395,252 research outputs found
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
The construction of Karen Karnak: The multi-author-function
No full textThis thesis is situated within the comparatively recent developments of Web 2.0 and the emergence of interactive WikiMedia, and explores the mode of authorship within a Read/Write culture compared to that of a Read/Only tradition. The hypothesis of this study is that the role of the audience has become merged with the author, and as such, represents new functions and attributes, distinct from a more conventional concept of authorship, in which the roles of audience and author are more separate. Read/Write and participatory culture, as defined by this study, is focused on collaboration, and includes the influences of D.I.Y. culture, Open-Source practices and the production of text by multiple authors. Multi-authorship presents a re-thinking of several concepts which support the notion of the individual author, since the focus of multi-authorship is not on attribution and ownership of a finished text, but on the continued malleability of a text. Modes of multi-authorship, demonstrated in the use of the pseudonyms Alan Smithee and Karen Eliot, represent declarative authors whose names signify multiple origins, whilst concurrently indicating a distinct body of work. The function of these names form an important context to this study, since primary research involves the construction of an experimental mode of multi-authorship utilising WikiMedia technology and the interaction of thirty nine participants, who are invited to create a body of work under the collective pseudonym Karen Karnak. The data generated by this experiment is analysed using aspects of Michel Foucault's author-function to identify and determine power structures inherent in the WikiMedia context. The interplay of power structures, including concepts such as identity, ownership and the body of work, affect the resulting mode of authorship and contribute to the construction of Karen Karnak, suggesting further areas of research into the emerging multi-author
~>Free Download Introduction to the Thermodynamics of Materials *Full Online
No full textRead Or Download Introduction to the Thermodynamics of Materials Full Books By by David R. Gaskell (Author), David E. Laughlin (Author)
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Tangut Language and Manuscripts: An Introduction /
No full textThis book is the first comprehensive introduction to the Tangut language and culture. Five of the fiſteen chapters survey the history of the Tangut Empire and the evolution of Tangut Studies, including new advancements in the field, such as research on the recently decoded Tangut cursive writings found in Khara-Khoto documents. The other ten chapters provide an introduction to the Tangut language: its origins, script, characters, grammars, translations, textual and contextual readings. In this synthesis of historical narratives and linguistic analysis, the renowned Tangutologist Shi Jinbo offers a guided access to the mysterious civilisation of the ‘Great State White and High’ to both a specialized and a general audience.This book is the first comprehensive introduction to the Tangut language and culture. Five of the fiſteen chapters survey the history of the Tangut Empire and the evolution of Tangut Studies, including new advancements in the field, such as research on the recently decoded Tangut cursive writings found in Khara-Khoto documents. The other ten chapters provide an introduction to the Tangut language: its origins, script, characters, grammars, translations, textual and contextual readings. In this synthesis of historical narratives and linguistic analysis, the renowned Tangutologist Shi Jinbo offers a guided access to the mysterious civilisation of the ‘Great State White and High’ to both a specialized and a general audience.Description based on print version record
Has the introduction of a common currency(Euro) LED to the convergence of EU countries?
No full textTreball Final de Grau en Economia. Codi: EC1049. Curs acadèmic: 2021/2022Has the introduction of a common currency (EURO) led to the
convergence of EU countries? A review in the EU context. In this paper I try to answer
this question by analysing different papers provided by the literature, focusing on the
Total Factor Productivity (TFP) as an important component explaining differences per
capita income across countries and the local allocation of production factors. Relying
on the theories of Optimum Currency Areas (OCA), I conclude that the introduction of a
common currency in the EU context has not led to convergence of EU countries over
time and that differences between rich and poor EU countries remain. But I observe
some convergence “clubs” that have economic, historical and trade links before the
introduction of a common currency. In this sense, I ask whether fiscal union could be
an element of economic convergence in the European Monetary Union (EMU), and
largely in EU context
An introduction to organic lasers /
No full textOne of the biggest challenges of organic optoelectronics is the realization of the first organic laser diode (electrically pumped) which has a very strong potential for many applications. Similar to what happened in the field of inorganic optoelectronics when transforming LEDs into LDs, the race is on to transform an OLED into an OLD. This involves the development of innovative solutions to overcome the difficulties inherent in organic materials and the electric pump. This book presents the elements of physics, materials and technologies that allow us to understand the basics of organic lasers and to capture the progress made. It also provides guidance for future developments towards the organic laser diode.Vendor-supplied metadata.Includes bibliographical references and index.Front Cover; An Introduction to Organic Lasers; Copyright ; Contents; Foreword; Acknowledgements; Introduction; 1. Organic Semiconductors; 1.1. Recap on organic chemistry; 1.2. Quantum model of the atom; 1.3. Sigma (s) and pi (p) bonds; 1.4. Example of molecular orbitals for simple molecules; 1.5. Energy diagram of different types of hybridization; 1.6. Conjugate molecules; 1.7. Conjugate polymers; 1.8. Influence of conjugation length; 1.9. Electronic properties of organic materials; 1.10. Optical properties of organic semiconductors; 1.11. Losses in organic materials.1.12. Notions of photometry1.13. Concepts of colorimetry; 1.14. Conclusion; 2. Organic Light-emitting Diodes; 2.1. Operation of an OLED; 2.2. Injection of charge carriers; 2.3. Charge transport; 2.4. Recombinations of charges and generation of excitons; 2.5. Dopants (guests); 2.6. OLED fabrication techniques; 2.7. Characterization of an OLED's electroluminescence; 2.8. Current-voltage-luminance (J-V-L) characterization of an OLED heterostructure; 2.9. Conclusion; 3. Organic Lasers; 3.1. Principle behind lasers; 3.2. Laser effect in organic materials.3.3. Theoretical model of an organic semiconductor laser3.4. Optically pumped organic lasers; 3.5. A step toward the electrically pumped organic laser; 3.6. Conclusion; 4. Organic Plasmonics: Toward Organic Nanolasers; 4.1. Optical properties of metals; 4.2. What is a plasmon?; 4.3. Theoretical approach to the localized surface plasmon (LSP); 4.4. Parameters influencing the localized surface plasmon; 4.5. Plasmonic materials and their properties; 4.6. Optical properties of an emitter in the vicinity of a metallic NP; 4.7. Effect of LSP on the properties of organic sources: state of the art.4.8. A step toward an organic plasmonic laser?4.9. Conclusion; Conclusion; Appendix: A Brief History of Organic Lasers; Bibliography; Index; Back Cover.One of the biggest challenges of organic optoelectronics is the realization of the first organic laser diode (electrically pumped) which has a very strong potential for many applications. Similar to what happened in the field of inorganic optoelectronics when transforming LEDs into LDs, the race is on to transform an OLED into an OLD. This involves the development of innovative solutions to overcome the difficulties inherent in organic materials and the electric pump. This book presents the elements of physics, materials and technologies that allow us to understand the basics of organic lasers and to capture the progress made. It also provides guidance for future developments towards the organic laser diode.Elsevie
Introduction: Ecology and Silviculture of Temperate Mixedwood Forests
No full textThis is intended to serve as the introduction to the Special Issue on the Ecology and Silviculture of Temperate Mixedwood ForestsThe presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the pdf file of the accepted manuscript may differ slightly from what is displayed on the item page. The information in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript reflects the original submission by the author
Introduction to the Special Issue on Mass Timber Structures
No full textThis paper provides an introduction to the special issue on mass timber structures in the Canadian Journal of Civil EngineeringThe presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the pdf file of the accepted manuscript may differ slightly from what is displayed on the item page. The information in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript reflects the original submission by the author
Introduction to the modelling of marine ecosystems /
No full textIntroduction to the Modelling of Marine Ecosystems, Second Edition provides foundational information on the construction of chemical and biological models - from simple cases to more complex biogeochemical models and life cycle resolving model components. This step-by-step approach to increasing the complexity of the models allows readers to explore the theoretical framework and become familiar with the models even when they have limited experience in mathematical modeling. Introduction to the Modelling of Marine Ecosystems shows how biological model components can be integrated into three dim.Print version record.Front Cover; Introduction to the Modelling of Marine Ecosystems; Copyright; Contents; Preface; Chapter 1: Introduction; 1.1 Models of Marine Ecosystems; 1.2 Models from Nutrients to Fish; 1.2.1 Models of Individuals, Populations and Biomass; 1.2.2 Fisheries Models; 1.2.3 Unifying Theoretical Concept; 1.2.4 The Plan of the Book; Chapter 2: Chemical-Biological Models; 2.1 Chemical-Biological Processes; 2.1.1 Biomass Models; 2.1.2 Nutrient Limitation; 2.1.3 Recycling; 2.1.4 Zooplankton Grazing; 2.2 Simple Models; 2.2.1 Construction of a Simple NPZD Model; 2.2.2 First Model Runs.2.2.3 A Simple NPZD Model with Variable Rates2.2.4 Eutrophication Experiments; 2.2.5 Discussion; 2.3 Simple Plankton Models for the Ocean; 2.3.1 A Simple NPZ Model for the Ocean Mixed Layer; 2.3.2 NPZ and NPZD Models for the Annual Cycle of the Oceanic Mixed Layer; Chapter 3: More Complex Models; 3.1 Competition; 3.2 Several Functional Groups; 3.2.1 Succession of Phytoplankton; 3.3 N2 Fixation; 3.4 Denitrification; 3.4.1 Numerical Experiments; 3.4.1.1 Experiment 1; 3.4.1.2 Experiment 2; 3.4.1.3 Experiment 3; 3.4.2 Processes in Sediments; Chapter 4: Modelling Life Cycles of Copepods and Fish.4.1 Growth and Stage Duration4.2 Stage-Resolving Models of Copepods; 4.2.1 Population Density; 4.2.2 Stage-Resolving Population Models; 4.2.3 Population Model and Individual Growth; 4.2.4 Stage-Resolving Biomass Model; 4.3 Experimental Simulations; 4.3.1 Choice of Parameters; 4.3.1.1 Grazing Rates; 4.3.1.2 Loss Rates; 4.3.1.3 Reproduction; 4.3.1.4 Mortality and Overwintering; 4.3.2 Rearing Tanks; 4.3.3 Inclusion of Lower Trophic Levels; 4.3.4 Simulation of Biennial Cycles; 4.4 A Fish Model; 4.4.1 Formulation of the Theory; 4.4.3 Predator-Prey Interaction and Effective Growth.4.4.4 Modelling Reproduction and Mortality4.4.5 Coupling Fish and Lower Trophic Levels; 4.4.7 Discussion; Chapter 5: Physical-Biological Interaction; 5.1 Irradiance; 5.1.1 Daily, Seasonal and Annual Variation; 5.1.2 Production-Irradiance Relationship; 5.1.3 Light Limitation and Mixing Depth; 5.2 Coastal Ocean Dynamics; 5.2.1 Basic Equations; 5.2.2 Large-Scale Winds and Coastal Jets; 5.2.3 Kelvin Waves and Undercurrents; 5.2.4 The Role of Wind-Stress Curls; 5.2.5 Discussion; 5.3 Advection-Diffusion Equation; 5.3.1 Reynolds Rules; 5.3.2 Analytical Examples.5.3.3 Turbulent Diffusion in Collinear Flows5.3.3.1 Turbulent Diffusion in a Shear Flow; 5.3.3.2 Turbulent Diffusion in Eddies; 5.3.3.3 Turbulent Diffusion in Deformation Fields; 5.3.3.4 Aggregation at Convergence Lines; 5.3.4 Patchiness and Critical Scales; 5.4 Upscaling and Downscaling; 5.5 Resolution of Processes; 5.5.1 State Densities and Their Dynamics; 5.5.2 Primary Production Operator; 5.5.3 Predator-Prey Interaction; 5.5.4 Mortality Operators; 5.5.5 Model Classes; Chapter 6: Coupled Models; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Regional to Global Models; 6.3 Circulation Models; 6.4 Baltic Sea.Introduction to the Modelling of Marine Ecosystems, Second Edition provides foundational information on the construction of chemical and biological models - from simple cases to more complex biogeochemical models and life cycle resolving model components. This step-by-step approach to increasing the complexity of the models allows readers to explore the theoretical framework and become familiar with the models even when they have limited experience in mathematical modeling. Introduction to the Modelling of Marine Ecosystems shows how biological model components can be integrated into three dim.Includes bibliographical references and index.Elsevie
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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