36,901 research outputs found
(20(4):70-73)LATENT PERIOD OF PROTATO LEAF ROLL VIRUS IN THE GREEN PEACH APHID
No full text本試驗在探究不同獲毒吸食時間及接種吸食時間對桃蚜傳播馬鈴薯捲葉病之影響，及該病病原毒素在桃蚜體內之潛伏期。本試驗結果桃蚜經由Physalis floridana Rydb.之馬鈴薯捲葉病病株獲得病毒所需較短獲毒吸食時間為5分鐘。本病帶毒桃蚜對農林1號及P. floridana傳染病毒所需較短接種吸食時間為5分鐘。在玻璃溫室中，桃蚜經由本病病株獲毒吸食6小時後，本病病毒在桃蚜體內之較短潛伏期為18~24 小時。本試驗結果與Day (1955), Williams (1957), Stegwee (1961)及Tanaka (1970)之報告相近似。
This paper reports the relationship of acquisition feeding period, inoculation feeding period and latent period to the aphid transmission of potato leaf roll virus by Myzus persicae sulz.,
The shortest period for acquisition feeding of potato leaf roll virus by green peach aphid form infected Physalis floridana Rydb. plants was 5 minutes. Viruliferous aphids transmitted the virus to healthy Nunlin No.1 and P. floridana plants by inoculation feeding of at least 5 minutes.
The shortest latent period of potato leaf roll virus in aphids after acquisition feeding of 6 hours was found to be 18-24 hours in green house temperature.
These results are comparable to those described by Day (1955), Williams (1957), Stegwee (1961) and Tanaka (1970)
(19(1):57-63)STUDIES ON THE VARIETAL RESISTANCE TO BUNCHY TOP DISEASE OF BANANA
No full text1.嘉義農業試驗分所香蕉品種保存園存有之矮腳蕉（Chinese dwarf）等35個香蕉品種，經以香蕉萎縮病（Banana bunchy top）帶毒蕉蚜（Pentalonia nigronervosa Cog.）傳染接種試驗結果，除龍芽蕉（Lung-Ya-Chiao）未顯示病徵而無感病外，其餘34品種皆為感受性。
2.選育仙山蕉及矮腳蕉之優良健苗，經以蚜蟲傳染試驗結果，顯示高度感受性呈現典型，壞疽型及劇烈型病徵，即葉片狹小直立，質脆，葉脈縮短，叢集頂端，葉脈有深綠色斷續線條，並形成壞疽型條斑及葉脈透明化病徵。
3.本所香蕉品種保存園，仙人蕉園及矮腳蕉園之田間自然罹病情形調查結果如次（於1968年～1969年間）：
A.香蕉品種保存園之Malaca等53品種內，計有Malaca等35種被傳染罹病，其萎縮病株率為六分之一至六分之三。其餘Lung-Ya-Chiao等18品種未發現病株。
B.1969年2月至6月間，調查本所7個仙人蕉園計1,715株，其平均萎縮病罹病株率為43％，最低達3％最高達7.5％，其劇烈型等病徵顯示該品種為高感受性。
C.1969年2月至6月間，調查本所矮腳蕉園112株，其平均萎縮病罹病株率為12.3％，其典型病徵顯示該品種為高度感受性。
Transmission Experiments and field observation on the varietal resistance to banana bunchy top were conducted at the Chiayi Agricultural Experiment Station from July 1968 to June 1969. Fifty-three banana varieties including the materials collected from native and Tropical Asia, and thirty plants selected from the Hsien-Jen-chiao and Chinese dwarf varieties were used.
According to the preliminary Experiments and observations, the results are briefed as follows:
1. Viruliferous aphids taken from bunchy top plants were traneferred to healthy suckers of thirty-five banana varieties to transmit bunchy top virus. Of the 35 varieties used, 34 of these showed typical symptoms of bunchy top were susceptible, while the Lung-ya-chiao variety showed no infected symptom.
2. Viruliferous aphids taken from bunchy top were trsnsferred to thirty lants of healthy suckers of Hisen-jen-chiao and Chinese dwarf, it showed highly susceptible, conspicuous stunting, leaves narrow and straight with short petioles, brittle in testure (typical form), dark-green streaks within the lamina (regular form), necrotic streaks on the surface of the lamina (severe form), and vein-clearing seen against light (severe form).
3. Observation on the spread and intensity of field varietal infections of banana bunchy top during 1968-1969. The results are briefed as follows:
(A) Fifty-three varieties of banana growing in the Chiayi Agricultural Experiment Station were used in this observation. Of the 53 varieties used, 35 of these showed infected symptom, were susceptible ranging from the infection rate of 1/6 to 3/6. For the remaining varieties, 18 showed no infected symptom.
(B) Total of 1715 plants of Hsien-jen-chiao variety were used in this observation and conducted from February to June 1969. 4.3% of these showed infected symptom, highly susceptible, ranging from 3% to 7.5%, it showed typical and severe symptoms.
(C) Total of 112 plants of Chinese dwarf variety were used in this observation and conducted from February to June 1969. 12.3% of these showed infected symptom, highly susceptible, is showed typical symptom
(19(4):68-70)Studies on W tcher’ Broom of Sweet Potato (V) Seed Transmission
No full text甘藷簇葉病不能經由 Ipomoea batatas Lam., Ipomoea nil Roth, Ipomoea pes-caprae sweet, Impomoea aquatica frosk, Impomoea satifera, Vinca L.等6種寄主植物病株之種子傳染。
Seed transmission of sweet potato withes’ broom disease was examined in artificially infected plants of Ipomoea Batatas Lam., Ipomoea nil Roth., Ipomoea pes-caprae Sweet.,
Ipomoea aquatica Forsk., Ipomoea satifera and Vinca rosea L., the negative results showed that the disease may not be transmitted by seed in different species of host plants so far tested
STUDIES ON THE WITCHES' BROOM OF SWEET POTATO (III) CONTACT PERIOD IN GRAFT TRANSMISSION
No full text本試驗自1968年10月至1970年4月間在嘉義農業試驗分所，從事甘藷簇葉病嫁接傳染試驗，比較各季節之嫁接合時間與嫁接傳染之關係，試驗結果，顯示木病需經嫁接接合8至10天以上始得嫁接傳染。春季（3月間）行穗接時，接合7天以下者，其傳染率為0，8天者為20%，31天者為100%。夏季（7月間）8天以下者為0，9天者20%，33天者為100%。秋季（10月間）9天以下者0，10天者為10%，32天者為80%。而靠接法嫁接傳染結果（5月至7月問），接合7天以下者其傳染率為0，8天者為20%，30天者為100%。春季之嫁接傳染速度較快，夏季次之，秋季又次之。而靠接法與德接法所得結果相似，沖繩1號與新竹1號兩所不同品種之砧木似無差異。
This paper reports the relationship of inoculum-receptor contact period to the rate of graft transmissiom of sweet potato witches' broom disease.
In experiments in which infected inoculum (Chin-kna-chie variety) was removed daily from healthy receptor (Okinawa 100, and Hsinchu 1. variety), the following transmission rates observed:
(1) 0 with an noculurn-receptor contact period of 7 day, 20% of 8 day and 100% of 31 day in the spring time.
(2) 0 of 8 day, 20% of 9 day and 100% of 33 day in the summer.
(3) 0 of 9 day, 10% of 10 day and 80%of 32 day in the autumn.
(4) 0 of 7 day, 20% of 8 day and 100% of 30 day during spring to summer time.
The sweet potato varieties involved in the inoculum-receptor combinations did not measurably influence the rate of graft transmission.
These results are comparable to those deseribed by Bennett (1943), Kunkel (1938) and Fridlund (1967)
(28(2):79-83)Study on the transmission of Crotalaria Witches’ broom in Taiwan
No full text臺灣太陽麻簇葉病病徵為花器葉化，異常分蘗叢生，形成帚狀，叢生分枝，病株少有結實。本病可經嫁接傳染，所得太陽麻病株之發病潛伏期在32-85 天。本病不能經由病株汁液接種傳染，亦不能經由太陽麻病株之種子傳染。本病可經由南斑葉蟬之蟲媒傳播，所得太陽麻病株之發病潛伏期為48-78 天。
Crotalaria witches’ broom, a newly found disease in Taiwan, was described. The diseaed plants produced phylloid flowers, abnormal shooting from the phyllody flowers, showed typical witches’ broom symptoms, and bearing seldom fruits. The disease could be transmitted by grafting and the incubation period of inoculated crotalaria plants ranged from 32 to 85 days.
The disease could not b transmitted by sap inoculation or through seed. Orosius orientalis was an efficient factor of the disease, and the incubation period of crotalaria plants inoculated by vect were ranged from 48 to 78 days
(41(3):276-2790Detection of pear viroids by cucumber assay (Research Note)
No full text採集凍存本省臺中地區梨品種幼葉並製作次病毒（viroid RNAs）接種源計145個材料、經於春夏季間進行梨次病毒之瓜苗檢定（cucumber assay）結果、供試6個品種145個梨幼葉材料中、發現有27個材料在接種之胡瓜指示植物（Cucumis sativus L. cv. Sūyō）呈現典型viroid病徵。在春夏季間其初期病徵顯現之潛伏期為43─58天。上述胡瓜病葉材料經重複回接在胡瓜（cv. Sūyō）結果皆得相同之病徵反應、該瓜苗指示植物在接種後6─8週呈現捲葉（leaf curling）及葉脈透化（vein clearing）等初期病徵、在後期呈現頂端黃化（top yellowing）及矮化（stunt）等特異性病徵。此項瓜苗檢定之病徵反應結果與日本佐野等報告之hop stunt viroid group相近似。
Pear viroid inocula were extracted from 145 leaf collections including six pear varieties cultivated in Taichung district. The pear viroids were detected in 27 out of 145 pear inoculum extractions by the viroid indexing method of cucumber assay during spring to summer season.
The pear viroid induced typical viroid symptoms on cucumber indicaror plant (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Sūyō) 6-8 weeks after inoculation. The infected cucumber plants showed viroid-specific symptoms of leaf curling, vein clearing, top yellowing and stunt, which were similar to those induced by hop stunt viroid group described by Sano et al. in Japan
STUDIES ON TOMATO WITCHES ROOM IN TAIWAN (1) GRAFT TRANSMISSION AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC OBSERVATON
No full text臺灣之蕃茄簇葉病於1975年在臺南發現，本病在臺灣尚未見有報告，病徵為花器葉化，花梗異常肥大伸長而直立叢生，葉化花異常分糵而簇生小葉形成帚狀分枝，其病徵近似Tomato big-bud或Tomato “Mal Azul”，病株可生長少數畸形果，惟少有結實。本病可經嫁接傳染，而其嫁接傳染發病潛伏期在35至55天。
本病病株之葉脈組織經超薄切片，電子顯微鏡觀察結果，在病組織之篩管細胞內發現多形性凝菌質體(Mycoplasma-like organism)之存在，凝菌質體直徑約為40-70nm，其形態大小及存在位置與其他已知簇葉病所發現之擬菌質體相類似，該項凝菌質體可能為本病病原。
Tomato witches’broom was first recognized by the senior author in Tainan district, Taiwan in 1975, and it was a newly recorded disease in this island. The diseased plants showed enlarged calyxes of flowers, abnormal upright-growing phylloid blossoms, abnormal little leaves and conical shoots growing from the crowded phylloid blossoms. There were few woody fruits, and the seeds were sterile. These disease symptoms resembled somewhat to those of big-bud, and of ’Mal Azul’ diseases in tomatoes. The vector was not known, but the infectious agent could be transmitted by grartting to healthy tomatoes, and the incubation period by grafting ranged from 35 to 55 days.
Electron microscopic examination made on thin-sections of tomato infected with witches’broom revealed the presence of pleomorphic bodies of Mycoplasma-like organism in the sieve tubes of diseased leaf tissues. Size of these bodies ranged from 40 to 740nm in diameter. Since morphology and localization of these bodies were similar to those of Mycoplasma-like organisms found previously elsewhere in witches’broom diseases, these pleomorphic bodies seemed to be the causal organism of tomato witches’broom disease
(39(3):204-207)落花生簇葉病病原在媒介昆蟲南斑葉蟬之潛伏期
No full textThe minimum periods of the acquisition and inoculation feedling for the insect transmission of peanut witches’ broom disease are six hours and one hour, respectively. The minimum incubation period of the disease agent in the vector Orosius orientalis is 11 days.
落花生簇葉病病原之經由南斑葉蟬（Orosius orientalis Matsumura）媒介傳染必需之最短獲毒吸食時間為6小時，最短接種吸食時間為1小時，媒介蟲體內之最短潛伏時間為11天
Financial Security of Elders in China
Full text linkChina is one of the largest countries in the world in terms of both geography and population size, with lower economic levels compared to the developed countries, and great regional differences. This paper introduces the rapid demographic changes of the Chinese population and the current financial security of elders in China. The World Bank’s multi-pillar model is used to explain the financial security of elders in China, which includes the current pension and health care systems in urban and rural areas in China respectively. The important issues of financial security of elders which the Chinese government should address in the near future are also discussed. The paper concludes with a consideration of the results of social welfare system reforms by the Chinese government and future research interests from a geographer’s perspective.Financial security, elders, social welfare system, China
Special issue: Process safety in times of a pandemic
No full textGreen Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Safety and Security Scienc
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