1,721,014 research outputs found
Systematic approach to human error in radiology
Full text linkWe propose a systematic approach to human errors in radiology. We consider perceptual, cognitive and system errors. Practical aspects with psychological and clinical involvement are discussed with tree diagrams
L’acquedotto vestibolare largo: follow up audiologico e caratteristiche radiologiche in una coorte di 46 pazienti
No full textSCOPO DELLO STUDIO: Lo scopo di questo studio è la definizione delle caratteristiche audiologiche e radiologiche in un gruppo di pazienti con slargamento dell’acquedotto vestibolare (enlarged vestibular aqueduct, EVA) associato alla ricerca di malformazioni cocleari aggiuntive dell’orecchio interno in accordo con Wangemann (2011).
METODI: Lo slargamento dell’acquedotto vestibolare è stato riscontrato in 46 pazienti ipoacusici seguiti presso il Servizio di Audiologia e Foniatria dell’ospedale di Treviso che sono stati sottoposti a TC e/o RMN di rocche petrose e mastoidi. Lo studio audiologico consisteva nell’esecuzione di audiometria tonale, impedenzometria e registrazione dei potenziali evocati uditivi del tronco encefalico (ABR). Le immagini radiologiche sono state riesaminate per evidenziare la presenza di eventuali malformazioni dell’orecchio interno associate allo slargamento dell’acquedotto.
RISULTATI: Dei 46 pazienti inclusi nello studio, 39 (84,8%) presentavano una ipoacusia bilaterale e 7 (15,2%) una ipoacusia monolaterale. L’età al momento della diagnosi variava da 3 mesi a 40 anni. Undici pazienti (23,9%) lamentavano la presenza di acufeni e 4 (8,7%) di fullness auricolare. Sintomi vestibolari erano presenti nel 17,4% dei casi. In 9 pazienti è stato evidenziato un calo improvviso dell’udito (19,6%). Nei soggetti con ipoacusia bilaterale la perdita uditiva si presentava simmetrica in 18 casi (46,1% ) e asimmetrica nei restanti 21 (53,8%). L’ipoacusia era di tipo neuroensoriale in 71 orecchi e mista nei restanti nove. Il grado di perdita uditiva era profondo in 33 orecchi (41,2%), grave in 22 (27,5%), moderato in 21 (26,2%) e lieve in 3 (3,7%). Le configurazioni audiometriche più frequenti erano il profilo in discesa (66,25%) e la curva piatta (22,5%). Più raramente erano interessate selettivamente le frequenze medie (3,75%) o acute (2,5%). Durante il periodo di follow up la progressione della perdita uditiva è stata osservata nel 32,5% degli orecchi studiati (n=20).
Alla valutazione radiologica lo slargamento dell’acquedotto vestibolare era identificabile in 80 su 92 (86,9%) orecchi e si presentava come malformazione isolata in 62. Anomalie cocleari associate sono state identificate nel 22,5% dei casi (18 orecchi) e consistevano in partizione incompleta tipo II, dilatazione e aplasia dei canali semicircolari, dilatazione del vestibolo, ipoplasia del modiolo.
DISCUSSIONE: Le caratteristiche cliniche e audiologiche dei pazienti con acquedotto vestibolare largo inclusi nella nostra casistica sono in sostanziale accordo con i dati della letteratura. Il riscontro di una elevata percentuale di malformazioni cocleari associate potrebbe essere riconducibile ad anomalie dello sviluppo embrionale del vestibolo su base genetica in accordo con quanto suggerito da Wangemann (2011).Questa ipotesi può essere tuttavia verificata solo dopo accertamento della prevalenza di malformazioni cocleari nei soggetti normoacusici e nei pazienti ipoacusici che presentino un acquedotto di dimensioni normali.
CONCLUSIONI: L’identificazione di uno slargamento dell’ acquedotto vestibolare rappresenta un dato diagnostico e prognostico di rilievo che richiede l’esecuzione di un attento follow up audiologico associato all’accurata valutazione dei dati radiologici per la frequente associazione di malformazioni cocleari aggiuntive
Bilateral simultaneous cochlear implant in an adult with anacusis due to bacterial meningitis.
No full textA singular case of hyposmia and transient audiovestibular post-vaccine disorders: Case report and literature review
Full text linkIntroduction: Rare and mild adverse effects on cranial nerves have been reported after vaccination. Here, we report a singular case of smell and taste disorder associated with tinnitus that occurred after Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccination together with a review of the available literature. Case presentation: A 76-year-old patient experienced smell disorder, ear fullness and tinnitus 2 days after the first dose of Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine. The patient then underwent a complete audiological and Ear, Nose and Throat evaluation, nasal endoscopy, Sniffin'Sticks battery, audiometric test battery, and cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The exams revealed hyposmia and bilateral reduction of the volume of the olfactory bulbs (OB). At the follow-up, tinnitus was completely resolved while olfactory dysfunction only partially reduced. Review of the literature: A PubMed search was conducted on olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions after COVID-19 vaccination resulting in four case reports with a total of 10 patients. The main symptoms were hyposmia, parosmia, and dysgeusia developed after 1-9 days from vaccination with complete resolution occurring within 1 month. Notably, none of the considered articles reported reduction of OB volumes at cerebral MRI. Discussion: So far, no definitive cause-effect relationship has been established between anti-COVID19 vaccination and otolaryngologic adverse reactions. The persistence of hyposmia in our patient could possibly be explained by the reduction in OB volume, even though also the advanced age of the patient needs to be taken into account. This is a first indication of a cause-effect relation between hyposmia and Covid19 vaccination, even though a more robust study is needed to confirm the autoimmunological mechanisms responsible for these rare adverse reactions. However, it is worth highlighting that benefits of the anti-COVID-19 vaccination clearly outweigh the risk of rare adverse events
Pneumo-membranous labyrinth after hyperbaric oxygen therapy for sudden sensorineural hearing loss.
No full textPneumo-membranous labyrinth is an almost unique condition, in which air extends into the membranous labyrinth, filling the endolymphatic sac through the vestibular aqueduct. In this manuscript, we describe and discuss a case of pneumo-membranous labyrinth, with air bubbles extending also to the endolymphatic sac, resulting in anacusis, following hyperbaric oxygen therapy for sudden sensorineural hearing loss. The patient was successfully rehabilitated with a cochlear implant, obtaining a pure-tone average of 30 dB, with a speech discrimination score of 100% at 70 dB. Laryngoscope, 134:3773–3777, 2024
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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