1,720,957 research outputs found
A Systemic Crisis: Political Consequences of the 1989 Tiananmen Square Events
No full textThe article attempts to revise the understanding of the nature of China’s 1989 Tiananmen Square crisis and its consequences in the context of comparison with Soviet/Russian history of 1980-1990s. Several dozens of studies and op-ed pieces focused on the problem earlier (especially in Russian-language literature) but these papers lacked Chinese sources, intended to liken the Tiananmen Square crisis to the Russian agenda, and simplified complicated cause-effects relations of the Chinese historical process. As a result, the conclusions are limited to the question of the necessity of a decisive crackdown on any turmoil or political manifestation as a sole tool to protect one nation’s stability and prosperity. China’s stability and prosperity after the Tiananmen Square Crisis should not be seen as a result of crackdowns. Paradoxically, despite the conservatives’ victory in 1989, China got back to the path of reforms several years after the Tiananmen Square events. It can be attributed to the complex set of internal and external factors, and the freezing of China’s political reforms was just one of them. Moreover, the process was facilitated not only by overcoming its political crisis but also by observing the revolutions of 1989 in Eastern Europe. Faced with the threat of being ousted from power, China’s elites consolidated – a factor that became crucial for the implementation of systemic market reforms in the 1990s. The author concludes that a similar situation was observed in post-Soviet Russia in 1998-2000: the Russian financial crisis and several events including Second Chechnya Campaign became the ‘backbone crisis’ of Vladimir Putin’s presidency
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
STRENGTHENING OF “POWER VERTICAL”: ALLOCATION AND PROMOTION OF REGIONAL LEADERS IN MODERN CHINA
No full textSTRENGTHENING OF “POWER VERTICAL”: ALLOCATION AND PROMOTION OF REGIONAL LEADERS IN MODERN CHINA
Get PDFThe article is dedicated to the one of the most important trends in current political process in China in period between 18th and 19th Communist party of China national congresses (2012–2017). The trend is characterized with the desire of current national leader Xi Jinping to provide support of regions by appointment of loyal regional leaders. That can be explained by the situation before 2012 when most of regional leaders were potentially opposite to Xi Jinping and his “faction”. It led to resistance to Xi’s policy in social and economic spheres and made Xi’s measures not so effective. As result, to strengthen “power vertical” (term referred to Russia initially but fit to China’s realities as well) current Xi Jinping initiated large-scale anti-graft campaign and change of regional leadership using practice of officials rotation. This process began after 2012 but culminated in 2015–17. Finally, before 19th CPC National Congress in October, 2017, the task has been fulfilled. Regional leadership in China now includes new leaders representing a row of new “factions” and “cliques” united by their loyalty to Xi Jinping. It lets Xi hope for more effective realization of his political course during next five years, as well as strengthening of his personal power at the expense of “collective leadership” practice. The article uses wide range of original sources representing official documents of Communist party of China Central Committee and regional governments, statistical and biography materials. It is first publication on the topic of regional leadership change under rule of Xi Jinping in Russian academic science
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Museums and Memorials in Russia-China Cross-Border Regions: Prospects of Creating a “Compromise” Version of Shared History
No full textThe article delves into the preservation and portrayal of historical memory in Russia-China cross-border regions by means of museums and memorials in context of creating a "compromise" version of the history of Russian-Chinese relations that would satisfy both countries. Despite the current high level of bilateral relations, unresolved issues from the past of Russian-Chinese relations persist, often interpreted differently by each side. The issues typically revolve around differing interpretations by the two countries, spanning from historical events like the Albazin Campaign in the 17th century and Treaties of Aigun and Peking (1858, 1860) to Manchuria Campaign of the Soviet Army in 1945 and Damansky Conflict in 1969. Different understanding of such issues is manifested in the exhibits of museums and memorials all along the border. While the content may appear to carry Sinophobic or Russophobic undertones, its primary purpose is to promote internal patriotism rather than denigrate the neighboring country. However, the divergent narratives presented in museums in Russia and China lead to ‘competition of narratives’ in historical memory. In this ‘competition’ the attempts to persuade the neighboring country of the 'correct interpretation’ of history leads to misunderstandings and even conflicts. More reasonable approach to addressing the challenges arising from differing interpretations of shared history is to create its compromise version. However achieving this goal necessitates a significant investment of time and effort from scholars, diplomats and policymakers in both countries
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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