194 research outputs found
Abu Bakr Effendi: a report on the activities and challenges of an Ottoman Muslim theologian in the Cape of Good Hope
No full textThis thesis presents the religious activities of an Ottoman Islamic scholar Abu Bakr Effendi and his educational challenges at the Cape of Good Hope. Abu Bakr Effendi was a professor of canon law who was sent to the Cape by the Ottoman Caliph in order to resolve the religious issues as well as educate the Muslims in South Africa in the second half of the nineteenth century. This study takes into consideration diverse archival materials that explain different dimensions of the socio-historical events which happened during Effendi's stay in South Africa. Due to limited reliable sources, Effendi's activities have not been examined by researchers extensively. Several local newspapers, South African and Ottoman archival materials not used before in such studies, private family documents, foundation (Waqf) records and official correspondences have been used in this study and contributed to understanding the social-religious situation amongst Muslims at the Cape of the nineteenth century. Applying a comparative historical method, the study shows how Effendi became a prominent scholar in society despite his reformist understanding with regards to Islamic topics which made him a marginal theologian in the eyes of local Muslims. In this sense, the study illustrates the contribution of his works in the Muslim social sphere and how it enabled the emergence of a Muslim consciousness and identity in Southern Africa. Finally, with his cultural and educational endeavors, Effendi became a historical figure in South African society and this reality has been illuminated by rich archival documents
Android işletim sistemlerinde zaman tabanlı izin yaklaşımı ile saldırı önleme sistemi
No full textTez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi -- Kaynakça var.ÖZET Pazarın %72. 2 oluşturan Android işletim sistemi, en çok tercih edilen ve kullanılan mobil işletim sistemidir. Kullanıcılar, birçok platformdan farklı uygulamaları bu işletim sistemine rahatlıkla kurabilir. Akıllı cihazlar son zamanlarda çok fazla özel kullanıcı bilgisini taşıdığından dolayı daha çok siber saldırıların hedefi haline gelmiştir. Andorid işlem sistemi, uygulamaların mobil cihazda ulaşabileceği alanları kısıtlamak, özel kullanıcı bilgisi olan konum, kamera, şifre ve rehber gibi kullanıcı gizliliğini korumak için birçok izin çeşidi kullanır. Bu çalışmada, mevcut izin kontrol sistemindeki eksiklikleri göstermek için kötü amaçlı bir uygulama üretilmiştir ve bu uygulama üzerinden birkaç siber saldırı gerçekleştirildi. Bu sorunların sebebinin, kullanıcıların istenen izinlerin niyetini tam olarak anlamadığından ve mevcut izin sisteminin kullanıcıya başka izin onaylama seçenekleri önerememesinden dolayı olduğu görülmüştür. Daha sonra, uygulama çalıştırırken kullanıcının ilgili fonksiyonu ne kadar zaman kullandığını belirleyerek daha kolay izin kontrolü sağlayabilen, müdahaleci olmayan, iznin süresini belirleyen zaman tabanlı bir izin kontrol sistemi önerilir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Android, Android uygulamaları, Android güvenlik, API seviyesi, izin sistemi. ABSTRACT Android operating system, which constitutes 72. 2% of the market, is the most preferred and used mobile operating system. Users can easily install different applications from many platforms to this operating system. Since smart devices carry a lot of private user information, they have become the target of cyberattacks. The Andorid transaction system uses many types of permissions to restrict the areas that applications can access on the mobile device, and to protect user privacy such as location, camera, password and directory with private user information. In this study, a malicious application was created to show the shortcomings in the current permission control system, and several cyber-attacks were carried out on this application. It seems that the cause of these problems is because users do not fully understand the intent of the requested permissions and the current permissions system is unable to suggest other permissions options to the user. Then, a non-intrusive, time-based permission control system that determines the duration of the permission is recommended, which can provide easier permission control by determining how long the user has used the relevant function while running the application. Key Words: Android, Android application, Android security, API level, permission system. İÇİNDEKİLER İÇİNDEKİLER . i ÖZET. iii ABSTRACT . iv TEŞEKKÜR . v ŞEKİLLER . vi ÇİZELGELER. vii SİMGELER VE KISALTMALAR . viii 1. GİRİŞ . 1 1. 1. Tezin Amacı . 2 1. 2 Tezin Katkısı . 2 2. LİTERATÜR ÖZETİ . 4 3. SİBER GÜVENLİKLE İLGİLİ TEMEL BİLGİLİLER . 7 3. 1 Siber Tehditler . 8 3. 1. 1. Siber hırsızlık . 9 3. 1. 2. Siber Vandalizm . 9 3. 1. 3. Web jacking . 9 3. 1. 4. Kredi kart bilgilerinin çalınması . 10 3. 1. 5. Yazılım korsanlığı. 10 3. 1. 6. Endüstriyel casusluk . 10 3. 1. 7. Siber terörizm . 10 3. 1. 8. Siber kaçak . 10 3. 1. 9. Spam . 10 3. 1. 10. Wİ-Fİ high jacking. 11 3. 1. 11. Mantık bombaları . 11 3. 1. 12. Salami saldırısı . 11 3. 1. 13. Tehdit yoluyla siber saldırı . 11 3. 1. 14. Hizmet reddi . 11 3. 2. Siber Saldırıların Ortak Nedenleri . 12 3. 2. 1. Kolay erişilebilir . 12 3. 2. 2. Veriler için saklama kapasitesinin az olması . 12 3. 2. 3. Kod karmaşıklığı. 12 3. 2. 4. İhmal . 13 3. 2. 5. Kanıt kaybı . 13 3. 3. Siber Güvenlik Çözümlerine Genel Bakış . 13 3. 3. 1. Güvenlik açığı tarayıcıları . 13 3. 3. 2. Saldırı önleme sistemi . 13 3. 3. 3. Saldırı tespit sistemi . 14 3. 4. Siber Güvenlik Endüstriyel Uygulamalar . 14 3. 4. 1. Mevcut güvenlik açığı tarayıcıları . 14 3. 4. 2. Güvenlik duvarı . 14 4. ANDROİD MİMARİSİ VE SALDIRI ÇEŞİTLERİ . 16 4. 1. Saldırı Çeşitleri . 18 5. MEVCUT ANDROİD İZİN SİSTEMİ . 20 5. 1. Android Uygulama Bileşenleri . 20 5. 2. Android uygulamaları . 21 5. 3. Android İzin Bileşenleri . 22 5. 4. Manifest Dosyası . 23 ii 5. 5. İzin Grubu . 23 5. 5. 1. İznin uygulanma süreci . 25 5. 5. 2. İzin sistemi analizi . 26 6. MEVCUT İZİN SİSTEMİNİN GÜVENLİK TESTİ VE SALDIRI TESPİTİ . 28 6. 1. Saldırı Öncesi Cihazın Performans Durumu . 29 6. 2. Sızma Anında Cihazın Performansı . 29 6. 3. Kullanıcının SMS Bilgilerine Sızma İşlemi . 34 6. 3. 1. SMS saldırısı sonrası cihazın performansı. 36 6. 4. Uygulama Üzerinden Cihazın Ses Kaydı Fonksiyonuna Sızma İşlemi . 37 6. 4. 1. Ses saldırısı sonrası cihazın performansı . 37 7. ÖNERİLEN ZAMAN TABANLI İZİN SİSTEMİ VE SONUÇLARI . 39 7. 1. Önerilen İzin Sisteminin Güvenlik Testi ve Performansı. 44 8. ÇALIŞMA MANTIĞI VE ÇIKTILARI . 46 9. GELİŞTİRME ÖNERİLERİ . 49 10. SONUÇ VE ÖNERİLER . 50 KAYNAKLAR . 51 ÖZGEÇMİŞ . 5
Methylsulfonylmethane and anti-IL10 antibody: Novel feed additives for supporting poultry health
No full textWith the restrictions imposed on the use of antibiotics in animal agriculture, it is becoming challenging for producers to maintain health and productivity of poultry raised for human consumption. For that reason, there has been an increased emphasis on evaluating nutritional alternatives to address most commonly encountered health issues such as inflammation associated with various diseases and stress. While coccidiosis, caused by intestinal protozoan parasites of genus Eimeria, has major economic implications, oxidative stress, brought about by a disruptive bodily redox status, is a major mechanism underlying various pathologies in commercial poultry production. Supporting host defense mechanisms to fight these challenges via nutritional technologies is a method of prevention. As such, a series of four experiments were conducted to evaluate the beneficial effects of 2 novel feed additives, methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) and anti-IL10 antibody contained in a dried egg product (DEP), in improving immunity and antioxidant capacity of birds during oxidative stress and coccidiosis. Methylsulfonylmethane is an organic, sulfur-containing compound that has demonstrated anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties in humans, and DEP is proposed to attenuate Eimeria-induced IL10 activity to prevent the parasite from evading the host’s immune reaction. Because there were no data with regard to the toxicological effect of using MSM in poultry, we evaluated the acute and sub-chronic toxicological effects and tissue distribution of MSM following oral gavage in broilers in the first experiment. As indicated by the absence of any serious effect on the hematological and clinical blood chemistry parameters, growth performance, and mortality, it was established that oral MSM at either acute (single dose up to 2,000 mg/kg BW) or sub-chronic (1,500 mg/kg BW daily for 21 days) concentrations did not evoke an adverse response in broilers. Moreover, MSM appeared to be absorbed and widely distributed in tissues throughout the body. In the second experiment, we sought to determine if dietary supplementation of MSM at 0.05% of the diet would demonstrate protective effects during oxidative stress induced by feeding 5% peroxidized oil in the diet. While a successful induction of oxidative stress was indicated by reduced feed intake in birds supplemented with oxidized oil, MSM did not affect growth equally across time-points. Similarly, supplementation of either MSM or oxidized oil alone or in combination did not influence peripheral T cell subsets upon flow cytometry analysis. However, in the presence of oxidized oil, MSM lowered indicators of oxidative stress and improved antioxidant enzyme activity (i.e., glutathione peroxidase and reductase) and total antioxidant capacity in both liver and plasma. Because the antioxidant effect of MSM was inconsistent and varied across time-points, we concluded that 0.05% dietary MSM may partially protect birds from diet-induced oxidative stress. The third experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of attenuating Eimeria-induced IL10 activity using DEP supplemented at 2 levels (165 or 287 in Study 1 and 143 or 287 U/tonne in Study 2) via feed on growth performance, immune responsivity, and gut health outcomes during a severe challenge infection with either E. acervulina (Study 1) or E. tenella (Study 2). In both studies, a successful Eimeria infection was indicated by a reduced growth performance in infected birds compared with uninfected group whereas, DEP supplementation did not improve overall growth performance, oocyst shedding, histopathological lesions, hematological measurements, or serum chemistry parameters. However, DEP supplementation improved percentage of circulating CD3+ cells following E. tenella infection, indicating an improvement in cellular immunity. To elucidate further, and to determine if attenuation of IL10 has caused an uncontrolled inflammatory reaction as previously indicated by severe histopathological lesions, and if anti-inflammatory MSM may bring a controlled inflammatory process in eliminating Eimeria infection, a final experiment was conducted. As such, the objective was to study the effects of feeding 0.4% MSM and 287 U/tonne DEP on growth performance, immune responsivity, oxidative stress parameters, and gut health outcomes during a mild, repeated infection with mixed species of Eimeria to approximate a subclinical infection in commercial poultry operations. While supplementation with neither MSM nor DEP alone elicited improvements, combined supplementation improved growth performance 7 days post-primary infection compared with infected control. Additionally, the combination of MSM and DEP improved total antioxidant capacity and reduced oxidative stress indicators in the plasma at various time-points. The results indicated beneficial effects of the combined supplementation of MSM and DEP during a mild Eimeria infection on growth performance and oxidative stress outcomes. Overall, this research demonstrates that MSM is safe to be used as a feed additive and has beneficial effects during diet-induced oxidative stress. Further, a combination of MSM and DEP may be helpful in preventing subclinical coccidiosis infection.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2022-08-01The student, Muhammed Shameer Abdul Rasheed, accepted the attached license on 2020-06-24 at 10:54.The student, Muhammed Shameer Abdul Rasheed, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2020-06-24 at 11:07.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2020-06-29 at 09:36.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #15464 on 2020-10-02 at 15:30:54Made available in DSpace on 2020-10-07T22:07:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3
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The role of the accused in English and Islamic criminal justice
No full textThis thesis is a comparative study of the role of the accused in the systems of
English and Islamic criminal justice. It seeks to explore the underlying
relationship between the individual and the state through an historical, structural
and contextual analysis of their rules relating to questioning and of confessions.
The analysis of the English system covers the period 1800 to 1984, with
particular reference to developments during the nineteenth century when the
foundations for the modern English state were established. The analysis of the
Islamic system combines traditionally Islamic and modern methods, assessing the
"Islamisation" movement in Malaysia through a religico-structural understanding
of juristic opinion from the four main schools of Sunnite jurisprudence.
The thesis contributes to existing knowledge on a number of levels: first, it
questions and revises the "myth" of "progress" that has dominated observations
of the history of the English criminal justice system; second, it elucidates the
relationship between Islamic law in theory and the law that is applied and
proposed in its name in Muslim states; third, it provides an analytical framework
for drawing comparisons between the underlying values of the systems of English
and Islamic criminal justice.
While acknowledging fundamental differences in terms of outlook and
articulation, the author concludes there are important similarities expressed
through such notions as "suspect" in the English system and "kafir"I"fasiq" in the
Islamic. These act as intermediate constitutional categories to whom the state
owe less protection. But the author notes also that these similarities are not
observed necessarily in the "law" which is implemented or proposed in Muslim
states; exact correspondence depends upon the over-arching political structure
and the institution of Caliphate.
The thesis is divided into six chapters: chapter one sets out the conventional view
of the historical development of English criminal procedure and evidence;
chapter two subjects that to a critique and chapter three offers a revised thesis.
Chapter four, explores methods for interpreting and explaining Islam; chapter
five sets out rules relating to confessions and questioning according to the four
Sunni schools; chapter six puts them into "context" through an examination of
the "Islamisation" process in Malaysia
IMPACT OF CONDITIONAL CASH TRANSFER PROGRAMS ON POVERTY ALLEVIATION AMONG RURAL POOR IN NIGER STATE-NIGERIA
No full textThis study examines the impact of conditional cash transfer programs on povertyalleviation in Niger state.The paper adopts a quantitative method using PLS-SEM pathmodeling to establish the statistical relationship between conditional cash transferprograms on poverty alleviation in the state.Thestudy has shown that conditional cashtransfer programs are signicant to poverty alleviation. The socio-economic assessmentof the respondents further justied the above assumption. Government anti-povertyintervention programs have the tendencies of alleviating poverty if the stakeholderscould implement an appropriate policy a framework that is capable of enhancingtransparency and accountability among all the concern stakeholders involved. The paperfurther observed that the high rate of poverty in Nigeriais connected to the systemicfailures of the administrative system in the country such as abuse of the rule of law,political instability, corruption, misplacement of priority, inadequate budgetaryallocation among others. The study recommends for intensive efforts among all agenciesand stakeholders involved toward poverty alleviation intervention programs these arenecessary for the enhancement of appropriate implementation of a well-planned policyframework and the need for adequate budgetary provision is paramount towardspoverty alleviation in Niger state-Nigeria
The Dhabih Allah as metaphor for self-submission: a critical reassessment of the sacrifice narrative in Q.37:99-113
No full textEThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo
Conservation in an Islamic context a case study of Makkah
No full textThe Holy Qu’ rān contains many injunctions for Muslims to respect and conserve the natural environment but few address the built environment. Habitat at the time of the Prophet (PBOH) was in the vernacular and relatively impermanent. The first habitat was the cave, the second the tent and then simple flat roofed buildings of post and lintel construction made of mud and rubble. Later buildings were not indigenous but reflected the architectural styles and techniques of Muslim pilgrims from beyond the Arabian Peninsula. Permanent exotic buildings were later erected as reminders of holy places and events. This work advances a case to restore and preserve historic and religious sites in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Makkah is the destination for millions of Muslim pilgrims who annually pay homage to Allah during the occasions of Hajj, Ramadan and Umra. The tranquillity and peaceful ambience that one associates with the holiest of Islamic experiences have, over the years, given way to jostling crowds of people who must be expediently housed, fed, transported, and protected. Due to the lack of planning and the insensitive but profitable development of the city, Makkah is in grave danger of becoming a bustling metropolis instead of a sanctuary where pilgrims gather to perform their religious rites and reaffirm their dedication to Allah. The author calls for professional planning and international cooperation to guide future development for this expanding and sensitive area. The author's ideas are grounded in practical and aesthetic study, therefore, the political, environmental and economic issues are examined in relationship to religious, historic and artistic values. The author makes proposals for a future Makkah that would provide pilgrims with the physical comforts, security, and serene environment they deserve—without destroying the city they came to visit. The author discusses preservation and conservation in the western world and the need for their acceptance in Muslim countries, the former being an aesthetic and intellectual concept sustained by law and the latter being the prescribed free expression of the individual unhindered by material considerations. Both worlds are rapidly being overwhelmed by materialism, but body, mind and spirit combine in making us aware of our surroundings and the way in what we see around us has come into being
A critical and comparative study of the spoken dialect of the harb tribe in Saudi Arabia
No full textThe inadequacy of consumer protection in the UAE: the need for reform
No full textThis thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and awarded by Brunel University.This thesis addresses the consumer protection regime in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) against damages posed by defective industrial products, unfair business practices and misleading advertising. Nowadays, unfair and deceptive practices such as the selling of defective or sub-standard goods, the charging of exorbitant prices, misrepresentation of the efficacy or usefulness of goods, and negligence as to safety standards have become rampant. Accordingly, it has become necessary to promote the development and refinement of statutory measures, even in developed countries, to make producers/traders more accountable to consumers. This thesis examines the legal grounds on which consumer protection stands within the newly enacted legal framework for consumer protection in the UAE. In addition, this thesis elaborates upon relevant regulations provided by UAE legislators as well as related laws in selected Arab countries. It further investigates the adequacy of administrative authorities’ measures in the UAE, and explains whether respective administrative rules are capable of compensating consumers for material and physical damages incurred. It also explores the inadequacies of the administration’s measures and rules, and highlights the importance of integration between administrative bodies in achieving a sufficient level of protection for consumers.
The findings of this thesis are based on a detailed review of specific issues in consumer protection models in the Shari’a law and the United Kingdom (UK) model. Thus, it will refer to solutions devised by Islamic Shari’a law and the UK legal system to provide more comprehensive protection to consumers and strengthen their position in relation to that of traders. The study suggests that there is a need to amend the consumer protection in the UAE. It indicates a need for the unified, effective and meaningful implementation of consumer protection legal and administrative procedures in the UAE, and emphasizes that the non-governmental consumer protection association must be given a wider and legal role in supporting the governmental bodies. These findings may help in improving the current consumer protection regime in the UAE as well as reducing infringements committed by traders. This thesis concludes by making recommendations for drafting a comprehensive set of rules in the UAE in the hopes that such recommendations will contribute effectively toward the development of a consumer protection regime in the UAE.Dubai Police Headquarter
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