1,786,572 research outputs found
Characterisation of bovine leukocyte Ig-like receptors
No full textLeukocyte Immunoglobulin-like receptors (LILR) are innate immune receptors involved in regulating both innate and
adaptive immune functions. LILR show more interspecies conservation than the closely related Killer Ig-like receptors, and homologues have been identified in rodents, primates, seals and chickens. The murine equivalents, paired Ig-like receptors (PIR), contain two additional immunoglobulin domains, but show strong sequence and functional similarities to human LILR. The bovine genome was recently sequenced, with preliminary annotations indicating that LILR were present in this species. We therefore sought to identify and characterize novel LILR within the Bos taurus genome, compare these phylogenetically with LILR from other species and determine whether they were expressed in vivo. Twenty six potential bovine LILR were initially identified using BLAST and BLAT software. Phylogenetic analysis constructed using the neighbourjoining method, incorporating pairwise deletion and confidence limits estimated from 1000 replicates using bootstrapping, indicated that 16 of these represent novel bovine LILR. Protein structures defined using protein BLAST predict that the bovine LILR family comprises seven putative inhibitory, four activating and five soluble receptors. Preliminary expression analysis was performed by mapping the predicted sequences with raw data from total transcript sequence generated using Genome Analyzer IIx (Illumina) to provide evidence that all 16 of these receptors are expressed in vivo. The bovine receptor family appears to contain receptors which resemble the six domain rodent PIR as well as the four domain LILR found in other species
Ig-like fold domains of ChiW.
No full text(A and B) The Ig-1 (A), and Ig-2 (B) domains are shown as ribbon models. (C) Structural comparison of ChiW-CD (left figure) and Micromonospora viridifaciens sialidase (PDB ID: 2BQ9) (right figure). The Ig-2 domain and the bacterial sialidase linker domain are very similar structures (rmsd, 2.1 Å).</p
Plaque reduction neutralizing antibody titers (90%) of ZIKV-IG and placebo-IG-treated animals.
No full textLongitudinal neutralizing antibody titers of ZIKV-IG-treated animals (red). Placebo-IG PRNT90 titers were measured at 0 and 27 dpi only (blue). Dotted vertical lines represent the time point 1 hour post-ZIKV-IG infusion for reference. Mean titers with 95% CI are plotted.</p
242-Ig-Worlu-Signage and Information and Communication Technology.pdf
No full textThis study was aimed at investigating the extent to which signage and ICT facilities correlate to the utilisation of information resources in federal university libraries in South-South zone of Nigeria. The correlational research design was adopted for the study. Three research questions were answered while three hypotheses were tested. The population of the study comprised 32,190 registered library users for the 2017/2018 academic session and 776 library staff from six federal university libraries in south-south zones of Nigeria. The sample size for the study was 3,219 registered library users and 310 library staff representing 10% and 40% of the population respectively. A two-stage sampling technique of stratified and simple sampling techniques was used to select the sample size. Two Sets of instruments titled; “Signage and Information and Communication Technology Facilities Questionnaire (SICTFQ)” for the students and “Utilization of Information Resources Questionnaire (UIRQ)”were used for data collection. Face and content validity was ensured by three experts. The two instruments yielded reliability coefficients of 0.81 and 0.87 respectively with the use of Cronbach Alpha. Mean was used in answering research questions while Regression was used in testing the null hypotheses at 0.05 alpha level. It was found that to a great extent signage relates to the utilisation of information resources while information and communication technology facilities is the vice versa. Based on the findings, it was concluded that jointly, signage and ICT facilities are significant correlate to the utilisation of information resources in federal university libraries in South–South zone of Nigeria. It was therefore recommended among others that library management should improve on the provision of signage by ensuring that well-designed signage suitable for the 21st century is placed at strategic location to guide library users on the utilisation of information resources in federal universities libraries in South-South zone of Nigeria.</p
Modulation of Toll-like receptor activity by leukocyte Ig-like receptors and their effects during bacterial infection.
No full textToll-like receptors (TLRs) are a potent trigger for inflammatory immune responses. Without tight regulation their activation could lead to pathology, so it is imperative to extend our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms that govern TLR expression and function. One family of immunoregulatory proteins which can provide a balancing effect on TLR activity are the Leukocyte Ig-like receptors (LILRs), which act as innate immune receptors for self-proteins. Here we describe the LILR family, their inhibitory effect on TLR activity in cells of the monocytic lineage, their signalling pathway, and their antimicrobial effects during bacterial infection. Agents have already been identified which enhances or inhibits LILR activity raising the future possibility that modulation of LILR function could be used as a means to modulate TLR activity
IgA in the horse: cloning of equine polymeric Ig receptor and J chain and characterization of recombinant forms of equine IgA
No full textAs in other mammals, immunoglobulin A (IgA) in the horse has a key role in immune defense. To better dissect equine IgA function, we isolated complementary DNA (cDNA) clones for equine J chain and polymeric Ig receptor (pIgR). When coexpressed with equine IgA, equine J chain promoted efficient IgA polymerization. A truncated version of equine pIgR, equivalent to secretory component, bound with nanomolar affinity to recombinant equine and human dimeric IgA but not with monomeric IgA from either species. Searches of the equine genome localized equine J chain and pIgR to chromosomes 3 and 5, respectively, with J chain and pIgR coding sequence distributed across 4 and 11 exons, respectively. Comparisons of transcriptional regulatory sequences suggest that horse and human pIgR expression is controlled through common regulatory mechanisms that are less conserved in rodents. These studies pave the way for full dissection of equine IgA function and open up possibilities for immune-based treatment of equine diseases
Τα P&I Clubs και τα IG
No full textΣκοπός της παρούσας εργασίας είναι να εξετάσει τον ρόλο των P&I Clubs και του IG στην ναυτική ασφάλιση. Σε σχέση λοιπόν με αυτό το σκοπό, η πτυχιακή έχει τους παρακάτω στόχους: α) να διερευνήσει τους παράγοντες που επηρεάζουν την ναυτική ασφάλιση και τα ναυτικά ατυχήματα, β) να εξετάσει την αποτελεσματικότητα των P&I Clubs και του IG σχετικά με την ναυτική ασφάλιση και γ) να διερευνήσει τις απόψεις των στελεχών της ναυτιλίας σχετικά με την λειτουργία των P&I Clubs και του IG.
Τα αποτελέσματα της έρευνας έδειξαν ότι οι βασικοί παράγοντες πρόκλησης ναυτικών ατυχημάτων είναι το κακό επίπεδο επικοινωνίας μεταξύ των μελών του πληρώματος του πλοίου και των εργαζόμενων του λιμανιού, καθώς και επίσης η κακή επικοινωνία μεταξύ των μελών του ίδιου πληρώματος, το ανθρώπινο λάθος, η κούραση του προσωπικού, η έλλειψη εκπαίδευσης και κατάρτισης των πληρωμάτων σε θέματα που είναι σχετικά με την ναυτική ασφάλεια και την διαχείριση των κρίσεων κατά την διάρκεια του ταξιδιού, οι καιρικές συνθήκες, οι πυρκαγιές και οι μηχανικές βλάβες.
Όσον αφορά την λειτουργία των P&I Clubs, η έρευνα έδειξε ότι είναι ιδιαίτερα αποτελεσματικά στο να αντιμετωπίζουν τις συνέπειες των ναυτικών ατυχημάτων και να ρυθμίζουν την καταβολή αποζημιώσεων. Αυτή τους η ιδιότητα έχει βαρύνουσα σημασία για τις εταιρείες που δραστηριοποιούντα στον ναυτιλιακό κλάδο γιατί μειώνει το ρίσκο των επιχειρήσεων και της βοηθάει να αντιμετωπίσουν μια κατάσταση η οποία δεν μπορεί από πριν να προβλεφθεί και να αντιμετωπιστεί. Τα P&I Clubs εξυπηρετούν καλύτερα τα συμφέροντα σχετικά μεγάλων ναυτιλιακών εταιρειών που έχουν να διαχειριστούν πλοία μεγαλύτερης χωρητικότητας. Το γεγονός αυτό έχει δώσει στους συγκεκριμένους οργανισμούς και έναν πολιτικό ρόλο μέσα στον οποίο λειτουργούν ως ομάδες πίεσης υπέρ των συμφερόντων των μελών του
The Turkey Ig-like receptor family: identification, expression and function.
No full textThe chicken leukocyte receptor complex located on microchromosome 31 encodes the chicken Ig-like receptors (CHIR), a vastly expanded gene family which can be further divided into three subgroups: activating CHIR-A, bifunctional CHIR-AB and inhibitory CHIR-B. Here, we investigated the presence of CHIR homologues in other bird species. The available genome databases of turkey, duck and zebra finch were screened with different strategies including BLAST searches employing various CHIR sequences, and keyword searches. We could not identify CHIR homologues in the distantly related zebra finch and duck, however, several partial and complete sequences of CHIR homologues were identified on chromosome 3 of the turkey genome. They were designated as turkey Ig-like receptors (TILR). Using cDNA derived from turkey blood and spleen RNA, six full length TILR could be amplified and further divided according to the typical sequence features into one activating TILR-A, one inhibitory TILR-B and four bifunctional TILR-AB. Since the TILR-AB sequences all displayed the critical residues shown to be involved in binding to IgY, we next confirmed the IgY binding using a soluble TILR-AB1-huIg fusion protein. This fusion protein reacted with IgY derived from various gallinaceous birds, but not with IgY from other bird species. Finally, we tested various mab directed against CHIR for their crossreactivity with either turkey or duck leukocytes. Whereas no staining was detectable with duck cells, the CHIR-AB1 specific mab 8D12 and the CHIR-A2 specific mab 13E2 both reacted with a leukocyte subpopulation that was further identified as thrombocytes by double immunofluorescence employing B-cell, T-cell and thrombocyte specific reagents. In summary, although the turkey harbors similar LRC genes as the chicken, their distribution seems to be distinct with predominance on thrombocytes rather than lymphocytes
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