1,721,108 research outputs found
Spiral Motion of Air Bubbles in Multiphase Mixing for Wastewater Treatment
No full textAbstractVortex flow forms due to spiral motion of the air bubbles around water in the aeration tank. The formation of vortices would indicate the mixing pattern of water and air in the aeration tank. The mixing of two phases such as air-water or water-air flow systems in the aeration tank is important to increase oxygen transfer efficiency in aeration process. With different process parameters of the aeration tank such as the diameter of pore size of the membrane, diameter of diffuser and air mass flow rate are simulated using ANSYSTM CFD software. When the air mass flow rate increasing, the diameter of pore size decreasing, the air-water or vice versa are mixed homogenously and increases the oxygen transfer efficiency. The air-water mixing efficiency increases if the diameter of membrane pore size decreases at higher mass flow rate and the diameter of diffuser is in the practical range which is between 4 to 12. An improvement of vortices occurs in an aeration tank when higher strength of air velocity curl occurs
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Waste management: what is the choice: land disposal or biofuel
Get PDFMany cities in developing Asian countries are facing serious problems in managing their municipal solid wastes as annual waste generation increases in proportion to the rise in population and urbanization. Asian countries with greater rural settings produce more organic waste such as kitchen wastes and less of recyclable items such as paper, metals and plastics. The method of disposing
wastes using landfill poses a serious environmental threat which requires innovation and more research has to be carried out to solve this issue. New challenges faced by local authorities are related mainly to finding the best option for managing the problems and costs of collection and disposal of solid wastes in a growing city.
With the global scenario of escalating cost of fuel prices, municipal solid waste is seen as a potential resource for our renewable energy project. There is growing interest in the utilization of solid waste as biofuel to produce electricity. Various technologies in converting the
waste material into biofuel are made available, which may change the landscape of today’s waste management, from landfill disposal to resource recovery.Biofuel economy has steered our thoughts towards the conversion of such unwanted materials into valuable energy feedstock, which
the world is now seriously moving towards. With the emergence of new technologies for conversion of wastes into biofuel, be it biomass or biogas, the options are now very clear. The Biofuel option can be the best strategy as long as our policies are targeted
toards achieving sustainable development as the ultimate goal
System and apparatus for the treatment of organic effluents
No full textAn apparatus for the treatment of organic effluents with substantially large COD and BOD₅ values is disclosed. Effluent is introduced into the tank for retention for a period of time before being discharge. The tank comprises of a first chamber to receive and pre-treat the effluent utilizing a sludge blanket, a second chamber containing media for the attachment of anaerobic bacteria and discharge. The tank comprises of a first chamber to receive and pre-treat the effluent utilizing a sludge blanket, a second chamber containing media for the attachment of anaerobic bacteria and discharge outlets to facilitate flow of biogas, treated effluents and waste sludge
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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