1,720,999 research outputs found
Gran Bretagna
No full textRisposte ad un survey di diritto comparato sul tema della famiglia, dei minori e dei diritti sottesi. L'articolo risponde alle domande aventi ad oggetto il sistema inglese, in ottica comparata con quello italiano
Italy dealing with orphanages' closing: make a virtue of necessity
No full textAfter the orphanages' closing in Italy: reflections on the outcomes. The new rules for fostercare and adoption in Italy. Following an initial success of the Hague Convention, with the number of international adoptions rising up due to the entering into the Convention of many sending countries (Russia, Belarus, Poland, Cameroon, Morocco, Costa Rica, Chile, Brazil...), problems have started to appear: many sending countries, in order to avoid any risk of children's trade, have restrained the scope of international adoption, requiring that children be held for long periods to explore in-country placement options, before any placement abroad. Indeed, nowadays it has became extremely rare for children under the age of one to be placed, with the immediate consequence of a recent consistent drop in the number of international adoptions.
In addition, national laws (implementing the Hague Convention) have introduced complicated bureaucracy, different from country to country: e.g. in Italy it is compulsory to get the former approval by the Minor Court before any further step can be taken by the adoptive parents, while in China it is up to the Central Government the duty to accept applicants for adoption into the so called “Log in Date” Program and allow them to start the adopting process.
As a result, only a tiny fraction of those who might want to adopt a child from another country are therefore able to succeed: in fact, only few of them can get an extended leave at work to accomplish with the adoptive-proceeding, and even less are able to bear the high costs of it.
In light of the reflections above, several different contrasts between the Hague Convention and the Human Rights protection can be pointed out:
1- the international adoption itself could be considered as a violation of human rights, depriving children of their heritage birthright, of their original cultural, religious and national values;
2- an inexcusable human right violation is committed by those sending countries, which consider international adoption as “ultima ratio”, applicable only after children have already spent quite a long stay in national orphanages or institutions (with insufficient health care, non adequate education, and all the other foreseeable problems), waiting for a in-country adoption;
3- the Hague Convention, by imposing more and more requirements on both parties, have stretched out the overall length of the adoptive procedure, with the result that thousands of children every year are forced to stay in institutions, despite the fact that many adopting parents would be able and pleased to welcome them as soon as possible.
The procedure outlined by the Hague Convention works at slow motion, since it requires a central check governed by the two national agencies of the sending and of the receiving country; each agency therefore has to gather information from local representatives as well as from the central agency of the other country. It is of immediate evidence that such a strict centralization takes much more time, than if the process was handled directly by the local representatives involved in the first steps of the procedure.
The conflict described above, between the Hague Convention and the Human Rights protection, takes place in several countries.
The current paper aims at analysing whether the contrast above could lead to the illegal violation of any human right, with the consequent need of a dramatic change in the operating scheme drawn by the Hague Convention
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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