1,721,126 research outputs found
Professor Ian Howard (Art Forum)
No full textWalls, Segregation and the Quixotic Gesture
Professor Ian Howard is currently the Dean of the College of Fine Arts, University of New South Wales and has been a practicing artist since 1968. Howard’s practice concentrates on the theme of the relationship between civilian and military cultures, and their material and symbolic products. In 2009 he undertook work on the Israeli Barrier in Palestine where he worked extensively with Australian, British and USA defense forces, including the Pentagon, gaining access to highly secret facilities and equipment. Howard has also undertaken work on the Berlin Wall (1973) and the Great Wall of China (finished 2000). He has exhibited extensively throughout Australia and internationally
Remote ischaemic conditioning as a novel therapy for necrotising enterocolitis
No full textNecrotising enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating disease that afflicts neonates leading to high mortality and morbidity. The majority of infants affected are born prematurely but the disease is also seen in other groups of babies – pre-eminently those born with congenital cardiac conditions. There is a broad range of clinical manifestations of the disease; in some cases babies recover completely with only conservative management. In more severe cases, babies require surgery and bowel resection. These infants also develop systemic disease and multi-organ failure.A systematic review I conducted showed that in the 21st century, whilst the overall outcomes for babies born prematurely continue to improve, NEC still confers significant mortality and morbidity. Even the most premature babies born today have an expected survival of around 90%. Conversely, NEC carries an average mortality of one in four and for the smallest babies (< 1000g) who require surgery for NEC, the mortality is over 50%. Similarly, in the most severely ill babies, the majority will have life-long disability due to the injury to the developing brain resulting in neurodevelopmental delay.The pathophysiology of NEC is complicated and involves multiple pathways leading to bowel necrosis. The cumulative evidence shows that key risk factors including enteral feeds, prematurity, and colonisation by potentially pathogenic bacteria are all critical to the development of NEC. In recent years, much interest has focused on the immunological pathways involved but ultimately, NEC is a disease characterised by ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) to the bowel. Ischaemic conditioning is a phenomenon whereby brief episodes of non-injurious ischaemia and reperfusion ‘condition’ tissue and organs to be resistant to IRI. Remote ischaemic conditioning (RIC) refers to the fact that the conditioning can be done to one organ or tissue and provide a protective effecton a different organ. The fact that the conditioning can be done on skeletal muscle with a simple blood pressure cuff inflated to above systolic pressure for short periods of time means that this has the potential to be easily translated to clinical practice.In this work, I used a rat model of NEC based on creating an ischaemia-reperfusion injury to the bowel that produces a similar injury pattern and systemic effects to human NEC.Animals that underwent RIC immediately prior to injury had significant decreases in both the extent and severity of the bowel injury. Similarly, animals that underwent RIC following the ischaemic insult demonstrated reduced injury although the effect was not as pronounced as those who had the RIC prior to injury. Furthermore, a protective effect was demonstrated in animals that had the RIC upto 48 hours prior to injury. An additive effect was seen if the animals underwent two separate cycles of RIC 48 hours apart.Analysis of serum cytokine levels across the various protocols supports a role for IFN-γ, IL-1β and IL-4 in the transmission of RIC: All three may be important in the pathway of delivering a protective effect in a distant organ.Whole transcriptome analysis performed on the intestine showed that multiple pathways are involved in this process including the down-regulation of NF-ĸβ which is known to be a central regulator of multiple pro-inflammatory pathways. This is particularly appealing as NF-ĸβ is important for the pathogenesis of NEC at several stages in the process.NEC remains a devastating disease, very much in need of novel therapeutic options. These results collectively show the potential for using RIC as that novel therapeutic option. The potential protective effect of RIC even 48 hours later as well as the additive effect of more than one application provides a good starting point for designing a protocol for a clinical study. The data on the mechanisms of RIC also deserve further study
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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