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CDNA-NBS PROFILING OF HORTENSIA RGA-LIKE GENES RESPONSIVE TO LEAF SPOT FUNGAL INFECTION.
No full textCDNA-NBS PROFILING OF HORTENSIA RGA-LIKE GENES RESPONSIVE TO LEAF SPOT FUNGAL INFECTION.
WOODROW P., KAFANTARIS I., IANNUZZI F., MIRTO A., FUGGI A. AND CARILLO P.
Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy.
Keywords: biotic stress, resistance genes, nbs profiling, leaf spot, hortensia.
Hydrangeas are susceptible to leaf spot fungus Cercospora hydrangeae. Fungal spores germinate quickly and spread over the plant leaves under warm and rainy weather forming small purple or brown spots. Although Hydrangea plants are not killed by leaf spot, it reduces the flowering and plant vigor decreasing the market value of the plants. The aim of our study was to isolate and characterize Hortensia resistance (R) gene transcripts under C. hydrangeae fungus infection and investigate their expression profile and evolutionary relationships. The majority of disease R-genes in plants encode nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) proteins. A cDNA-NBS strategy was carried out using as template cDNAs isolated from control and infected plant leaves. The cDNA-NBS profiling gave an excellent bands reproducibility. Twenty new transcripts corresponding to NBS-LRR proteins were identified only in infected plants. Their phylogenetic analysis revealed that most of them evolved through concerted evolution probably due to a selective pressure from a certain pathogen and/or genetic evolutionary events such as gene conversion, crossing-over, duplication and diversifying selection
AMINO ACID, SUGAR, POLIPHENOL, VITAMIN C AND VITAMIN E CONTENTS IN FRESHLY HARVESTED FRUITS OF PLUM LANDRACES OF CAMPANIA REGION (ITALY)
No full textAMINO ACID, SUGAR, POLIPHENOL, VITAMIN C AND VITAMIN E
CONTENTS IN FRESHLY HARVESTED FRUITS OF PLUM LANDRACES
OF CAMPANIA REGION (ITALY)
IANNUZZI F., MIRTO A., WOODROW P., CARILLO P., FUGGI A.
Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, II
University of Naples, Via A. Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta (Italy)
plum biodiversity, sugars, poliphenols, vitamins, free amino acids
The characterization of traditional cultivars (landraces), selected by farmers and particularly
adapted to the environment in which they evolved is fundamental in the conservation and
enhancement of the Agro-biodiversity. Morphological, phenological and genetic methods, actually
are integrated by proteomics and metabolomics ones. Such methods evaluate phenotypic traits
modulated by the environmental conditions (abiotic and biotic stress). In food products they allow
the quality assessment at harvest, during postharvest storage and/or treatments. Metabolic profiling
can proved fingerprints of typical products useful to define, protect and track them along their
lifestory.
In this work sugars, organic acids, polyphenols, anthocyanins, Vitamin C (ascorbic acid and
dehidroascorbic acid) and vitamin E (α-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol), free amino acids, were
determined in fruits from plum landraces of Campania (Italy). Fruits from sixteen plum landraces
cultivated at "CRAA-Azienda Agricola Sperimentale Improsta" of Campania Region were
analysed. The edible part of freshly harvested fruits were cutted in small pieces, frozen in liquid
nitrogenand saved at -80°C. Three samples of cutted materials were powedered in liquid nitrogen
and used to prepare extracts for the analyses. The results were expressed on a fresh weight basis as
means and standard error.
The plum fruits showed a huge variability in the distribution of soluble sugars: they were
about 4% of fresh weight (FW) In the landrace "Sila", while in "Del Carmine" and "Pezza Rossa" it
was less than 1% of FW. Sorbitol content, on average, was about 18% of the soluble sugars. The
polyphenol contents were at least 100% higher than the USDA one. Higher levels of poliphenols
occurred in "Santa Paola", "Coglie e Astad Bianca” and “Santangiolese”, while the lower one was
found in "San Rafele" and "Pappacona". Among the analysed landraces the anthocyanins occurred
mainly in the skin, and, therefore, the amounts were, generally, lower than 1% of total polyphenols.
The Vitamin E (α, γ tocopherols) was similar to USDA average data in most of the landraces, while
they were more than 100% higher in "Santa Paola" and "Santangiolese". Only in some landraces γ
tocopherol content was higher than the α one. However Vitamin E was highly correlated to
polyphenol content. Among the free amino acids asparagine occurred at the highest concentration
followed by GABA, aspartate and glutamate. Proline was at the highest level in “Sila” and “Del
Carmine”. Organic acids and Vitamine C were also analysed.
PCA analysis of all data evidenced a main cluster with 12 landraces of the 16 analysed ones.
Such data can integrate the genetic and agronomic ones for a better characterization of plum
landraces.
The work was funded by "Regione Campania, PSR 2007/2013, Measure 214, Action f2,
project Agrigenet"
The Y682ENPTY687 motif of APP: Progress and insights toward a targeted therapy for Alzheimer's disease patients
No full textASCORBIC ACID, ASCORBATE PEROXIDASE, AND H2O2 IN FRESHLY HARVESTED FRUITS OF SWEET CHERRY LANDRACES OF CAMPANIA (ITALY)
No full textASCORBIC ACID, ASCORBATE PEROXIDASE, AND H2O2 IN FRESHLY
HARVESTED FRUITS OF SWEET CHERRY LANDRACES OF CAMPANIA
(ITALY)
MIRTO A., IANNUZZI F., VACCA F., WOODROW P., CARILLO P., FUGGI A.
Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second
University of Naples, Via A.Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta (Italy)
sweet cherry,vitamin C, ascorbate peroxidase, hydrogen peroxide,redox potential
Ascorbate (AsA) has a key role in many metabolic processes, regenerating other metabolites
like tocopherols from oxidative damages and protect many enzymes from irreversible inactivation
by oxidation mainly caused by the oxidative stress. It is among the main component of the redox
homeostasis buffering mechanism (ascorbate - glutathione cycle and is involved in many redox
signalling processes. Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) as enzyme of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle
uses ascorbate as electron donor to scavenge hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) produced in normal and
stress enhanced aerobic metabolism. (Ascorbate (vitamin C) is essential for human health and its
main dietary source are plant-derived foods. In addition high level of ascorbate in fruits and
vegetables improve their post-harvesting storage properties.
In the aim of conservation and valorization of agro-biodiversity of sweet cherry germoplasm
of Campania (Italy) a study has been conducted to measure AsA, dehydroascorbate (DHA) and
hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contents, as well as APX activities in the harvested fruits. The redox
state of the fruits was also evaluated.
Freshly harvested fruits from 23 landraces cultivated at the Regione Campania – Improsta
farm were used for the analyses.
The sweet cherry fruit extracts of the landraces varied significantly in contents of AsA and
DHA as well as in the DHA/AsA ratio. The redox potential showed the lowest value in the extracts
from the “Patanara” and “Lauretana” ones that did not show particularly high contents of AsA. The
highest potential was found in those from “Melella” and “Tamburella” that had relatively low AsA
content. Extracts from “Melella” were among those with the highest APX activity, while those
from “Tamburella” were from those with the lowest APX activity, as were also the extract from
Lauretana. The H2O2 contents also were not simply related to AsA content, APX activity and redox
potential, in agreement with the view that ascorbate concentration is dependent on biosynthesis,
catabolism and recycling. Anyway as considering that the oxidative stress in postharvest increase it
can be suggested that fruits with the lowest redox potential closer to the physiological one, at the
harvest,contains the overall most efficient antioxidant system and may be more suitable for postharvest
storage.
The work was funded by "Regione Campania, PSR 2007/2013, Measure 214, Action f2,
project “Agrigenet"
Gli ecosistemi delle piattaforme digitali: stato dell’arte, strategie di envelopment olografiche, casi di studio
Full text linkLe piattaforme digitali stanno penetrando sempre più nel cuore della società, rimodellando le organizzazioni, le istituzioni, le transazioni economiche e le pratiche socioculturali e costringendo i Paesi ad adattare le proprie strutture politiche, istituzionali e legali. Se da un lato le piattaforme digitali riflettono la digitalizzazione del mondo, dall'altro lato, sono diventate sempre più centrali nella costruzione di culture, società ed economie moderne. La piattaformizzazione sembra essere una forza demiurgica, che sta sempre
più (ri)plasmando questo millennio e le sue strutture socioeconomiche, tecnologiche e fisiche, le istituzioni e le vite umane. Nonostante il fenomeno della piattaformizzazione e le piattaforme digitali siano sempre più sotto i riflettori della ricerca economico manageriale, in letteratura manca ancora un quadro teorico e strategico che spieghi come emerge un ecosistema della piattaforma digitale e come esso sia in grado di replicarsi da un mercato all’altro. Inoltre, anche se molti studi abbiano sottolineato che le città
rappresentano il cuore della società e, dunque, uno dei principali ecosistemi ad essersi piattaformizzato, non è ancora chiaro come gli ecosistemi delle piattaforme digitali siano riusciti a piattaformizzare gli ecosistemi urbani. Questo lavoro consiste in una ricerca qualitativa che prova a colmare le suddette lacune, integrando la letteratura sugli ecosistemi delle piattaforme digitali e sulle città piattaforma in tre modi. In primo luogo, partendo dalla letteratura sugli ecosistemi delle piattaforme digitali e adottando il pensiero sistemico, il capitolo 1 analizza l’ecosistema della piattaforma digitale attraverso la duplice lente struttura-sistema. Il pensiero sistemico viene utilizzato per esporre in maniera originale il quadro teorico esistente. Ciò non solo consente di mettere in luce come emerge un ecosistema della piattaforma digitale ma permette di distinguere la dimensione strutturale (ossia la piattaforma digitale) dalla dimensione sistemica che caratterizza l'ecosistema emergente (non lineare e talvolta imprevedibile). In secondo luogo, il capitolo 2 fornisce un avanzamento concettuale inerente alle strategie di envelopment attraverso le quali da un ecosistema della piattaforma digitale ne fioriscono degli altri. È stata identificata e analizzata la strategia olografica di envelopment come un’ulteriore tipologia di envelopment che consente agli ecosistemi delle piattaforme digitali di riprodursi oltre i confini del proprio mercato originario, riuscendo ad entrare e/o creare diversi mercati e settori industriali anche lontani dal proprio. Infine, il capitolo 3 fa luce sulle modalità attraverso le quali gli ecosistemi delle piattaforme digitali sono riusciti a diventare degli snodi cruciali attorno ai quali si articola, emerge e si sviluppa l’ecosistema urbano. In particolare, attraverso l’analisi e la comparazione di due casi di studio (l’ecosistema dell’iPhone e l’ecosistema Android di Google) viene sviluppato un quadro teorico che spiega come l’ecosistema dello smartphone è riuscito a piattaformizzare gli ecosistemi urbani. Le suddette concettualizzazioni hanno importanti implicazioni
teoriche, manageriali e politiche. Dal punto di vista teorico, il lavoro discute la necessità di adottare l’ecosistema come la principale unità di analisi utile per comprendere un paesaggio socioeconomico dai confini sempre più sfumati. La ricerca lega anche le strategie di espansione degli ecosistemi delle piattaforme digitali al megatrend della piattaformizzazione della società. Dal punto di vista manageriale, lo studio individua la strategia olografica di envelopment come una strategia di espansione che supporta il
platform sponsor nelle dinamiche della multipoint competition. Inoltre, l’analisi delle modalità attraverso cui gli ecosistemi delle piattaforme digitali stanno piattaformizzando le città rappresenta un valido supporto per le amministrazioni pubbliche intenzionate ad aderire attivamente agli ecosistemi delle piattaforme digitali al fine di efficientare i servizi delle proprie città. Infine, dal punto di vista delle politiche, lo studio individua le questioni cruciali per i responsabili politici nella regolamentazione dell'impatto che gli
ecosistemi delle piattaforme digitali stanno avendo sulla società
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Influenza dell’insulina umana(HM) sul compenso metabolico e sulla capacità legante del siero
No full textCARATTERIZZAZIONE DI ACCESSIONI DI CILIEGIO DELLA REGIONE CAMPANIA ATTRAVERSO L'ANALISI DEL PROFILO DI METABOLITI
No full text- …
