1,720,982 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Design of hybrid nanomaterials made of organophosphorus transition metal complexes covalently bonded to metal naoparticles
No full textLes propriétés uniques des nanoparticules métalliques (MNPs), à la frontière de celles des composés moléculaires et des matériaux massifs, permettent leur utilisation dans des domaines aussi large que l'électronique, l'optique, la médecine ou la catalyse. La stabilisation des MNPs est effectuée en solution en utilisant divers stabilisants tels que des polyols, des polymères, des tensioactifs, des liquides ioniques ou des ligands ajoutés dans le milieu de synthèse. Le choix judicieux du stabilisant est un moyen de fonctionnaliser les MNPs et de leur conférer des propriétés spécifiques comme la solubilité dans différents media ou bien des propriétés optiques par exemple. En raison de leur large éventail de propriétés, des complexes de métaux de transition (TMCs) ont été associés aux MNPs pour obtenir des nanomatériaux hybrides, principalement grâce à l'utilisation de " connecteurs organiques ". Les travaux fondamentaux décrits dans cette thèse se situent dans ce domaine de recherche, avec comme objectif la synthèse de nouveaux nanomatériaux hybrides via une coordination directe entre le TMC et la surface de la MNP. Il est raisonnable de penser que ces nanomatériaux hybrides pourraient conduire à de nouvelles propriétés, différentes de celles de leurs deux composantes. En utilisant les outils de la chimie de coordination et de la nanochimie, des nanomatériaux hybrides constitués de complexes organophosphorés Ru(II)-polypyridines liés de manière covalente à la surface de nanoparticules de ruthénium (RuNPs) ont été synthétisés via une procédure de synthèse en une seule étape. La caractérisation complète des nanomatériaux hybrides par la combinaison des techniques analytiques physiques et chimiques a permis de définir la structure de ces nouveaux systèmes. Les caractérisations physiques (TEM, WAXS, XPS) et chimiques (RMN à l'état liquide et solide) ont été menées pour déterminer la structure et l'environnement de surface des RuNPs. Des calculs DFT, basés sur un modèle de cluster Ru55, ont conforté les résultats expérimentaux et ont montré que la structure du nanohybride la plus stable implique une interaction covalente entre l'atome de chlore du complexe organophosphoré Ru(II)-polypyridines et la surface RuNP, formant ainsi un lien direct entre le complexe et les MNPs. Une interaction chélatante de type pi aromatique entre l'un des ligands bipyridines et la surface métallique RuNP, a également été mise en évidence. Les données de spectroscopie RMN ont démontré qu'en plus de la couche de stabilisation interne, d'autres molécules de complexes organophosphorés Ru(II)-polypyridyne entourent les hybrides, formant ainsi une couche de stabilisation externe. Les propriétés électroniques du nanohybride ont été étudiées par électrochimie. Le comportement observé expérimentalement a mis en évidence le caractère hybride unique du nanomatériau, qui présente un saut électrochimique (Eox-Ered) typique d'une MNP à comportement moléculaire et très différent de celui observé pour les RuNPs stabilisés par des ligands classiques. Des études catalytiques préliminaires sur la réaction d'évolution de l'hydrogène photo-induite, dans le cadre de la réaction de décomposition de l'eau, et la transformation du CO2 en acide formique ont été réalisées. Comme perspectives, la synthèse d'autres nanohybrides à base de Ru a été évaluée en utilisant des complexes Ru(II)-polypyridynes incorporant des ligands organophosphorés de nature différente. Des premiers résultats sur la synthèse de nanohybrides impliquant d'autres NPs (Co, Pt) ont aussi été obtenus. Ces travaux devraient permettre l'accès à une grande variété de nanomatériaux hybrides, constitués de complexes de métaux de transition mononucléaires liés de manière covalente à des nanoparticules métalliques bien définies, aux propriétés diverses pour un large domaine d'applications.The unique properties of metal nanoparticles (MNPs), commonly considered at the borderline between those displayed by molecular compounds and those typical of bulk metals, account for their extended application in diverse fields like electronics, optics, medicine or catalysis. The stabilization of MNPs can be performed in solution by the use of various stabilizers such as polyols, polymers, surfactants, ionic liquids or ligands that are deliberately added in the synthesis medium. The adequate choice of the stabilizer is also a way to functionalize the MNPs and confer them specific properties like solubility in a given media, enantioselective catalytic properties or optical properties, as non-exhaustive examples. Because of their large panel of applications, transition metal complexes (TMCs) have been associated to MNPs to form hybrid nanomaterials mainly through the use of pendant ligands. This fundamental PhD work lies in this domain of research, with the aim to achieve novel hybrid nanomaterials via a direct coordination of TMCs at the surface of MNPs. This type of hybrid nanomaterials may give rise to additional properties, different from their two respective original entities. On the basis of coordination chemistry and nanochemistry tools, unprecedented hybrid nanomaterials made of mononuclear organophosphorus Ru(II)-polypyridyl complexes covalently bonded onto the surface of ruthenium nanoparticles (RuNPs) were successfully synthesized following a one-pot organometallic procedure. A complete characterization of the prepared hybrid nanomaterials, by the combination of physical and chemical analytic techniques, is reported. Besides state-of-the-art techniques for nanoparticle characterization (TEM, WAXS, XPS), liquid and solid-state NMR techniques were applied in order to determine the surface environment of the RuNPs. DFT theoretical calculations, based on a Ru55 cluster model, strongly supported the experimental results and showed that the most stable nanohybrid conformer involves a covalent interaction between the chlorine atom of the organophosphorus Ru(II)-polypyridyl complex and the RuNP surface, thus forming a direct bridge between the complex and the NPs. An additional aromatic pi-type chelating interaction between one of the bipyridine ligands and the RuNP metal surface was also evidenced. NMR spectroscopy data evidenced that in addition to the inner stabilizing layer resulting from the direct coordination of the complex onto the NP surface, other organophosphorus Ru(II)-polypyridyl complexes surround the hybrids, thus forming an outer stabilizing layer. Electrostatic interaction is believed to occur between the complex counterparts from the inner and outer layers. The electronic properties of the nanohybrid were studied by voltammetric techniques and DFT calculations (projected Density of States). The behavior experimentally observed evidenced the unique hybrid character of the nanomaterial, which displays an electrochemical gap (Eox-Ered) typical of a "molecule-like" redox character and very different from that observed for RuNPs stabilized by classical ligands. Preliminary catalytic studies on the photoinduced hydrogen evolution reaction, as a part of the water-splitting process, and the transformation of CO2 into formic acid have also been performed. As perspectives, the synthesis of other Ru-based nanohybrids was evaluated by using Ru(II)-polypyridyl complexes bearing organophosphorus ligands of different nature. Also, first results in the synthesis of nanohybrids made of NPs of other metals (Co, Pt) have been obtained. This work reports an effective way to potentially access a large variety of unprecedented hybrid nanomaterials made of mononuclear transition metal complexes covalently bonded to well-defined metal nanoparticles. Given its versatility, our procedure should allow developing hybrid nanomaterials with tunable properties towards a large domain of applications
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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