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Organisation et contraintes de la commercialisation des semences améliorées de mil et de niébé à l’ouest du Niger
Full text linkIn Niger, the supply of declared quality seed remains a major challenge for farmers who mostly use traditional varieties despite their purity problem. Recently, there has been a mobilization of actors around the improved seeds sector. This paper analyzes the organization and constraints of marketing certified improved seeds of millet and cowpea. The data was collected among 57 seed producers, 2 farmers\u27 organizations, 4 sales’ point/input shops and a seed company. These actors were sampled systematically, data were collected through a questionnaire survey and the analysis was undertaken by using sector approache. The results show that the seeds producers, their organization, the seed company, the collectors/distributors, the retail outlets/shops, the state/ partners and the user producers are the direct actors in the marketing circuit of improved seeds. The characteristics of the demand for these strategic inputs are difficult to establish in this area. However, most of producers’ seeds is purchased by the seed companies and the State and its partners. There is no proper coordination in the formation of seeds prices. But, it is strongly influenced by a production contract that links the private to producer’s seeds. The marketing meets many technical constraints of production and constraints of markets/financial. To ensure the sustainability of the certified improved seeds sector and its contribution to food security and poverty reduction, actions are needed in the characterization of demand, pricing and appropriate marketing strategies. Thus, estimating demand and setting sales prices before the start of the agricultural season allows for market-oriented seed production. Information and small-volume sales in villages can help market seeds.
Keywords: Marketing, Market Economy, Niger, Sector, Improved seedAu Niger, l’approvisionnement en semences de qualité déclarée reste un grand défi pour les agriculteurs qui utilisent majoritairement des variétés traditionnelles malgré leur problème de pureté. Récemment, on a observé une mobilisation des acteurs autours de la filière semences améliorées. Cet article analyse l’organisation et les contraintes de la commercialisation des semences améliorées certifiées de mil et de niébé. L’étude a été conduite auprès de 57 producteurs multiplicateurs, 2 organisations paysannes, 4 points de ventes/boutiques d’intrants et une entreprise semencière. Ces acteurs ont été échantillonnés de façon systématique, une enquête par questionnaire a permis de collecter les données et l’approche filière a servi dans l’analyse. Les résultats montrent que les producteurs multiplicateurs, leurs groupements, l’entreprise semencière, les collecteurs/distributeurs, les points de vente/boutiques d’intrants, l’Etat/partenaires et les producteurs utilisateurs sont les acteurs directs du circuit de commercialisation de ces semences. Les caractéristiques de la demande en ces intrants stratégiques sont difficiles à établir dans cette zone. Toutefois, l’essentiel des semences des producteurs multiplicateurs est acheté par les entreprises semencières et l’Etat et ses partenaires. Il n’existe pas à proprement parler une coordination dans la formation de prix des semences. Mais, il est fortement influencé par un contrat de production qui lie les privés aux producteurs multiplicateurs. La commercialisation rencontre de nombreuses contraintes techniques de production et celles de marchés/financières. Pour assurer la durabilité de la filière semences améliorées certifiées et sa contribution dans la sécurité alimentaire et la réduction de la pauvreté, des actions sont nécessaires dans la caractérisation de la demande, la fixation des prix et les stratégies adaptées de commercialisation. Ainsi, l’estimation de la demande et la fixation de prix de vente avant le démarrage de la campagne agricole permettent une production de semences orientée vers le marché. L’information et les ventes en petites quantités dans les villages peuvent aider à commercialiser les semences.
Mots clés: Commercialisation, Economie de marché, Filière, Semences améliorées, Nige
Analyse de la commercialisation de la pastèque dans la ville de Maradi au Niger
Full text linkIn Niger, watermelon is a highly commercialized fruit due to its significant socio-economic importance to actors in the value chain. This study aims to analyze the marketing of watermelon fruit. The methodology was based on a survey of 96 traders selected using a reasoned approach. Data analysis was based on descriptive statistics and the agricultural budgeting approach. The results show that several varieties of watermelon are sold in the markets of Maradi, the most important of which are Kaolack and El Kassa. Watermelon comes from various areas of Niger and Nigeria. During the year, watermelons are abundant from January to March and July to August. The monthly net profit from watermelon sales is 408,000 CFA francs for wholesalers and 25,000 CFA francs for retailers. Thus, the sale of watermelons is a profitable activity for traders. Watermelon traders face many constraints that limit the development of their business. These results can be used by decision-makers in actions to promote the sustainable development of the watermelon value chain in Niger and West Africa.
Keywords: Watermelon, Marketing, Profitability, and NigerAu Niger, la pastèque est un fruit très commercialisé en raison de son importante socio-économique aux acteurs de la chaîne de valeur. La présente étude a pour objectif d’analyser la commercialisation des fruits de la pastèque. La méthodologie s’est basée sur une enquête auprès des 96 commerçants sélectionnés de manière raisonnée. L’analyse des données s’est basée sur des statistiques descriptives et l’approche de la budgétisation agricole. Les résultats montrent que plusieurs variétés de pastèque sont commercialisées sur les marchés de Maradi dont les plus importantes sont constituées de Kaolack et El kassa. La pastèque provient de diverses zones du Niger et du Nigeria. Dans l’année, la pastèque est abondante de janvier à mars puis de juillet à août. Le bénéfice net mensuel de commercialisation de la pastèque est de 408 000 et 25 000 FCFA respectivement pour le grossiste et le détaillant. Ainsi, la commercialisation des fruits de la pastèque est une activité rentable pour les commerçants. Les commerçants de la pastèque sont confrontés à de nombreuses contraintes qui limitent le développement de leur activité. Ces résultats peuvent servir les décideurs dans les actions de promotion durable de la chaîne de valeur pastèque au Niger et en Afrique de l’Ouest.
Mots-clés: Pastèque, Commercialisation, Rentabilité et Nige
Modélisation des décisions des agriculteurs sur l\u27adoption et l\u27intensification des semences améliorées du niébé au Niger
Full text linkIn Niger, global change leads farmers increasingly to intensify their agricultural production. That is one of the reason improved seeds have been diffused among farmers since decades. The study uses Logit and Tobit software for modeling farmers’ decision on adoption and intensification of improved cowpea seeds. The sample consisted of 612 agricultural households selected by random sampling without replacement in 16 villages. Data was collected in 2015 to 2016 through individual survey and focus group. The results show that the rate of improved cowpea seed adoption is 39.7% after three years of introduction. The accessibility of village, age and availability, accessibility of seeds determine at the same time decisions of adoption and intensification of improved cowpea seeds. The probability of improved seeds adoption is determined by education, access to agricultural extension and adaptability, productivity of seeds. Crops Risk perception and preference, precocity of seeds only affect the intensification probability. The analysis of marginal effects shows that adoption probability increases for accessibility of village, education, access to agricultural extension and adaptability, availability and productivity of improved seeds. On the other hand, the probability decreases for age and the availability of seed. Looking at also the marginal effects on seed intensification, it was observed that the probability increases for accessibility of village, perception of production risk and preference, availability and precocity of improved seeds. However, this probability decreases for age and seeds accessibility. These determinants of adoption and intensification are essential for improved seeds dissemination action to enhance the rate of adoption, intensity of seeds use, impact and sustainability for producers.
Keywords: Modelling, determinants, adoption, intensification and improved cowpea seed.Au Niger, les agriculteurs utilisent les semences améliorées pour intensifier leur production agricole. L’étude utilise les modèles Logit et Tobit pour modéliser les décisions d’adoption et d’intensification des semences améliorées du niébé. L’échantillon est constitué de 612 ménages agricoles choisis de manière aléatoire simple sans remise au niveau de 16 villages. Les données ont été collectées grâce à une enquête par questionnaire et focus group réalisée en 2015-2016. Les résultats montrent un taux d’adoption de 39,7 % de semences améliorées du niébé. L’adoption des semences améliorées du niébé est déterminée par l’éducation, l’accès à la vulgarisation agricole et adaptabilité, productivité des semences. L’intensité de cette adoption est déterminée par la perception du risque de production et préférence, précocité des semences. Ces déterminants d’adoption et d’intensification sont essentiels pour toute action de diffusion des semences améliorées afin de rehausser le taux d’adoption, l’intensité d’utilisation, l’impact et la durabilité chez les producteurs.
Mots clés: Modélisation, adoption, intensification et semences améliorées, niébé.
 
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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