1,720,958 research outputs found
Mapping and spatial management ofrisks in urban Sahel through the ex ample of Niamey (Niger)
No full textLes risques urbains constituent un sujet de préoccupation majeure dans les villes du monde entier et singulièrement dans celles des pays sous-développés où les priorités sont immenses et les moyens dérisoires. La ville considérée comme un espace d'épanouissement ou de refuge n'arrive plus à répondre aux besoins parfois essentiels des citadins. A Niamey, les risques urbains concernent tous les paysages de la ville. La spatialisation des risques montre que les barrières entre «riches et pauvres» sont parfois dépassées par les risques même si dans tous les cas, les plus vulnérables sont souvent les plus démunis du fait de leur faible résilience. La perception des risques par certains
acteurs en lutte pour la survie ne leur empêche pas d'oser braver cette probabilité. En effet, entre un événement probable et les dures réalités quotidiennes, le choix est toujours simple: vivre au présent sans trop se soucier des incertitudes du lendemain. L'enquête menée auprès de 600 ménages a mis en évidence le degré d'exposition aux risques dans l'ensemble de la ville. Au-delà de la différenciation des comportements individuels, les résultats montrent une réelle volonté de participer activement à la vie de la cité car tous les acteurs reconnaissent leur part de responsabilité dans le danger qui guette la société. Cependant, le réel problème semble être la crise de confiance entre gouvernants et gouvernés. Or, les risques urbains à Niamey résultent en grande partie d'un manque de concertation entre les acteurs et de coordination des actions. Bref, les risques urbains révèlent les atermoiements d'un système de gestion aussi injuste qu' inefficace. Or si la pauvreté est le lit des risques et des violences, la mal gouvernance est le drap dans lequel ils se couvrent et leur implosion est préjudiciable à toute la société.Urban hazard are a major concern in cities around the world and especially in those developing countries where priorities are huge and ridiculous means. The city as an area of development or place for shelter can no longer meet the needs of city dwellers, although essential. In Niamey, the hazards relate to aU urban landscapes of the city. Spatialization of hazards shows that the barri ers between "rich and poor" are sometimes exceeded by the hazards. However in all cases, the most vulnerable are often the most disadvantaged because of their low resilience. Hazard perception by sorne actors fighting for their survival does not prevent dare defy probability. Indeed, between a probable event and the harsh realities of daily life, the choice is always simple: to live with these circumstances without too much worry about tomOITOW'S uncertainties. The survey of 600 households showed the degree ofhazard exposure throughout the city. Beyond the differentiation of individual behavior, the results show a real willingness to participate actively in the life of the city because all actors recognize their responsibility in danger for society. However, the real problem seems to be the crisis of trust between rulers and ruled. However, urban hazards in Niamey are widely due to a lack of consultation between stakeholders and coordination of actions. In short, urban hazard reveals the procrastination of a management system as unfair and inefficient. But if poverty is the bed of the risks and violence, po or govemance is the cloth in which they cover themselves and their implosion is detrimental to aIl of society
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Les inondations à Niamey, enjeux autour d’un phénomène complexe
Get PDFLe site qui aurait joué un rôle important dans le choix de Niamey comme chef-lieu du territoire et capitale de la colonie du Niger à cause de la présence du fleuve dans cette partie du Sahel, où la présence d’un cours d’eau permanent est une source de stabilité, peut aussi avoir des conséquences sur les hommes et leurs biens. La présence du fleuve et des vallées peut être source de dangers pour une population très vulnérable. Cette vulnérabilité est accentuée par la pauvreté de la majorité des citadins, l’absence d’aménagement préalable des sites destinés à l’habitat, mais encore et surtout l’occupation des sites inondables par des populations déterminées à avoir un « chez soi ». La multiplication des acteurs urbains, la violation des textes par les uns et les autres, et le bas niveau de vie sont autant des facteurs qui accentuent les risques lors d’une inondation. Les inondations semblent cycliques dans certains secteurs de la ville et annuelles dans d’autres. Pourtant en dépit de cette évidence, des moyens tardent à être mis en place afin de diminuer les risques.The site played an important role in the choice of Niamey as the capital of the territory and capital of the colony of Niger through the presence of the river in this part of the Sahel, where the presence of a perennial stream is a source of stability, can also affect people and their property. The presence of river valleys can be a source of danger to a highly vulnerable population. This vulnerability is compounded by the poverty of the majority of urban dwellers, lack of prior development of sites for habitat, but also and especially the occupation sites flooded by people determined to have a “home”. The proliferation of urban actors, the violation of the texts by each other, and the low standard of living are all factors that increase the risks during a flood. The floods seem to ring in some areas of the city and annual in others. Yet despite this evidence, means slow to be implemented to reduce risks
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
- …
