289 research outputs found
Penunjuk hari / Rozi Ibrahim and Noraini Akuan
Get PDFPenunjuk Hari adalah satu alat yang di reka semata-mata untuk kemudahan pengguna,dimana ia boleh memaparkan hari-hari di dalara seminggu. Masukan litar ini merupakan denyut yang dihasilkan oleh litar denyut sehari secara •manual'atau automatik sebaik sahaja hari bertuka
Industrial strategies and policies in Malaysia since 1959: A case study of manufacturing sector / Noraini Ibrahim
Get PDFThe major industrial policies in malaysia are tariffs, fiscal incentives and industrial estates. The two main
pillars on which malaysia industrial strategy is based are tariffs and fiscal incentives. These two instruments have been used to stimulate the growth of manufacturing sector, even though there has been considerable controversy in regard to their effectiveness. Nevertheless, tariffs and fiscal incentives were equally used in malaysian industrial strategy in order to hasten the development of manufacturing activity. Another major
problem in the development of industrial activities in malaysia was the consentration of activity in a few
developed states. One of the difficult tasks of industrial planning is to direct industrial activity into less developed states thus aiming to redress uneven regional development. To achieve this aim, industrial estates were used as an instrument of regional development. This chapter, assesses some of the impact of these major industrial policies, perticularly fiscal incentives, tariff protection and industrial estates
The effectiveness of using bingo games in developing year 3 students' vocabulary in SK Sapintas, Sabak Bernam / Noraini Ibrahim
No full textVocabulary is a main component in learning English. Learning vocabulary has become a basic need when encountering a new language. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of using bingo games to develop students’ vocabulary. The population sample of the study involved 25 students from Year 3 SK Sapintas, SabakBemam. The data was collected using pre and post test, which are the two main research instruments. Next, the data was analyzed and presented in table and chart form. The findings of the study indicated that the students’ result increased after the treatment of using bingo game. 23 out of 25 students showed improvement meanwhile 2 out of 25 students did not show any improvement based on several factors. These findings implied that games can help students to improve their language learning process. In the future teachers should create and add more educational games to help students master the English language in a more fun and meaningful way
The factors influencing the unemployment among fresh graduates in Kelantan / Noraini Ibrahim and Emylia Syafika Mohammed Fauzi
Get PDFThe title of this study is related to the factors that influence unemployment among fresh graduates in Kelantan. The objective used in this study is to find out whether the factors such as employability skills, English proficiency, Job mismatch, and demanding an unrealistic salary. The four objectives were selected to find out whether these factors influence unemployment among fresh graduates conducted in Kelantan. Furthermore, the method used in completing this study is through a questionnaire that was distributed using Google Forms to 394 respondents. Of these 394 respondents, a total of 202 men and 192 women had involved themselves in answering the questions posed by the researcher through questionnaires and references. In this study, researchers have identified the factors related to unemployment that occur among fresh graduates in Kelantan. The findings of the study show that unemployment among new graduates in Kelantan is due to many factors, especially lack of English proficiency and job mismatch. Therefore, new graduates should play an appropriate role in positioning themselves as employees to reduce unemployment
Environmental effects of natural dyes and syntetic dyes: a comparison
No full textDyes is important to add colorant on fabrics. The dyeing process makes a fabric colourful and attractive. However, the waste disposed by dyeing process was hazard to environment especially synthetic dyes. Most of the textile industry uses synthetic dyes compared to natural dyes. This happens because natural dyes are difficult to extract its colour. Four types of natural and synthetic dyes were reviewed in this study. It was understood that all types of dyes have its advantages and disadvantages. Natural dyes have poor colour fastness compared to synthetic dyes. Besides, natural dyes can combine with synthetic dyes for greater commercial dyeing. Dyeing is one of the method to beautify the appearance of fabrics. It is a process to add colour to textile products like yarn, fiber and fabrics. Dyeing can be divided into synthetic dyes and natural dyes whereas can be produced either chemically or by plants. Synthetic dyes are man-made and normally made from synthetic resources such as petroleum by-products and earth minerals while natural dyes are from plant and animal sources. Most of the textile industry is using synthetic dyes compared to natural dyes. Natural dyes are hardly to extract their colour and environmentally friendly. Synthetic dyes can be extracted easily but brings harmful effect to environment. Unfortunately, the exact amount of dyes produced in the world is still unknown. It is estimated that the production of dyes to be over 10,000 tons per year. Exact data on the quantity of dyes discharged in the environment are also not available (Forgacs and Cserhátia, 2004)
Utilization dyeing process of coffea pigment as superhydrophobic coating on fabric application
No full textSynthetic pigments and dyes was frequently used for textile products in order to fulfill the customers demand because it is less expensive and high durability compared to natural pigments or dyes. Therefore, the contribution of synthetic dyes waste water is higher and it becomes one of cause of hazardous pollution to the environment. Factories that discharge this dye waste water are harmful toxic waste and high chemical usage which can give a bad effect to the human health [1]. An alternative way need to be considered in order to overcome the problems that comes from the synthetics dyes. The alternative way that were studied in this project as the solution to the problems stated was by using natural resources which is coffee as a colorant for pigmentation or dyeing in order to replace the harmful synthetic dyeing [2]. Robusta coffee or Coffea canephora is chosen as the pigments colorant because it has minimal environmental impacts compare to synthetic pigments. Natural pigments are not harmful to the environment, which makes it so captivating for consumers. Natural pigments are biodegradable and disposing them will not lead to pollution [3]. Furthermore, natural pigments are safe to use. It does not cause any harm or health problem when abstain. Pigment appearance is altered by selective absorption and by scattering of light [4]. Other than that, different composition of natural pigments can give a wide-range of colour by modifying the concentration percentage of pigments ingredients such as Robusta coffee which brew for pigments in order to provide a varied brown colour to textile fabrics. The superhydrophobic coating fabrics for textile application provide a durable water repellent which is useful for fabrics in order to protect them from water. In addition, the fabric also can be easily clean [5]
Investigation of dyeing based on pandanus amaryllifolius for superhydrophobic coating in cotton-polyester blended in textile application
No full textNatural dyes are derived from natural resources. Colouring materials obtained from natural resources of plant, animal, mineral, and microbial origins were used for colouration of various textile materials. Use of natural dyes started fall after the invention of synthetic dyes in the second half of the nineteenth century. The synthetic dyes were rapidly industrialization of textile production resulted in almost complete replacement of natural dyes by synthetic dyes because their easy availability simple application process, better fastness properties and consistency of shades [1]. Recent environmental awareness has again revived interest in natural dyes mainly among environmentally conscious people. Natural pigments are considered eco-friendly as these are renewable and biodegradable which is skin friendly and provide healthier benefits to the wearer [2]. Pandanus amaryllifolius also called as pandan leaf is a tropical plant that under screw pine genus and it can be easily found all around in Malaysia. It is a genus monocotyledon plants with over 750 accepted species. Extraction of green pigments from pandanus amaryllifolius to produce an organic pigment for fabric dyeing can become an alternative of synthetic pigments. Organic pigments also can be classified as a biochrome substance which is produced by living organisms. These biological pigments include flower and plant pigments [3]
Utilization of garcinia mangostana dyes for superhydrophobic oncotton textile application
No full textThe demand for textile products has increases rapidly nowadays and so did the production. Hence, people tend use synthetics dyes because it is cheaper and more durable as compared to natural dyes. Therefore, synthetic dyes has contributed to dye wastewater and becomes one of the causes of outrageous pollution in nowadays. Factories that discharge this wastewater as harmful toxic waste, colourfull and organic chemicals from dyeing. Chemicals such as sulphur, vat dyes, arsenic, and certain auxiliary chemicals make the wastewater highly toxic and poisonous [1]. In order to overcome this problem, an alternative way has to be found. One of the alternative way is to make a good use of the waste from the nature, for example, the peel of mangosteen. Mangosteen or known as Garcinia mangostana is one of the fruits that can be found easily in Malaysia during monsoon season. So, the difficulty of getting these fruits are not very hard. However, the rind of mangosteens are non-edible and being thrown unknowingly by most of the people in Malaysia. The rinds of the fruits contain high level of anthocyanin pigments which can be used in dyeing application of fabric. The utilization of fruit hulls of Garcinia mangostana will help to reduce biodegradable wastes in the environment. Its reuse or recycling will also aids in the halting of the release of greenhouse gases. Natural dyes are beneficial to the environment and it can reduces the water pollution [2]
Strategic parking management system / Noraini Mohamed Zin
Get PDFParking facility can be considered as part of planning requirement that can affect development scheme as a whole. The increases of population, paralel with the increasing of road users lead to parking concerns, especialy in Muar Johor. Insuffiecient car park and congested traffic occured in that area, and the study keen to conduct a research to identify the factors that contribute to the problem. Therefore, parking should always be well manage with the strategic parking management system. The author will investigate the parking management system at Muar town from planning, organising and controlling point of view. The demand for property in Muar is increasing, but with problems of lack of parking space and congested area can change property buyers decision. As a result of the review of literature several authors previously found that, there are several factors that contribute to parking problem in Muar area, and public behavior and the poor management at Majlis Perbandaran Muar are two major concerns that the study will focus on. The objective is to study the Parking Management System, to identify the parking problem in Bandar Muar, to evaluate the feedback and response among community regarding to parking issue in use, to give suggestion or recommendation in problem occurs. Bandar Muar (Johor) was selected as the study area due to the many complaints received by the Majlis Perbandaran Muar (MPM). The data obtained through observation, interviews and questionnaires of the officers and staff council and users who frequently use the parking facility in Bandar Muar. The findings of this study have found that the parking management system in Bandar Muar under the local authorities are still moderate. Suggestions are made to improve the parking management system of local authorities to ensure the parking management system at a higher level
The effects of lawsonia inermis pigmentation for superhydrophobic properties on cotton fabrics
No full textNowadays, there are many things that can be produced easily by the help of modern technologies. This include the synthetic materials that can be developed by using any advance machine that was manufactured [1]. However, those synthetics materials that was developed may bring harm to the environment. Their particles can be spread resulting an unhealthy atmosphere. Thus, the natural resources was used to produce an authentic materials (Calarge, 2018). In the recent years, textile industry has been developed significantly and contributes to the growth of Malaysia’s economy [2]. It can be categorized as one of the complicated industries among the manufacturing industries such as food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries [3]. Thus, the textile industries require high water consumption and resulting on high discharge rate of wastewater that loaded with contaminants [2]. The generation of wastewater from textile industry comes from the manufacturing process of textile fabrics such as washing scouring bleaching, mercerizing, and dyeing and finishing process. The highest amount of wastewater that produced from textile industries come from the process of dyeing and finishing. The contaminants of water that produced by dyeing and finishing process include high suspended solids (SS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), heat, colour, acidity, basicity, and other organic pollutants [4]. This matter has to be seriously concerned as it may lead to allergic responses, eczema, and also affect the liver, lungs, and immune system of humans as well as animals [3]. The purpose for the project of the effects of Lawsonia Inermis was basically to produce a natural pigment that may not harm the environmen
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