1,721,073 research outputs found
The regional planning of policies for immigrants: which institutionalisation? a comparison between tuscany and veneto|La programmazione regionale delle politiche per gli immigrati: Quale istituzionalizzazione? I casi di Toscana e Veneto
No full text52) Carboni E., Ibba M., Schirru C., Sadile A. (2009). BEHAVIORAL AND NEUROCHEMICAL CHANGES INDUCED BY METHYLPHENIDATE OR ATOMOXETINE SUB-CHRONIC TREATMENT IN ADOLESCENT SPONTANEOUS HYPERTENSIVE RATS (SHR) ARE GENDER SPECIFIC
No full textAmong the therapeutic treatments for attention deficit with hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the psycho-stimulant methylphenidate (MP), represents the classic treatment while atomoxetine (ATO), a selective noradrenaline (NA) reuptake inhibitor, has been proposed successfully as an alternative to stimulant treatment. Spontaneous hypertensive (SH) rats, because they show several behavioural abnormalities (hyperactivity, hype-reactivity to stress and cognition deficit) have been proposed as an animal model of ADHD. The aim of this study, performed in male and female adolescent SH rats, was to assess the consequences of a 14 day treatment with MP, 1 mg/kg i.p. or ATO, 3 mg/kg i.p. or saline, twice a day on: i), the extracellular concentration of dopamine (DA) and NA in the PFC through the “in vivo” microdialysis method; ii) the spontaneous behavioural activity. We observed that neither MP nor ATO treatment changed the basal extracellular concentration (output) of NA or of DA in the PFC. We also observed that a challenge dose of MP (1 mg/kg i.p.) increased maximally NA output by 350 % and by 150 % and DA output by 158 % and 178 % in saline and MP male SH treated rats respectively. Moreover, a challenge dose of ATO (3 mg/kg i.p.) increased maximally NA output by 377 % and by 325 % and DA output by 287 % and 245 % in saline and ATO male SH treated rats respectively. Moreover we observed that a challenge dose of MP (1 mg/kg i.p.) increased maximally NA output by 210 % and by 200 % and DA output by 154 % and 144 % in saline and MP female SH treated rats respectively whereas a challenge dose of ATO (3 mg/kg i.p.) increased maximally NA output by 341 % and by 279 % and DA output by 192 % and 324 % in saline and ATO female SH treated rats respectively. Furthermore the sub-chronic treatment with MP or ATO determined a reduction of the locomotor activity in male but not in female SHR. Our most interesting results show that: i) acute ATO increased DA transmission much more than MP although they produced a similar effect on NA transmission in the PFC of SH control rats; ii) PFC basal NA and DA output was not affected by MP or ATO treatment in both male and female SHR; iii) MP treatment determines a strong tolerance to its challenge effect on NA transmission in the PFC of males but not female SHR. In summary our results suggest that the sub-chronic treatment with MP or ATX determine different and gender specific neurotransmission changes in PFC and gender specific spontaneous locomotor activity reduction
Indagini archeologiche a Capo Malfatano (Teulada): prime acquisizioni
No full textPoster presented to the International Congress L’Africa Romana, Sassari, 16-19 december 2010
La dinamizzazione dei mercati finanziari. E'possibile con l'econofisica? Una ricerca di analogie
No full textComplex Systems in Economic
Finanza Moderna, variabili di stato e sistema di forze in un mercato efficiente: verso l'Econofisica? Una ricerca di analogie
No full textComplex Systems in Economic
Conservazione della qualità dei frutti di ‘Clementine comune’ mediante variazione delle temperature di refrigerazione
No full textAntidepressants share the ability to increase catecholamine output in the bed nucleus of stria terminalis: a possible role in antidepressant therapy?
No full textRATIONALE: Antidepressants include a relatively wide spectrum of drugs that
increase the synaptic concentration of monoamines, mostly through
neurotransmitter reuptake blockade. The bed nucleus of stria teminalis (BNST) is
considered a relay station in mediating the activation of stress response but
also in the acquisition and expression of emotions. BNST is richly innervated by
monoamines and sends back projections to the nucleus of origin. We previously
showed that the administration of selective blockers of norepinephrine
transporter (NET) increases the extracellular concentration (output) of dopamine,
suggesting that dopamine could be captured by NET in the BNST.
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study, carried out by means of in vivo microdialysis,
was to ascertain the acute effects that antidepressants with varying mechanisms
of action have on dopamine and norepinephrine output in the BNST.
RESULTS: We observed that all the antidepressants tested (5-20 mg/kg i.p.)
increased the output of catecholamines, dose dependently. In particular, the
maximum increases (as a percent of basal) for norepinephrine and dopamine
respectively, were as follows: desipramine, 239 and 137; reboxetine, 185 and 128;
imipramine, 512 and 359; citalopram, 95 and 122; fluoxetine, 122 and 68;
bupropion, 255 and 164.
CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that catecholamine transmission in the BNST
may be part of a common downstream pathway that is involved in the action
mechanism of antidepressants. Consequently, it is hypothesized that a dysfunction
of neuronal transmission in this brain area may have a role in the etiology of
affective disorders
Increase of dopamine and norepinephrine release in the bed nucleus of stria terminalis: a common feature of antidepressants?
No full textThe bed nucleus of stria teminalis (BNST) is an area that is considered part of the extended amygdala, a complex involved in the acquisition and expression of emotions. BNST, is richly innervated by monoamines, sends projections back to monoamine neurons and is considered a relay station in mediating the activation stress response through a strict relationship with the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis (HPA). On the other hand chronic stress is considered a risk factor for developing depression. Antidepressants include a relatively wide spectrum of drugs that increase the synaptic concentration of monoamines, mostly through neurotransmitter reuptake blockade. Since the systemic administration of reboxetine, a selective norepinephrine transporter (NET) blocker increases the extracellular concentration (output) of norepinephrine (NE) but also of dopamine (DA) in the BNST, it is conceivable that catecholamine transmission in BNST could be involved in the mechanism of action of antidepressants. The aim of this study was to characterize the acute effect of antidepressants belonging either to the NET blockers category or to the 5-HT reuptake blockers category (SSRI) on DA and NE ouput in the BNST, assayed through the in vivo microdialysis technique. The results obtained show that all the tested antidepressants (5 to 20 mg/kg i.p.) increased, dose dependently, NE and DA in the BNST. In particular, the increase reported for NE and DA respectively in % over basal were were as follows: desipramine, 239 and 137; reboxetine 185 and 128; imipramine 512 and 359; citalopram 95 and 122; fluoxetine 122 and 68; bupropion 255 and 164.
Furhtermore, reboxetine, citalopram and the selective DA reuptake inhibitor GBR12909 infused locally in the BNST, through the dialysis fiber increase in a different manner catecholamine release in the BNST. These results suggest that catecholamine transmission in the BNST might be a common downstream pathway that is involved in the mechanism of action of antidepressants and consequently it can be hypothesized that a dysfunction of neuronal transmission in this brain area might have a role in the aetiology of affective disorders. On these bases it can be also suggested that modulation of catecholamine transmission in the BNST can be utilized in the screening process of new antidepressant
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