89 research outputs found
Geospatial Data
No full textDigital data repository for Watkinson, I. M. and Hall, R., Impact of communal irrigation on the 2018 Palu earthquake-triggered landslidesNature Geoscience Manuscript NGS-2018-12-02760Submitted 21st December 2018; revised version submitted 11th June 2019; accepted 18th July 2019.Contents include vector files for ArcGIS (shapefiles).All files use the projected coordinate system UTM zone 50S, WGS1984.All shapefiles are also provided as KMZ files for use in Google Earth.Files are provided as-is and without guarantees in terms of accuracy, reliability or significance. We accept no liability for use of these files under any circumstances. See main manuscript, Methods section and supplementary materials for full description and uncertainties. Contents:*** Landslide displacement geospatial data ***---------------------------------------------- Observed_displacement_lines_MAIN.shp/kmz (main high-density object tracking lines)- Observed_displacement_points_START.shp/kmz (main high-density object tracking lines start points)- Observed_displacement_points_END.shp/kmz (main high-density object tracking lines end points)- Observed_displacement_lines_WIDER.shp/kmz (main high-density object tracking lines plus lower density lines in wider study area for PCA)*** Landslide features geospatial data ***----------------------------------------- Landslide_domains.shp/kmz- Landslide_faults_fractures.shp/kmz- Mottling.shp/kmz- Sand_blows.shp/kmz- Water_ponding.shp/kmz*** Irrigation/water geospatial data ***------------------------------------------------ Conveyance_canal.shp/kmz- Irrigation_nodes.shp/kmz- Other_channels.shp/kmz- Natural_rivers.shp/kmz*** Spreadsheets ***--------------------------- Observed_displacement_data.xlsx- RESULT_PCA_FULL and 1-10_formatted for publication.xls
Generic protease detection technology for monitoring periodontal disease
No full textPeriodontal diseases are inflammatory conditions that affect the supporting tissues of teeth and can lead to destruction of the bone support and ultimately tooth loss if untreated. Progression of periodontitis is usually site specific but not uniform, and currently there are no accurate clinical methods for distinguishing sites where there is active disease progression from sites that are quiescent. Consequently, unnecessary and costly treatment of periodontal sites that are not progressing may occur. Three proteases have been identified as suitable markers for distinguishing sites with active disease progression and quiescent sites: human neutrophil elastase, cathepsin G and MMP8. Generic sensor materials for the detection of these three proteases have been developed based on thin dextran hydrogel films cross-linked with peptides. Degradation of the hydrogel films was monitored using impedance measurements. The target proteases were detected in the clinically relevant range within a time frame of 3 min. Good specificity for different proteases was achieved by choosing appropriate peptide cross-linkers.<br/
Self-archiving practice and the influence of publisher policies in the social sciences
No full textAuthors in different disciplines exhibit very different behaviours on the so-called ‘green’ road to open access, i.e. self-archiving. This study looks at the self-archiving behaviour of authors publishing in leading journals in six social science disciplines. It tests the hypothesis that authors are self-archiving according to the norms of their respective disciplines rather than following self-archiving policies of publishers, and that, as a result, they are self-archiving significant numbers of publisher PDF versions. It finds significant levels of
self-archiving, as well as significant self-archiving of
the publisher PDF version, in all the disciplines
investigated. Publishers’ self-archiving policies have
no influence on author self-archiving practice
Fault systems of the eastern Indonesian triple junction:evaluation of Quaternary activity and implications for seismic hazards
No full textEastern Indonesia is the site of intense deformation related to convergence between Australia, Eurasia, the Pacific and the Philippine Sea Plate. Analysis of tectonic geomorphology, drainage patterns, exhumed faults and historical seismicity highlights faults that have been active during the Quaternary (Pleistocene to present day), even if instrumental records suggest some are presently inactive. Of twenty-seven largely onshore fault systems studied, eleven show evidence of a maximal tectonic rate, a further five show evidence of rapid tectonic activity. Three faults indicating slow to minimal tectonic rate nonetheless show indications of Quaternary activity, and may simply have long interseismic periods. Although most studied fault systems are highly segmented, many are linked by narrow (<3 km) step-overs to form one or more long, quasi-continuous segments that are capable of producing M >7.5 earthquakes. Sinistral shear across the soft-linked Yapen and Tarera-Aiduna faults and their continuation into the transpressive Seram fold-thrust belt represents perhaps the most active belt of deformation and hence greatest seismic hazard in the region. However, the Palu-Koro Fault, being long, straight and capable of generating supershear ruptures, is considered to represent the greatest seismic risk of all the faults evaluated in this region in view of important strike-slip strands that appear to traverse the thick Quaternary basin fill below Palu city
Impact of communal irrigation on the 2018 Palu earthquake-triggered landslides
No full textAnthropogenic changes to the environment can enhance earthquake-triggered landslides, yet their role in earthquake disasters is often overlooked. Coseismic landslides frequently involve liquefaction of granular materials, a process that reduces shear strength and facilitates downslope motion even on gentle slopes. Irrigation systems can increase liquefaction susceptibility and compromise otherwise stable slopes. Here we investigate devastating landslides that affected Palu, Indonesia, during the 28th September 2018 Mw7.5 earthquake. We document fields and buildings translated over 1 km down slopes of less than 2° and show landslides were limited to irrigated ground. A liquefied detachment was rooted upslope in a conveyance canal that supplied water to the irrigation network. A strong correlation between landslide displacement, irrigation infrastructure and the highest slopes (≥1.5°), suggests a causative mechanism that should provoke urgent assessment of gently sloping irrigated terrain elsewhere in Sulawesi and in tectonically active areas worldwide
The Legends of the Saintly Widows: Paula and Cecilia in Medieval Castilian Prose
No full textThis thesis investigates the legends of saintly widows within Medieval Castilian prose, specifically the lives of Saints Paula and Cecilia, in hagiographical works known as Compilation A and Compilation B. These Castilian legends have been reworked from their appearance in the Latin Legenda aurea of c. 1264, composed by Jacobus de Voragine. Chapter One works as an introduction to the thesis. It observes the history of the hierarchy of married, widowed, and virginal women, debating which category of female, if any, was able to attain the highest level of eventual celestial purity. Chapter Two concentrates more specifically on manuscript context. It notes the composition of the original Latin Legenda aurea, in terms of male and female composition as well as looking at the constitution of different categories of saints. Following this the composition of the Castilian Compilations is discussed, including the purposes for writing these filiations and destined audience type. Chapter Three focuses on the reworking of the legend of Saint Paula from the Latin to Compilation A, commenting principally upon textual omissions, alterations, and other significant modifications. Chapter Four undertakes an in-depth thematic analysis of the legend for the same saint. Chapter Five works in much the same way as Chapter Three, here focusing on Saint Cecilia, and Chapter Six mirrors Chapter Four, again looking at the symbolic significance of Saint Cecilia in Medieval Castilian hagiography. Chapter Seven operates as a concluding section to the work, bringing together the concepts at the heart of the saintly widow, and asking if a common ethos can be established between such apparently disparate legends. In an appendix, complete editions of each text are presented for the first time, along with xeroxes of the manuscripts and their Latin sources
Breathing exercises for asthma: a randomised controlled trial
No full textBackground: The effect of breathing modification techniques on asthma symptoms and objective disease control is uncertain.Methods: A prospective, parallel group, single-blind, randomised controlled trial comparing breathing training with asthma education (to control for non-specific effects of clinician attention) was performed. Subjects with asthma with impaired health status managed in primary care were randomised to receive three sessions of either physiotherapist-supervised breathing training (n = 94) or asthma nurse-delivered asthma education (n = 89). The main outcome was Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ) score, with secondary outcomes including spirometry, bronchial hyper-responsiveness, exhaled nitric oxide, induced sputum eosinophil count and Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ), Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) and hyperventilation (Nijmegen) questionnaire scores.Results: One month after the intervention there were similar improvements in AQLQ scores from baseline in both groups but at 6 months there was a significant between-group difference favouring breathing training (0.38 units, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.68). At the 6-month assessment there were significant between-group differences favouring breathing training in HAD anxiety (1.1, 95% CI 0.2 to 1.9), HAD depression (0.8, 95% CI 0.1 to 1.4) and Nijmegen (3.2, 95% CI 1.0 to 5.4) scores, with trends to improved ACQ (0.2, 95% CI 0.0 to 0.4). No significant between-group differences were seen at 1 month. Breathing training was not associated with significant changes in airways physiology, inflammation or hyper-responsiveness.Conclusion: Breathing training resulted in improvements in asthma-specific health status and other patient-centred measures but not in asthma pathophysiology. Such exercises may help patients whose quality of life is impaired by asthma, but they are unlikely to reduce the need for anti-inflammatory medication
Extreme extension across Seram and Ambon, eastern Indonesia: Evidence for Banda slab rollback
No full textThe island of Seram, which lies in the northern part of the
180°-curved Banda Arc, has previously been interpreted as a
fold-and-thrust belt formed during arc-continent collision, which
incorporates ophiolites intruded by granites thought to have been produced by
anatexis within a metamorphic sole. However, new geological mapping and a
re-examination of the field relations cause us to question this model. We
instead propose that there is evidence for recent and rapid N–S extension
that has caused the high-temperature exhumation of lherzolites beneath
low-angle lithospheric detachment faults that induced high-temperature
metamorphism and melting in overlying crustal rocks. These "Kobipoto
Complex" migmatites include highly residual Al–Mg-rich
garnet + cordierite + sillimanite + spinel + corundum granulites
(exposed in the Kobipoto Mountains) which contain coexisting
spinel + quartz, indicating that peak metamorphic temperatures likely
approached 900 °C. Associated with these residual granulites are
voluminous Mio-Pliocene granitic diatexites, or "cordierite granites",
which crop out on Ambon, western Seram, and in the Kobipoto Mountains and
incorporate abundant schlieren of spinel- and sillimanite-bearing residuum.
Quaternary "ambonites" (cordierite + garnet dacites) emplaced on Ambon
were also evidently sourced from the Kobipoto Complex migmatites as
demonstrated by granulite-inherited xenoliths. Exhumation of the hot
peridotites and granulite-facies Kobipoto Complex migmatites to shallower
structural levels caused greenschist- to lower-amphibolite facies metapelites
and amphibolites of the Tehoru Formation to be overprinted by
sillimanite-grade metamorphism, migmatisation, and limited localised anatexis
to form the Taunusa Complex. The extreme extension required to have driven
Kobipoto Complex exhumation evidently occurred throughout Seram and along
much of the northern Banda Arc. The lherzolites must have been juxtaposed
against the crust at typical lithospheric mantle temperatures in order to
account for such high-temperature metamorphism and therefore could not have
been part of a cooled ophiolite. In central Seram, lenses of peridotites are
incorporated with a major left-lateral strike-slip shear zone (the "Kawa
Shear Zone"), demonstrating that strike-slip motions likely initiated
shortly after the mantle had been partly exhumed by detachment faulting and
that the main strike-slip faults may themselves be reactivated and steepened
low-angle detachments. The geodynamic driver for mantle exhumation along the
detachment faults and strike-slip faulting in central Seram is very likely
the same; we interpret the extreme extension to be the result of eastward
slab rollback into the Banda Embayment as outlined by the latest plate
reconstructions for Banda Arc evolution
Extreme extension across Seram and Ambon, eastern Indonesia: Evidence for Banda slab rollback
No full textThe island of Seram, which lies in the northern part of the 180°-curved Banda Arc, has previously been interpreted as a fold-and-thrust belt formed during arc-continent collision, which incorporates ophiolites intruded by granites thought to have been produced by anatexis within a metamorphic sole. However, new geological mapping and a re-examination of the field relations cause us to question this model. We instead propose that there is evidence for recent and rapid N–S extension that has caused the high-temperature exhumation of lherzolites beneath low-angle lithospheric detachment faults that induced high-temperature metamorphism and melting in overlying crustal rocks. These "Kobipoto Complex" migmatites include highly residual Al–Mg-rich garnet + cordierite + sillimanite + spinel + corundum granulites (exposed in the Kobipoto Mountains) which contain coexisting spinel + quartz, indicating that peak metamorphic temperatures likely approached 900 °C. Associated with these residual granulites are voluminous Mio-Pliocene granitic diatexites, or "cordierite granites", which crop out on Ambon, western Seram, and in the Kobipoto Mountains and incorporate abundant schlieren of spinel- and sillimanite-bearing residuum. Quaternary "ambonites" (cordierite + garnet dacites) emplaced on Ambon were also evidently sourced from the Kobipoto Complex migmatites as demonstrated by granulite-inherited xenoliths. Exhumation of the hot peridotites and granulite-facies Kobipoto Complex migmatites to shallower structural levels caused greenschist- to lower-amphibolite facies metapelites and amphibolites of the Tehoru Formation to be overprinted by sillimanite-grade metamorphism, migmatisation, and limited localised anatexis to form the Taunusa Complex. The extreme extension required to have driven Kobipoto Complex exhumation evidently occurred throughout Seram and along much of the northern Banda Arc. The lherzolites must have been juxtaposed against the crust at typical lithospheric mantle temperatures in order to account for such high-temperature metamorphism and therefore could not have been part of a cooled ophiolite. In central Seram, lenses of peridotites are incorporated with a major left-lateral strike-slip shear zone (the "Kawa Shear Zone"), demonstrating that strike-slip motions likely initiated shortly after the mantle had been partly exhumed by detachment faulting and that the main strike-slip faults may themselves be reactivated and steepened low-angle detachments. The geodynamic driver for mantle exhumation along the detachment faults and strike-slip faulting in central Seram is very likely the same; we interpret the extreme extension to be the result of eastward slab rollback into the Banda Embayment as outlined by the latest plate reconstructions for Banda Arc evolution
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