55 research outputs found
Rethinking the design of a 2-methoxy-2-methyl-heptane process by unraveling the true thermodynamics and kinetics
No full textAmong other fuel additives — such as MTBE, ETBE, or TAME — 2-methoxy-2-methyl heptane (MMH) can increase the fuel octane number and reduce the CO emission. MMH can be obtained through the exothermal etherification of 2-methyl-1-heptene and methanol. Lately, many researchers have developed more and more efficient processes considering the kinetics corresponding to an endothermal reaction. However, in this work we demonstrate that the reaction is actually quite exothermal, and this has strong impact on the designed process. Also, the vapor–liquid equilibrium data predicted by UNIQUAC model for 2-methoxy-2-methyl heptane and 2-methyl-2-heptanol mixture reveals that product purification is more difficult, and it requires more energy to recover and obtain MMH with high purity. Considering these aspects, the 54.87 ktpy process developed in this paper is more realistic and energy intensive (1.82 kW h/kg MMH), with a TAC of 5.3 M$/year. The controllability of the process is proven for ±20% changes of 2-methoxy-2-methyl-heptane production rate.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.ChemE/Product and Process Engineerin
Recent developments in the Massive Modularity Hypothesis: Its analysis and compatibility with the Dual Inheritance Theory
No full textThis paper will focus on and analyze the recent arguments on mental modularity. Although the Massive Modularity Hypothesis (MMH) has been criticized by many philosophers and psychologists, Barrett, Sperber, and Carruthers argue that these criticisms have misunderstood the meaning of the concept of "module" in MMH; they argue that this concept differs from Fodorian module and should be investigated in terms of functional specialization. Through clarifying the concept of module in these arguments and the reasons why MMH based on such mental modules can be supported, the author will consider the relationships between MMH and culture. In particular, the author will argue that MMH can explain social learning because some biases in the Dual Inheritance Theory can be also regarded as modules. It follows that MMH can be compatible with the Dual Inheritance Theory to a significant degree
Manual material handling advice and assistive devices for preventing and treating back pain in workers
No full textBACKGROUND: Training and assistive devices are considered major interventions to prevent back pain among workers exposed to manual material handling (MMH). OBJECTIVES: To determine the effectiveness of MMH advice and training and the provision of assistive devices in preventing and treating back pain. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched MEDLINE to November 2005, EMBASE to August 2005, and CENTRAL, the Back Group's Trials Register, CINAHL, Nioshtic, CISdoc, Science Citation Index, and PsychLIT to September 2005. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included randomized controlled trials (RCT) and cohort studies with a concurrent control group, aimed at changing human behaviour in MMH and measuring back pain, back pain-related disability or sickness absence. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two authors independently extracted the data and assessed the methodological quality using the criteria recommended by the Back Review Group for RCTs and MINORS for the cohort studies. One author of an original study supplied additional data for the review.The results and conclusions are based on the primary analysis of RCTs. We conducted a secondary analysis with cohort studies. We compared and contrasted the conclusions from the primary and secondary analyses. MAIN RESULTS: We included six RCTs (17,720 employees) and five cohort studies (772 employees). All studies focused on prevention of back pain. Two RCTs and all cohort studies met the majority of the quality criteria and were labeled high quality.We summarized the strength of the evidence with a qualitative analysis since the lack of data precluded a statistical analysis.There is moderate evidence that MMH advice and training are no more effective at preventing back pain or back pain-related disability than no intervention (four studies) or minor advice (one study). There is limited evidence that MMH advice and training are no more effective than physical exercise or back belt use in preventing back pain (three studies), and that MMH advice plus assistive devices are not more effective than MMH advice alone (one study) or no intervention (one study) in preventing back pain or related disability.The results of the cohort studies were similar to the randomised studies. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: There is limited to moderate evidence that MMH advice and training with or without assistive devices do not prevent back pain, back pain-related disability or reduce sick leave when compared to no intervention or alternative interventions. There is no evidence available for the effectiveness of MMH advice and training or MMH assistive devices for treating back pai
Hukum Pengupahan yang Berkeadilan Substantif (Kajian Teoritis terhadap Teori Upah Teladan)
No full textSocial Happiness that we called”justice”, we can find it from society. Justice means in the pay theory , we know that justice isn't happen in the real life. Because payment salary depend on unilateral from the keeper without bargain with the employment that in fact could'nt covering for they worthy life. At the same time, the keeper still life with extra excessive. In the real life, the others theories such us theory of moral pay, theory of social pay, and theory of figure pay, must be applied in our system government about payment and labour. Right now, The theory of Figure Pay in the relationship with labour its very complete each other between employee and their undertaking, because this theory based on humanism
Hakekat Hukum Pengupahan dalam Upaya Mewujudkan Kesejahteraan Sosial Pekerja
No full textThe values of Pancasila are reflected in legal idea that showed in moral standards. The legal idea is a pattern of thought that contains sublime rules, leads the remuneration law's direction and goal to create a prosperous life for society workers. The essence of Pancasila, law of idea, and moral become benchmark for government, enterpreneurs, and workers to execute the harmonious of Pancasila's Industrial Relationship system in legal certainty, justice, and expedienceNilai-nilai Pancasila, tercermin pada cita hukum yang nampak pada standar moral. Cita hukum tersebut merupakan suatu pola pikir yang mengandung kaedah-kaedah luhur menentukan arah dan tujuan hukum pengupahan dalam rangka mewujudkan masyarakat pekerja yang hidup sejahtera. Hakekat Pancasila, cita hukum, dan moral tersebut, menjadi tolak ukur dari pemerintah, pengusaha dan pekerja dalam melaksanakan sistem Hubungan Industrial Pancasila (HIP) yang harmonis dalam kepastian hukum, keadilan dan kehasilgunaa
Analysis of Vertical Multiplier on Revised National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Lifting Equation for Male Workers in Indonesia Industry
No full textAbstract. Manual Material Handling (MMH) is a risky activity that causes low back pain and has become a worldwide phenomenon, not only in developed countries, but also occur in developing countries. One effort to reduce the injury caused by MMH is the Reccomended Weight Limit (RWL) equation, published by NIOSH. However, NIOSH equation is more tested and researched in European and America. Therefore, it is necessary adjustment for Indonesia people. In this paper, the author analyze the vertical multiplier factor in NIOSH equation for male workers in Indonesia. Multiplier factor is assessed using three criterias. There are biomechanics, physiology, and psychophysical. The result of this study is form of vertical multiplier equation, i.e VM = 1 -0.0310083 (68-V) and VM = 1 -0.00708215 (68-V) for an elevation below the knuckle
Life Support System Design for Habitation in Lunar Lava Tubes
No full textHiroyuki Miyajima, International University of Health and Welfare, JapanICES XXXXThe proceedings for the 2020 International Conference on Environmental Systems were published from July 31, 2020. The technical papers were not presented in person due to the inability to hold the event as scheduled in Lisbon, Portugal because of the COVID-19 global pandemic.In 2009, a large and deep hole, Marius Hills Hole (MMH), was discovered on the Moon with image data acquired by the Selenological and Engineering Explorer (SELENE) lunar probe’s terrain camera. SELENE radar sounder data also indicated a probable presence of lava tubes under the lunar surface in locations close to MMH. Lava tubes can provide shelter for human habitation from harsh environments, such as radiation, micrometeoroid, and the extreme temperatures of the lunar surface. The Japan Society for Aeronautical and Space Sciences (JSASS) Lunar Base Working Group has been tasked with devising a conceptual design for a manned lunar outpost inside the lava tubes reached via MMH. System configurations consisting of life support systems with biomass production systems, in situ resource utilization, and solar or nuclear power plants were designed and evaluated based on their feasibility to support a 100-person colony on the Moon over multiple decades. In accordance with the JSASS Space Exploration Roadmap guidelines, the author of this paper proposed a phased implementation scenario for building a lunar outpost inside lava tubes with the number of people living in it eventually increasing to 100 people with a food self-efficiency rate of 100 % by the 2050s
Identification of in vivo roles of ErbB4-JMa and its direct nuclear signaling using a novel isoform-specific knock out mouse (Scientific Reports, (2022), 12, 1, (17267), 10.1038/s41598-022-21598-2)
No full texthttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/198541/2/Author Correction Identification of in vivo roles of ErbB4-JMa and its direct nuclear signaling using a novel isoform-specif.pdfPublished versio
First in the Nation in Education : Final Report,1984.
No full textThis report is one step in an ongoing process of change and is a plea for commitment for high standards in education in Iowa. Contains the final reports of the six subcommittees as adopted by the Excellence in Education Task Force, and the five recommendations made by the Task Force
A Review and Reconsideration of Non-neoplastic Myometrial Pathology
No full textFrom 1861 to 1962, clinicopathologic research tried to explain the association of abnormal uterine bleeding with uterine enlargement. The etiology was theorized as metropathy, suggesting that myometrial dysfunction may predispose to abnormal uterine bleeding. Research reached a nadir in 1962, when a major review dismissed myometrial hypertrophy as a plausible explanationafter prior rejections of the theories of chronic myometritis, fibrosis uteri, and subinvolution as causes of bleeding. Subsequent to this arose a crusade against unnecessary hysterectomies in the 1970s. Although myometrial hyperplasia (MMH) was proposed in 1868, it is only in the last 25 years that tangible evidence has supported that idea. It now appears that clinically enlarged uteri are due to globoid outward bulging of the uterus, caused by increased intramural pressure; often unrelated to either uterine weight or myometrial thickness. Abnormal (dysfunctional) uterine bleeding may often be due to spontaneous rupture of thrombosed dilated endometrial vessels, due to the combined effects of obstructed venous drainage by increased intramural pressure, and Virchow’s Triad. Despite a century old known association of parity with naturally occurring outer wall myometrial scars (fibrosis uteri with elastosis), it was not previously suggested that these may reflect healing reactions to muscle tears during labor and delivery. We now suggest that smaller, similar inner wall elastotic scars in the nerve rich inner myometrium may explain many cases of pelvic pain. This review suggests that diverse pressure-related lesions may be present in clinically abnormal uteri that have been called “normal” since the crusade against unnecessary hysterectomy.Peer reviewe
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