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Reformulasi status pernikahan beda agama perspektif pemikiran Wael B Hallaq
No full textABSTRAK
SEMA no 2 tahun 2023 terdapat diksi pelarangan mengenai pernikahan beda agama dalam poin dua yang dapat memunculkan fenomena baru pada pernikahan beda agama di Indonesia. Salah satunya yaitu perpindahan agama yang esktirm dan klaster pembolehan nikah beda agama antara orang orang yang mampu dan tidak. Tujuan penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendekripsikan dan menganalisis hukum status pernikahan beda agama secara sejarah perundang undangan serta fenomena multicultural perspektif pemikiran Wael B Hallaq .
Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penilitian normatif dengan pendekatan konseptual dan kepustakaan (library research), yang melibatkan pembahasan undang undang serta buku pemikiran Wael B Hallaq dalam memendang metode pengambilan hukum serta paradigma negara. Sumber terdiri dari sumber primer yang dimaksud dalam penelitian ini adalah Undang Undang yang terkait dengan hukum perkawinan seperti Undang undang no 16 tahun 2019 tentang perubahan undang undang no 01 tahun 1974 tentang pernikahandan undang undang no 24 tahun 2013 tentang perubahanatas undang undang no 23 tahun 2006 tentang admistrasi kependudukan. Sumber sekunder diambil dari buku Wael B Hallaq, seperti “The Impossible State: Islam, Politics, and Modernity’s Moral Predicament, An introduction to Islamic law, Shari’a: theory, practice, transformations, The origins and evolution of Islamic law, Was the Gate of Ijtihad Closed? The Early Essays on the History of Islamic Legal Theories by Wael B. Hallaq”. Dan Authority, continuity, and change in Islamic law, A history of Islamic legal theories : an introduction to Sunni Usul al fiqh, Law and legal theory in classical and medieval Islam, Ibn Taymiyya against the Greek logicians / translated with an introduction and notes by Wael B Hallaq.
Dalam penelitian ini dilalui tiga tahap, yaitu pengumpulan bahan peraturan peraturan perkawinan, bahan metode pemikiran hukum terutara pemikiran hukum Wael B Hallaq, dan pengkajian bahan mengenai relevan dalam hukum, pemikiran dan keadaannya. Metode pengolahan data dalam penelitian ini berinti pada analisis data, ada tiga yaitu : reduksi data, penyajian data, dan verifikasi. Sistematis pembahasan bab I pendahuluan menjelaskan secara umum tentang latar belakang masalah, yaitu bagian yang menjelaskan tentang alasan peneliti dalam mengambil judul tentang Reformulasi Status Pernikahan Beda Agama Perspektif Pemikiran Wael B Hallaq, bab II Bab II menjelaskan tentang Tinjauan Pustaka, yaitu memuat landasan teori sebagai pisau analisis tentang pengertian pengertian perkawinan beda agama menurut hukum Islam dan hukum positive. Bab III Hasil Penelitian dan Pembahasan. Bab IV Penutup, merupakan bab terakhir pada penelitian yang berisi kesimpulan dan saran
Hasil dari penelitian ini pertama, SEMA no 2 tahun 2023 menimbulkan beberapa masalah yaitu pertama mengabaian undang undang yang terkait dengan pernikahan beda agama seperti UU Admistrasi dan fenomena manipulasi agama. Kedua bahwa secara garis besar pemikiran Wael Bahja Hallaq menjelaskan bahwa hukum yang mengikat dalam revolusi bernegera yaitu undang undang. Seharusnya ada undang undang atau peraturan harus secara tekstual yang bias mengakomodir permasalahan pernikahan beda agama di Indoensia dengan membentuk sebuah peraturan yang mempertimbangkan fenomen, budaya serta sejarah peraturan undang undang dan sejarah masyarkat yang terjadi di Indonesia.
ABSTRACT
SEMA No. 2 of 2023 contains prohibitive language regarding interfaith marriage in point two, which could lead to new phenomena in interfaith marriages in Indonesia. One of these is the extreme conversion of religion and the cluster of permissibility for interfaith marriages among those who are able and those who are not. This research aims to describe and analyze the legal status of interfaith marriage from a historical legislative perspective and the multicultural phenomenon based on the thought of Wael B. Hallaq.
This research is a normative study using a conceptual and library research approach, involving discussions of laws and the writings of Wael B. Hallaq in examining legal methodology and state paradigms. The primary sources in this research include laws related to marriage, such as Law No. 16 of 2019 concerning amendments to Law No. 1 of 1974 on Marriage, and Law No. 24 of 2013 concerning amendments to Law No. 23 of 2006 on Population Administration. Secondary sources are drawn from Wael B. Hallaq's books, such as “The Impossible State: Islam, Politics, and Modernity’s Moral Predicament,” “An Introduction to Islamic Law,” “Shari’a: Theory, Practice, Transformations,” “The Origins and Evolution of Islamic Law,” “Was the Gate of Ijtihad Closed? The Early Essays on the History of Islamic Legal Theories by Wael B. Hallaq,” and others.
This research is conducted in three stages: the collection of materials on marriage regulations, materials on legal thought, particularly the legal thought of Wael B. Hallaq, and the study of relevant materials in law, thought, and its circumstances. The data processing method in this research focuses on data analysis, consisting of three steps: data reduction, data presentation, and verification. The systematic discussion in Chapter I, the introduction, provides a general explanation of the background of the problem, detailing the researcher’s reasons for choosing the title "Reformulating the Status of Interfaith Marriage Perspectives in the Thought of Wael B. Hallaq." Chapter II discusses the Literature Review, which contains theoretical foundations as analytical tools concerning the definitions of interfaith marriage according to Islamic law and positive law. Chapter III presents the Research Results and Discussion. Chapter IV, the Conclusion, is the final chapter of the research, containing conclusions and recommendations.
The findings of this research indicate that first, SEMA No. 2 of 2023 raises several issues, including the neglect of laws related to interfaith marriage, such as Population Administration Law and the phenomenon of religious manipulation. Secondly, broadly speaking, Wael B. Hallaq's thought explains that the binding law in a state revolution is legislation. There should be laws or regulations that can textually accommodate the issues of interfaith marriage in Indonesia by forming regulations that consider the phenomena, culture, as well as the history of regulations and societal history in Indonesia.
مستخلص البحث
تحتوي سمة رقم 2 لسنة 2023 على لغة تحظر الزواج بين الأديان في النقطة الثانية، مما قد يؤدي إلى ظواهر جديدة في الزواج بين الأديان في إندونيسيا. واحدة من هذه الظواهر هي التحول الديني المتطرف ومجموعة الإذن بالزواج بين الأشخاص القادرين وغير القادرين. تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى وصف وتحليل الحالة القانونية للزواج بين الأديان من منظور تاريخي تشريعي وكذلك الظاهرة متعددة الثقافات وفقاً لفكر وائلب. حلاق.
تعتبر هذه الدراسة من النوع البحثي النمطي، باستخدام منهجية مفاهيمية وبحث مكتبي، والتي تشمل مناقشة القوانين بالإضافة إلى كتب فكر وائل ب. حلاق في النظر إلى منهجية أخذ القوانين ونماذج الدولة. تتكون المصادر من مصادر أولية تتعلق بالقوانين المرتبطة بالزواج، مثل القانون رقم 16 لسنة 2019 بشأن التعديل للقانون رقم 1 لسنة 1974 بشأن الزواج والقانون رقم 24 لسنة 2013 بشأن التعديل للقانون رقم 23 لسنة 2006 بشأن إدارة السكان. أما المصادر الثانوية فهي مأخوذة من كتب وائل ب. حلاق، مثل "الدولة المستحيلة: الإسلام، السياسة، ومأزق الحداثة الأخلاقي"، "مقدمة في القانون الإسلامي"، "الشريعة: نظرية، ممارسة، تحولات"، "أصول وتطور القانون الإسلامي"، "هل أُغلِقت باب الاجتهاد؟ المقالات المبكرة في تاريخ نظريات القانون الإسلامي لوائل ب. حلاق"، و"السلطة، الاستمرارية، والتغيير في القانون الإسلامي".
تتكون هذه الدراسة من ثلاث مراحل، وهي جمع مواد القوانين المتعلقة بالزواج، مواد منهجية الفكر القانوني خاصة فكر وائل ب. حلاق، ودراسة المواد المتعلقة بالملاءمة في القانون، الفكر، وظروفه. تتمحور طريقة معالجة البيانات في هذه الدراسة حول تحليل البيانات، وهناك ثلاث خطوات: تقليل البيانات، عرض البيانات، والتحقق. تتناول مناقشة منهجية الفصل الأول المقدمة شرحًا عامًا عن خلفية المشكلة، وهي الجزء الذي يوضح أسباب الباحث لاختيار عنوان "إعادة صياغة حالة الزواج بين الأديان من منظور متعدد الثقافات في فكر وائل ب. حلاق." يتناول الفصل الثاني مراجعة الأدبيات، والتي تحتوي على الأسس النظرية كأداة تحليل حول مفاهيم الزواج بين الأديان وفقًا للقانون الإسلامي والقانون الإيجابي. الفصل الثالث يقدم نتائج البحث والمناقشة. الفصل الرابع، الخاتمة، هو الفصل الأخير في البحث الذي يحتوي على الاستنتاجات والتوصيات.
تشير نتائج هذه الدراسة أولاً إلى أن سمة رقم 2 لسنة 2023 تثير عدة قضايا، بما في ذلك تجاهل القوانين المتعلقة بالزواج بين الأديان مثل قانون إدارة السكان وظاهرة التلاعب الديني. ثانيًا، أن فكر وائل ب. حلاق بشكل عام يوضح أن القانون الملزم في ثورة الدولة هو القوانين. ينبغي أن تكون هناك قوانين أو لوائح يمكنها نصًا استيعاب قضايا الزواج بين الأديان في إندونيسيا من خلال تشكيل لوائح تأخذ بعين الاعتبار الظواهر، والثقافة، وتاريخ القوانين وتاريخ المجتمع الذي حدث في إندونيسي
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