1,721,194 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Avian respiratory and immunosuppressive diseases - a fatal attraction
Get PDFThe avian respiratory system is an efficient system for gaseous exchange but unfortunately, it is also a direct route to many infections. The structure of the lungs is inflexible, and the mucociliary blanket along the respiratory epithetical lining, the first line of defence, is easily damaged in any infection. A well developed immune system is the next line of defence. However, many pathogens can cause damage to the immune system, resulting in immunosuppression, which in turn, will prediscope the host usually to respiratory disease outbreaks. There is definitely a fatal attraction between respiratory and immunosuppressive diseases, leading to severe and/or prolonged problems. They are responsible for high mortality and large economic loses to poultry producers. Advances made in the molecular biology of these pathogens and increased knowledge on the role of the immune system, give new opportunities towards the control of avian diseases, by vaccination. While there is a need for more work to determine the most appropriate way to produce a vaccine for a given disease, genetic engineering will without doubt, play a significant role in vaccine technology. Researchers in UPM are moving towards this new technology besides improving the conventional vaccines
Vaccination Of Village Chickens Against Newcastle Disease
Get PDFThe village poultry is an important component of the
poultry industry in South East Asia . However , Newcastle disease
is always a thre at to them . While the disease is usually
adequately control led by repeated applications of suitable
vaccines in commercial poultry , it has not been success fully
controlled in village chickens. A new method of vaccine
production and administration for the village chickens needs
to be developed . The objective of this study was to select an
avirulent Newcastle disease virus which is immunogenic , heat
resistant and transmissible among chickens and to incorporate
the virus in feed that can be offered to chickens .
The vaccine was prepared by coating an immunogenic and
heat tolerant sub strain of V 4 virus onto food pellets . A
nominal chicken do s e o f vaccine was 10 g of pellets containing
10650 % egg infectious doses of vaccine virus. The vaccine was prepared by coating an immunogenic and
heat tolerant substrain of V 4 virus onto food pellets . A
nominal chicken dose of vaccine was 10 g of pellets containing
10650 % egg infectious doses of vaccine virus
Ihsan tonggak kecermerlangan UPM: usaha membina warga universiti penuh integriti, bertanggungjawab
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Animal biotechnology research and development initiatives in Malaysia
No full textThe poultry and pig industries are highly dependent on imported feeds with negligible production of feed crops, and under-utilisation of agro-industrial by-products. The slow growth of the ruminant subsector may be because of the low base population of cattle, buffaloes, sheep and goats for rapid multiplication, limiting the ability for intensive selection for genetic improvement. Artificial insemination technology has not been fully utilized to multiply superior stock and produce crossbred animals because of poor conception rates. Fish production can be intensified by good management over different functions and variables of the cultivated organisms, the stock and their environment. The concept of farming systems reflects the existence of relationships between resource variables; only certain systems are ecologically, biologically and technically viable. Malaysian scientists have carried out research on various aspects of biotechnology as means of enhancing the economic production of livestock and fish. These are now a strong network among researchers in the universities and research institutions. Multidisciplinary and inter-institutional research is encouraged. Recent advances in biotechnology are applied in order to develop rapid and cost effective diagnostic reagents, vaccines and other biologics, to improve genetic resources for ruminant and fish production, and to improve local feed resources. Animal models are also used for the study of human health
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