1,720,956 research outputs found
Bi-layered self-emulsifying pellets prepared by co-extrusion and spheronization: influence of formulation variables and preliminary study on the in vivo absorption
No full textThe aim of this work was to produce by co-extrusion–spheronization pellets with two cohesive layers, one of them containing a selfemulsifying system for vinpocetine, a poorly water soluble model drug. Two layers were prepared: an inert layer of microcrystalline cellulose, lactose and water and a second one wetted with the self-emulsifying system. The screening amongst formulations was performed preparing rod extrudates and using the extrusion profiles to assess their suitability for extrusion and to anticipate quality of the spheronized extrudates. Tubular extrudates and co-extrudates/spheronized pellets were then produced. Two types of bi-layered pellets were prepared: type I with the self-emulsifying system internally and the inert matrix externally, whereas type II vice versa. The preliminary technological and pharmacokinetic data demonstrated that co-extrusion/spheronization is a viable technology to produce bi-layered cohesive self-emulsifying pellets of good quality and improved in vivo bioavailability
Sistemi autoemulsionanti solidi
No full text2009/2010Visto l’attuale interesse dell’industria farmaceutica verso le formulazioni solide autoemulsionanti, il lavoro di tesi è stato direzionato verso l’analisi esplorativa di forme farmaceutiche solide innovative, utilizzando il processo di estrusione-sferonizzazione, per la preparazione di sistemi autoemulsionanti solidi (SEDDS) al fine di migliorarne l’assorbimento sistemico di farmaci poco solubili.
La tecnologia suddetta è un metodo polifasico di granulazione ad umido, la quale prevede di umettare una determinata quantità di polvere, costituente la fase solida, con un liquido adatto e di processare la massa umida, così ottenuta, tramite appropriate apparecchiature in granuli destinati ad essere essiccati. La metodologia consiste nel mescolare il materiale in un apposito mixer, estruderlo in granuli cilindrici, sferonizzarlo per ottenere sferette (pellets) abbastanza uniformi, e quindi essiccarlo (Figura 10).
Tale procedimento è stato sfruttato per il caricamento del sistema autoemulsionante, costituito quest’ultimo da un sistema lipidico contenente principi attivi poco solubili (silimarina: fitocomplesso del Cardo Mariano e vinpocetina), caricati su un supporto solido composto da cellulosa microcristallina e lattosio.
Mediante l’utilizzo di un estrusore a pistone è stato possibile verificare la fattibilità del processo di estrusione/sferonizzazione, valutando la relazione che intercorre, nella camera d’estrusione , tra la forza di estrusione richiesta dai diversi sistemi formulativi per ottenere successivamente pellets contenenti il sistema autoemulsionante e lo spostamento del pistone.
I pellets così ottenuti sono stati successivamente caratterizzati in vitro, effettuando prove di caratterizzazione tecnologica quali: densità, diametro, durezza, test di disgregazione e dissoluzione in vitro e valutandone la loro biodisponibilità in vivo dei loro principi attivi.XXIII Ciclo198
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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