1,721,003 research outputs found
Progestins for symptomatic endometriosis: a critical analysis of the evidence
No full textObjective: To obtain estimates of the effects of progestin treatment for pelvic pain associated with endometriosis. Data Identification: Information from studies published in the English-language literature between 1966 and 1996 was pooled. Articles were identified through hand and computerized searches using MEDLINE. Study Selection: A total of 27 trials that were published in peer-reviewed journals were identified, and 13 of these were excluded from the analysis because of methodologic limitations. Nine of the remaining 14 studies were noncomparative (8 prospective and 1 retrospective), 1 was quasi-randomized, and 4 were true randomized controlled trials. Data Extraction and Synthesis: The sample size was generally limited; the mean number of patients included was 26 in the noncomparative trials and 29 in the randomized controlled trials. The mean duration of treatment was 6 months. A total of 355 women had pain at entry. Considering all noncomparative studies, the pooled frequency of nonresponders at the end of treatment was 9% (18/203; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.3% to 13.6%). The common odds ratio from the four randomized controlled trials comparing progestins with danazol or a GnRH agonist was 1.1 (95% CI, 0.4 to 3.1), suggesting equivalence in treatment effect. In the only double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, the frequency of nonresponders was not significantly different in the two arms. Only four studies assessed pain after drug withdrawal. The pooled frequency of pelvic pain at the end of follow-up was 50% (35/70; 95% CI, 37.8% to 62.2%). The overall crude conception rate after therapy among women who desired pregnancy was 44% (86/194; 95% CI, 37.2% to 51.6%). Side effects of limited clinical relevance were observed frequently. Conclusion(s): The available data suggest that the efficacy of progestins for temporary relief of endometriosis-associated pelvic pain is good and comparable to that of other, less safe treatments. (C) 1997 by American Society for Reproductive Medicine
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Gli infermieri e la Legge Sicurezza. Indagine sul livello di conoscenza della normativa
No full textIl Decreto Sicurezza del febbraio 2009, divenuto Legge 94, Disposizioni in materia di sicurezza pubblica, è stato ampiamente dibattuto; l’elemento principale, che ha toccato da vicino le professioni della salute, è stato la proposta di abrogazione del divieto di segnalazione della persona immigrata in condizione di irregolarità, contenuto nel Decreto Legislativo 286 del 1998 (TU). Dopo lunghi dibattiti e mobilitazioni da parte degli addetti ai lavori, ampiamente documentati da tutti i mezzi dell’informazione, l'approvazione definitiva della legge ha introdotto il reato di clandestinità con dovere di denuncia all'autorità giudiziaria, ma ha mantenuto l’esenzione, a tale obbligo, degli operatori sanitari e dei presidi della scuola dell'obbligo. Il quadro normativo lascia un margine di ambiguità: l’obbligo di denuncia non esclude medici e infermieri, in quanto pubblico ufficiali/incaricati di pubblico servizio, ma la persistenza in vigore dell’articolo del TU vieta la denuncia, per queste figure professionali. Tali elementi lasciano dubbi in merito all’effettiva conoscenza di quanto sopra, da parte degli operatori della salute.
L’obiettivo della ricerca è di analizzare la conoscenza degli infermieri riguardo la normativa vigente che regola l’accesso alle prestazioni per gli stranieri irregolari.
E' stato somministrato un questionario strutturato ex novo e testato su un gruppo di infermieri ospedalieri, estraneo al campione. L'indagine si è svolta su un campione di duecento infermieri ospedalieri selezionati con modalità random.
Risultati
I risultati mostrano che dai cinquantatre questionari rientrati, la maggior parte degli infermieri riferisce contatti con la popolazione immigrata con frequenza giornaliera (62%). Il 25% degli infermieri è a conoscenza della nuova legge; il 47% riferisce di conoscere la legge parzialmente, il 28% di non esserne a conoscenza. Quasi il 70% degli infermieri ha ricevuto informazioni dai media.
Alla domanda che indaga a quali figure professionali la legge fa riferimento, il 51% ha risposto “medico, in quanto pubblico ufficiale, e infermiere in quanto incaricato di pubblico servizio”. Il 24% risponde che la nuova legge riguarda solo il medico. Il 26% riporta che il paziente irregolare, in accesso ai servizi, è tenuto a esibire i propri documenti, il 40% risponde che non esiste tale obbligo; per il 15% non c’è chiarezza sull’argomento.
Il 17% dichiara l’obbligo, da parte degli operatori, di segnalare lo straniero irregolare, il 19% risponde che è prevista segnalazione solo in caso di obbligatorietà di referto, il 64% riferisce mancanza di chiarezza. L’81% degli infermieri, dunque, non è a conoscenza delle predisposizioni della legge e a conferma di ciò, solo tre infermieri su cinquantatre si ritengono adeguatamente informati (6% versus 92%).
Conclusione
Nonostante i riferiti contatti quotidiani con la popolazione immigrata, solo un quarto del campione riferisce di conoscere la regolamentazione agli accessi prevista dalla legge in oggetto. Solo il 19% degli infermieri risulta a conoscenza di quanto previsto dalla legge effettiva concernente l’accesso alle prestazioni.
La poca responsività del campione (rientro del 26.5% dei questionari) reca un’ulteriore riflessione relativa a un’ulteriore sottostima del dato: è, infatti, possibile che gli operatori che hanno collaborato siano in un qualche modo maggiormente interessati (dunque informati) sull’argomento
[Use of regression analysis in the study of the association between different mercury exposure routes and some functional variables]
No full textThe "Mercury Multicentric Project" data-set was analysed with the aim to identify a group of biological variables associated with different types of Hg exposure (occupational exposure, fish dietary intake, exposure due to amalgam restorations). The distribution of socio-demographic, biological and surrogate outcome variables was rather different among the collaborating Units
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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