8 research outputs found
Natural Products Repertoire of the Red Sea
No full textMarine natural products have achieved great success as an important source of new lead compounds for drug discovery. The Red Sea provides enormous diversity on the biological scale in all domains of life including micro- and macro-organisms. In this review, which covers the literature to the end of 2019, we summarize the diversity of bioactive secondary metabolites derived from Red Sea micro- and macro-organisms, and discuss their biological potential whenever applicable. Moreover, the diversity of the Red Sea organisms is highlighted as well as their genomic potential. This review is a comprehensive study that compares the natural products recovered from the Red Sea in terms of ecological role and pharmacological activities
Mechanistic Insights into the Ameliorative Effect of Cichoriin on Diabetic Rats—Assisted with an In Silico Approach
No full textType 2 diabetes mellitus is considered to be a substantial socioeconomic burden worldwide on both patients and governments. Coumarins are biomolecules with a diversity of biological activities. The current investigation aimed to explore the ameliorative effects of cichoriin, which is a type of coumarin, on high-fat diet/streptozotocin (HFD/STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Rats were allocated into five groups. Group I was considered as the control group, while the other groups were HFD/STZ-induced diabetic rats. Group II was assigned as the diabetic control. Groups III and IV were treated with cichoriin (50 or 100 mg/kg, respectively). Group V received glibenclamide (5 mg/kg) (as a positive control). The blood glucose (BG), serum insulin, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase, hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) and content of malondialdehyde (MDA) were assessed. Histopathological and immunohistochemistry analysis of pancreatic tissue were performed. mRNA and protein expressions of GLUT4, AMPK, and PI3K were estimated. Results: Cichoriin treatment ameliorated HFD/STZ-induced diabetic conditions and mitigated the histopathological characteristics of the pancreas, as well as increasing pancreatic insulin expression. This decreased the levels of BG, TG, TC, and MDA and improved the TAC, catalase and SOD contents. Cichoriin demonstrated upregulation of mRNA and protein expressions of GLUT4, AMPK, and PI3K. The in silico binding of cichoriin with GLUT4, AMPK, and PI3K supported the possible current activities. Conclusion: Collectively, this work highlighted the potential role of cichoriin in mitigating HFD/STZ-induced diabetic conditions and showed it to be a valuable product
Cichoriin, a Biocoumarin, Mitigates Oxidative Stress and Associated Adverse Dysfunctions on High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in Rats
No full textMetabolic dysfunctions linked to obesity carry the risk of co-morbidities such as diabetes, hepatorenal, and cardiovascular diseases. Coumarins are believed to display several biological effects on diverse adverse health conditions. This study was conducted to uncover the impact of cichoriin on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese rats. Methods: Obesity was induced in twenty rats by exposure to an HFD for six weeks. The rats were randomly divided into five groups; group I comprised five healthy rats and was considered the control one. On the other hand, the HFD-induced rats were divided into the following (five per each group): group II (the HFD group), groups III (cichoriin 50 mg/kg) and IV (cichoriin 100 mg/kg) as the treatment groups, and group V received atorvastatin (10 mg/kg) (as a standard). Triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), creatine kinase MB (CK-MB), urea, creatinine, the hepatic and renal malondialdehyde (MDA) as well as reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were assessed. Histopathological analysis of the heart, kidney, and liver tissues was investigated. mRNA and protein expressions of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) were estimated. Results: The administration of cichoriin alleviated HFD-induced metabolic dysfunctions and improved the histopathological characteristics of the heart, kidney, and liver. Additionally, the treatment improved the lipid profile and hepatic and renal functions, as well as the oxidative balance state. Cichoriin demonstrated an upregulation of the mRNA and protein expressions of PPAR-γ. Taken together, these findings are the first report on the beneficial role of cichoriin in alleviating adverse metabolic effects in HFD-induced obesity and adapting it into an innovative obesity management strategy
Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis Leaf Extract Alleviates Gentamicin-Induced Hepatorenal Injury in Rats—Possible Modulation of IL-1β and NF-κB Activity Assisted with Computational Approach
No full textBackground: Recently, crop byproducts are considered a hot topic and can be converted into beneficial products. Cauliflower is well-known for its protective effects against oxidative stress-induced damage. The current study aimed to investigate the chemical profile and the ameliorative effects of cauliflower leaf extract (CL) on gentamicin-induced renal and hepatic injuries in rats. Methods: Cauliflower leaf was extracted with methanol to give the total methanol extract (TME) followed by the determination of total phenolic contents (TPC). Rats were divided into five groups; Group I was assigned as the control group, while the other groups were injected with gentamicin for ten days. Group II was given distilled water. Rats in groups III and IV were treated with oral CL (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg, respectively). Group V received L-cysteine (as a positive control). The functions of the kidneys and liver; oxidative stress and morphological and apoptotic changes of renal and hepatic tissues were assessed. Results: The TME was subjected to chromatographic techniques to yield ferulic acid, vanillic acid, p-coumaric acid and quercetin. TPC was 72.31 mg GAE/g of dried extract. CL treatment dose-dependently ameliorated gentamicin-induced impaired kidney and liver functions and improved the histopathological appearance of both organs. It also reduced gentamicin-induced oxidative stress. CL demonstrated downregulation of mRNA and protein expressions of IL-1β and NF-κB compared to nontreated rats. In silico interaction of the isolated compounds with amino acid residues of IL-1β and NF-κB might explain the current findings. Conclusion: Taken together, this study raises the waste-to-wealth potential of cauliflower to mitigate gentamicin-induced hepatorenal injury and convert the waste agromaterials into valuable products
Ameliorative Effect of Ocimum forskolei Benth on Diabetic, Apoptotic, and Adipogenic Biomarkers of Diabetic Rats and 3T3-L1 Fibroblasts Assisted by In Silico Approach
No full textDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a complicated condition that is accompanied by a plethora of metabolic symptoms, including disturbed serum glucose and lipid profiles. Several herbs are reputed as traditional medicine to improve DM. The current study was designed to explore the chemical composition and possible ameliorative effects of Ocimum forskolei on blood glucose and lipid profile in high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and in 3T3-L1 cell lines as a first report of its bioactivity. Histopathological study of pancreatic and adipose tissues was performed in control and treatment groups, along with quantification of glucose and lipid profiles and the assessment of NF-κB, cleaved caspase-3, BAX, and BCL2 markers in rat pancreatic tissue. Glucose uptake, adipogenic markers, DGAT1, CEBP/α, and PPARγ levels were evaluated in the 3T3-L1 cell line. Hesperidin was isolated from total methanol extract (TME). TME and hesperidin significantly controlled the glucose and lipid profile in DM rats. Glibenclamide was used as a positive control. Histopathological assessment showed that TME and hesperidin averted necrosis and infiltration in pancreatic tissues, and led to a substantial improvement in the cellular structure of adipose tissue. TME and hesperidin distinctly diminished the mRNA and protein expression of NF-κB, cleaved caspase-3, and BAX, and increased BCL2 expression (reflecting its protective and antiapoptotic actions). Interestingly, TME and hesperidin reduced glucose uptake and oxidative lipid accumulation in the 3T3-L1 cell line. TME and hesperidin reduced DGAT1, CEBP/α, and PPARγ mRNA and protein expression in 3T3-L1 cells. Moreover, docking studies supported the results via deep interaction of hesperidin with the tested biomarkers. Taken together, the current study demonstrates Ocimum forskolei and hesperidin as possible candidates for treating diabetes mellitus
Oksitosin İndüksiyonunun Travay süreci ve perine etkileri
No full textTezin Başlığı: Oksitosin İndüksiyonunun Travay Süreci ve Perine Üzerine Etkileri Yazar Adı: Nazan KARAHAN Doğumun gerçekleşebilmesi için, myometriumda kasılmalar olurken, pelvis taban kaslarının esnemesi ve yumuşaması gerekir. Bu yumuşama ve esneme oluşmadığı yetersiz kaldığında, normal vaginal doğum perine hasarı ile sonuçlanır. Doğumda gebeye yapılan girişimlerin perine hasarı oluşmasına zemin hazırladığı bilinmektedir. Travayda en sık uygulanan girişim olan oksitosin indüksiyonunun perine hasarı oluşması üzerindeki etkileri ise belirsizdir. Çalışma, oksitosin indüksiyonunun travay süreci ve perine üzerindeki etkilerini değerlendirmek amacıyla, gözlemsel vaka kontrol çalışması olarak yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın evrenini, bir devlet hastanesine 01 Nisan- 01 Haziran 2009 tarihleri arasında doğum yapmak üzere başvuran tüm gebeler örneklemini ise, miada, gebelik ve doğumla ilgili herhangi bir komplikasyonu bulunmayan ve BKİ'si 30'un altında olan 136 gebe oluşturmuştur. Çalışma grubu hekim istemine göre oksitosin uygulanan 36 primipar ve 34 multipar toplam 70 gebeden, kontrol grubu ise rastgele seçilen ve oksitosin uygulanmayan 34 primipar ve 32 multipar olmak üzere toplam 66 gebeden oluşmuştur. Verilerin toplanmasında, araştırmacı tarafından literatüre dayanılarak geliştirilen Gebe Tanılama Formu ve “Travay İzleme ve Değerlendirme Formu” ile, perineal kasılmayı değerlendirebilmek için EMG cihazı kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada, oksitosin uygulanan çalışma grubunda travayın I. ve II. evresinin süresinde anlamlı kısalma olduğu (sırası ile z=-4.97, p=0.00; z=-2.90, p=0.04) fakat acil sezaryen oranında artış olduğu(fisher p=0.00), olgulara servikal dilatasyon 0-3 cm, 4-8 cm ve 9-10 cm iken yapılan EMG ölçümlerine göre perineal kasılma yüzdeleri karşılaştırıldığında, çalışma grubunda kasılma yüzdelerinin yüksek seyrettiği ve çalışma ve kontrol grupları arasında istatistiksel anlamlı farklılık bulunduğu ( sırası ile z=-5.01 p=0.00, z=-5.82 p=0.00, z=-5.82 p=0.00) çalışma grubunda travay ilerlediğinde perineal kasılma yüzdelerinde artış olduğu (x²=25.45 p=0.00) saptanmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgular doğrultusunda, endikasyon olmadığı sürece travayı hızlandırmak amacıyla oksitosin uygulanmaması ve oksitosin uygulanan gebelerde perineyi koruyacak alternatif yöntemler kullanılması önerilmektedir.Title of Thesis: Oxytocin induction of effects on labor and perineum Name of author: Nazan KARAHAN Spontaneous birth requires myometrial contractions and relaxation of pelvic floor muscles. Inadequate relaxation of pelvic floor muscles in the spontaneous birth process may result in perineal damage. Some obstetric interventions may predispose to perineal damage. Labor induction with oxytocin is the most used intervention and its effect on perineal damage is not known. This observational case-control study is undertaken to evaluate the effect of the labor induction with oxytocin on labor process and perineum. 136 term pregnant women in labor without any obstetric complication and BMI values less than 30 between April 2009 and June 2009 were included into the study. Study group consisted of 70 oxytocin induced (36 primipara and 34 multipara) women and control group 66 women (34 primipara and 32 multipara) without any intervention with oxytocin. Data were collected with ‘Pregnant Description Form’ and Labor Observation and Evaluation Form ‘created by the investigator according to the current literature and an EMG was used to determine perineal muscle contractions. First and 2nd stages of labor were significantly shorter (z=-4.97, p=0.00, z=-2.90, p=0.04) and ceserean section rates were higher (fisher p=0.00) in oxytocin group. EMG observations performed three times while cervical dilatation was between 0-3 , 4-8 and 9-10 centimeters showed that contraction rates were significantly higher in the study group (z= -5.01 p=0.009, z= -5.82 p=0.00, z= -5.82 p=0.00, respectively ) and contraction rates increased while labor progressed ( x²=25.45 p=0.00 ). This study suggests that oxytocin should not be solely used to induce the labor without any obstetric indication and perineum should be protected with alternative methods in oxytocin induced women
Chemical Composition and Valorization of Broccoli Leaf By-Products (Brassica oleracea L. Variety: Italica) to Ameliorate Reno-Hepatic Toxicity Induced by Gentamicin in Rats
No full textBroccoli (Brassica oleracea) is reported to possess antioxidant activity that could potentially prevent oxidative damage to tissues caused by many diseases. In the present study, we investigated the preventive effect of broccoli leaf by-product extract (BL) on gentamicin-induced renal and hepatic injury by measuring tissue antioxidant activities and morphological apoptotic changes. Broccoli leaf was thoroughly extracted with 70% methanol to yield the total methanol extract (TME). The total phenolic content (TPC) was determined. Thirty male rats were divided into five groups (six animals/group). Group I received phosphate-buffered saline orally, while group II was treated with gentamicin (100 mg/kg i.p. intraperitoneal) for ten days. Group III and group IV animals were given BL (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg, respectively) plus gentamicin treatment. Group V received L-cysteine (1 mmole/kg) plus gentamicin. Antioxidant and biochemical parameters, such as transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), creatinine, and urea, and mRNA expression levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB) were determined in various groups, along with the quantification of inflammatory and apoptotic cells in hepatic and renal tissues. Malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were determined in liver and renal samples. Histopathological studies of the liver and kidneys were also carried out. The TME was subjected to various and repeated techniques of chromatography to yield caffeic acid, gallic acid, and methyl gallate. The TPC was 6.47 mg Gallic Acid Equivalent/g of dry extract. Gentamicin increased the levels of serum AST, ALT, ALP, creatinine, and urea. The MDA and GSH contents and theactivity levels of the antioxidant enzyme SOD decreased in liver and kidney samples with gentamicin administration. BL administration dose-dependently prevented the alteration in biochemical parameters and was supported by low levels of tubular and glomerular injuries induced by gentamicin. This study valorizes the potential of BL as a preventive candidate in cases of gentamicin-induced liver and kidney toxicity and recommends further clinical studies using BL to validate its utilization for human consumption and as a source of phenolics for nutraceutical and pharmaceutical purposes
