural, thermal, and magnetocaloric properties of Ni50Mn35In14.5B0.5 melt-spun ribbons have been studied through X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry, and magnetization measurements. A comparison of magnetic properties and magnetocaloric effects (MCE) of Ni50Mn35In14.5B0.5 melt-spun and annealed ribbons to its bulk form has been shown in detail. We have observed that a short time vacuum annealing (1073 K-10 min) on ribbon sample can restore the properties of the bulk material. Significant changes in magnetic and magnetocaloric properties have been observed between Ni50Mn35In14.5B0.5 ribbons in the as-solidified state and after thermal annealing. The MCE parameters of annealed ribbons were found to be comparable to those observed in the bulk alloy. The maximum value of relative cooling power of 150 J/kg for a magnetic field change of 5 T was found at the martensitic transition for annealed ribbons. The working temperature range of the magnetic entropy change (ΔSM) for annealed ribbons has been significantly enlarged in comparison to melt-spun ribbons. The role of the magnetic and structural changes on the transition temperatures of the ribbons is discussed
Woundary ballistics of biological tissue's plastic deformation on the model of ballistic plastiline using hollow point and shape-stable bullets
No full textGumeniuk Kostiantyn, Lurin Igor, Tsema Ievgen, Susak Yaroslav, Mykhaylenko Oleksandr, Nehoduiko Volodymyr, Krymchuk Serhiy, Gryshchenko Oleksandr, Lopatiuk Kostiantyn, Maksymenko Myhailo, Dubenko Dmytro, Tsema Yegor. Woundary ballistics of biological tissue’s plastic deformation on the model of ballistic plastiline using hollow point and shape-stable bullets. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2021;11(11):37-57. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2021.11.11.003 https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/JEHS.2021.11.11.003
https://zenodo.org/record/5659668
The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. § 8. 2) and § 12. 1. 2) 22.02.2019.
© The Authors 2021;
This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland
Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,
provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike.
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.
Received: 10.10.2021. Revised: 22.10.2021. Accepted: 09.11.2021.
WOUNDARY BALLISTICS OF BIOLOGICAL TISSUE’S PLASTIC DEFORMATION ON THE MODEL OF BALLISTIC PLASTILINE USING HOLLOW POINT AND SHAPE-STABLE BULLETS
Kostiantyn Gumeniuk1, Igor Lurin2, Ievgen Tsema3, Yaroslav Susak3,
Oleksandr Mykhaylenko4, Volodymyr Nehoduiko5, Serhiy Krymchuk4,
Oleksandr Gryshchenko4, Kostiantyn Lopatiuk4, Myhailo Maksymenko4,
Dmytro Dubenko4, Yegor Tsema6
1Ukrainian Military Medical Academy of Ministry of Defense of Ukraine, Ukraine, Kyiv
2National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Ukraine, Kyiv
3Bogomolets National Medical University, Ukraine, Kyiv
4State Research Forensic Center Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, Ukraine, Kyiv
5Military Medical Clinical Center of the Northern Region, Ukraine, Kyiv
6Faculty of Cybersecurity, Computer and Software Engineering of National Aviation University, Kyiv
Correspond author:
Ievgen Tsema, MD, professor, Department of Urgent and Vascular Surgery, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Introduction. Modern military conflicts make many challenges for military surgeons associated with the use of new types of weapons – hollow point bullets. The solution to this problem, firstly, depends on studying the characteristics of the terminal ballistics of such ammunition and comparing the data obtained with the characteristics of traditional weapon.
The aim of the work is to conduct experimental modeling of the wound canal and residual wound cavity, which is formed due to plastic deformation from hollow point and non-hollow point bullets.
Materials and methods. The studies were carried out on 40 blocks of ballistic plasticine, in each of which one shot was fired from an AKS-74 assault rifle and a ZBROYAR Z-10 carbine. Depending on the type of ammunition, the blocks of ballistic plasticine were divided into 4 groups: Group 1 – 10 blocks into which shots were made with 5.45 mm non-hollow point military cartridges with "PS" bullets with a steel core "7N6"; Group 2 (10 blocks) – 5.45x39 mm cartridges with "V-Max" hollow point bullets; Group 3 (10 blocks) – with cartridges 7.62x39 mm; Group 4 (10 blocks) – cartridges 7.62x39 mm with hollow point bullets of the "SP" type.
Results and discussion. Only for a 5.45 mm military cartridge with "PS" bullets, both inlet and outlet bullet holes were detected in all 10 observations. When using non-hollow point bullets, the outer area of the bullet inlet correlates with the caliber of the projectile (1.6 times larger when using 7.62 mm bullets). For hollow point bullets, the caliber of the projectile does not significantly affect the area of the inlet (P < 0.05). The expansive properties of the bullet significantly increase the area of the bullet hole by 14.87-31.2 times compared to non-hollow point ammunition. Increasing the caliber of the non-hollow point bullet leads to a significant increase in the area of the sagittal section of the residual wound cavity in 1.59-2.03 times; whereas the expansive properties of the bullet do not significantly affect either the perimeter or the area of the sagittal section of the residual wound cavity. For non-hollow point bullets, the volume of the residual wound cavity is more correlated with the caliber of the bullet (increases by 3.36 times); whereas for an hollow point bullet, its caliber has a smaller effect on the volume of the residual cavity (increases by 1.37 times). The expansive properties of the bullet affect the volume of the residual wound cavity in two ways: for 5.45 mm bullets the residual wound cavity increases 1.49 times, for 7.62 mm bullets it decreases 1.65 times. The use of hollow point bullets of 7.62 mm leads to greater collateral damage (zone of secondary necrosis, molecular shock) due to the scattering of the kinetic energy of the bullet to the elastic deformation of near-woundary tissues compared to non-hollow point analogues. The use of 5.45 mm expansive bullets leads to the formation of a larger volume of irreversible damage due to plastic deformation compared to non-hollow point analogues.
Conclusions. The resulting model of plastic deformation of soft tissues, depending on the type of modern small arms, showed the dependence of the spatial configuration of the inlet bullet hole, residual wound cavity and deformation and fragmentation of the bullet on the caliber of the cartridge and its expansive properties.
Key words: terminal ballistics; wound ballistics; gunshot wound; wound canal; hollow point bullets; plastic deformation; residual wound cavity
The Structural and Magnetic Properties of Ni2Mn1−xMxGa (M = Co, Cu)
No full textIn Ni2MnGa (cubic structure of L21 type) a first order martensitic structural transition, from the parent cubic (austenitic) phase to a low temperature complex tetragonal structure, takes place at TM = 202 K, and ferromagnetic order in the austenitic phase sets at TC = 376 K. In this work, the Mn sites in Ni2MnGa have been partially substituted with magnetic Co and nonmagnetic Cu, and the influence of these substitutions on the structural and magnetic properties of Ni2Mn1−xMxGa (M = Co and Cu) have been studied by XRD and magnetization measurements. X-ray diffraction patterns indicate that the Co doped system possess a highly ordered Heusler alloy L21 type structure for 0.05\u3cx\u3c0.12, and the Cu doped compounds possess L21 structure for 0.05\u3cx\u3c0.10. The ferromagnetic ordering temperature increases with increasing Co concentration for this system, and rapidly decreases with increasing Cu concentration. Both systems show the increase in TM with increasing Co and Cu concentration. (T-x) phase diagrams have been plotted. The results are discussed in terms of 3d-electron concentration variation
Exchange Bias in Bulk Mn Rich Ni–Mn–Sn Heusler Alloys
No full textAn experimental study on the exchange bias properties of bulk polycrystalline Ni50Mn50−xSnx Heusler alloys has been performed. Martensitic transformations have been observed in the alloys for some critical Sn concentrations. The alloys, while in their respective martensitic phases, are found to exhibit exchange bias effect. Shifts in hysteresis loops of up to 225 Oe were observed in the 50 kOe field cooled samples. The observed exchange bias behavior in Ni50Mn50−xSnx is attributed to the coexistence of antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic exchange interactions in the system
Phase Transitions and Corresponding Magnetic Entropy Changes in Ni2Mn0.75Cu0.25−xCoxGa Heusler Alloys
No full textDetailed studies of room temperature crystal structures, phase transitions, and related magnetic entropy changes (ΔSm) in shape memory alloys Ni2Mn0.75Cu0.25−xCoxGa (x = 0.0, 0.01, 0.02,0.025 0.03, 0.05) have been carried out by x-ray diffraction, magnetization, and thermal expansion measurements in magnetic fields of up to 5 T and in a temperature interval of 5–400 K. The high temperature austenitic cubic phase passes through a magnetic transition to ferromagnetic state and a structural transition to martensitic phase at the same temperature for all samples of the Ni2Mn0.75Cu0.25−xCoxGa system. The first order magnetostructural transition temperature increases from 308 to 345 K with increasing Co concentration. All of the alloys in the Ni2Mn0.75Cu0.25−xCoxGa system were found to possess large magnetic entropy changes. The maxima in the magnetic entropy changes ranged from ΔSmmax = −48 J/kg K to −64 J/kg K in a temperature range of 308–345 K
Large magnetocaloric effects over a wide temperature range in MnCo1−xZnxGe
No full textThe magnetic and structural transitions can be controlled to coincide by partial substitution of Zn for Co in MnCo1-xZnxGe, leading to a large magnetocaloric effects over a wide temperature range. The magnetostructural transition from paramagnetic to ferromagnetic state results in magnetic entropy changes (-ΔSM) of 26 J/kg K at 327 K for ΔH 5 T in the case of x 0.045. Interestingly, a structurally driven first-order phase transition between two high magnetization states as observed for x 0.05 and 0.06 also lead to large values of -ΔSM 31.4 and 20.6 J/kg K for ΔH 5 T at 281 and 209 K, respectively. The observed large magnetocaloric effects with tunable phase transition temperatures make these materials promising for near room-temperature magnetic cooling applications. © 2013 American Institute of Physics
Magnetic, magnetocaloric, and magnetotransport properties of RCo1.8Mn0.2 (R=Er, Ho, Dy, and Tb) compounds
No full textThe magnetic, magnetocaloric, and magnetotransport properties of RCo 1.8Mn0.2 (R=Er, Ho, Dy, and Tb) were studied by room temperature X-ray diffraction, magnetization, and resistivity measurements at a temperature interval of 5400 K and magnetic fields up to 5 T. The Curie temperature of RCo2 was found to increase significantly when 10% Mn was substituted for Co. The effective paramagnetic moments were found to be in reasonable agreement with their theoretical values. A large magnetoresistance (MR) of Δρ/ρo≈-13.5% for R=Ho at T≈153 K for ΔH=5 T has been observed. The maximum relative cooling capacities vary from 467 J/kg at low temperature for R=Er to 202 J/kg at the near room temperature for R=Tb. © 2011 Elsevier B.V
Magnetic and Magnetocaloric Properties of the New Rare-Earth-Transition-Metal Intermetallic Compound Gd3Co29Ge4B10
No full textThe compounds Gd3-xYxCo29Ge4B10 (x = 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 3.0), Gd3Co29Al4B10, and Gd3Co29Al4B10 were synthesized by arc melting, and their magnetic properties investigated as a function of temperature and applied magnetic field. X-ray measurements showed primarily single-phase samples with the tetragonal crystal structure P4/nmm. It was found that Gd3Co29Ge4B10 orders ferromagnetically at TC = 212 K and shows a compensation point at 128 K, indicating a ferrimagnetic ordering of the Co and Gd moments. An entropy change of −ΔS = 0.5 J/kgK was observed in a 5-T field at TC for this sample, while a change in sign for this quantity was observed both at the maximum value of magnetization (around 200 K) and then again at the compensation point. Substitution of Y for Gd in Gd3Co29Ge4B10 does not affect the Curie temperature, but shifts the compensation point to lower temperatures. This indicates that a decrease in Gd concentration does not affect the d-d exchange interaction, but has a pronounced effect on the f-d exchange interaction
Magnetic and Electrical Properties of Ni50Mn35In15−xSix Heusler Alloys
No full textWe have studied the magnetic and electrical properties of the polycrystalline ferromagnetic Ni50Mn35In15−xSix (1 ≤ x ≤ 5) Heusler alloys through magnetization, thermal expansion, and resistivity measurements. It was observed that an increase in Si concentration strongly affects the ground state of the martensitic phase and the magnetic properties of compounds. A magnetic phase diagram has been constructed for these alloys. It was found that both martensitic transition temperature (TM) and Curie temperature of austenitic phase (TC) decrease, while ferromagnetic ordering temperature of the martensitic phase increases with increasing Si concentration. The magnetoresistance (Δρ/ρ) associated with martensitic transformation was found to vary from –47% for x = 2 at T = 261 K to −26% for x = 5 at T = 230 K for a magnetic field change of 5 T
Magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of Gd<sub>6</sub>X<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>3</sub> (X = Ni, Co) and Ln<sub>6</sub>Co<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>3</sub> (Ln = Pr, La)
No full textPhase compositions and crystal structures of Gd6X 2Si3 (X = Ni, Co,) and Ln6Co2Si 3 (Ln = Pr, La) have been studied. The magnetic properties of Gd 6X2Si3 (X = Ni, Co) and Ln6Co 2Si3 (Ln = Pr, La) have been evaluated from magnetization measurements performed by a superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer in a temperature interval of 5-400 K, and at magnetic fields up to 5T. The crystal structures of Gd6X2Si3 (X = Co, Ni) and Ln6Co2Si3 (Ln = Pr, La) were found to be hexagonal at 300 K. The Curie temperature (TC), effective and magnetic moment of the compounds (at5 K) have been determined for Gd 6X2Si3 (X = Ni, Co), and Ln6Co 2Si3 (Ln = Pr, La). TC was found to depend on composition, and reaches maximum value of about 300 K for the Gd 6X2Si3 system. Themagnetocaloric effect (magnetic entropy changes and relative cooling power (RCP) was found to depend on X and Ln, and the maximum RCP values were found to be larger than 500 J/kg near room temperature for the Gd6Ni2Si3 and Gd6Co2Si3 compounds. This value of RCP is comparable to the prototype magnetic refrigeration material, Gd. © 2011 American Institute of Physics
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