40,630 research outputs found
CHO microRNA engineering is growing up : recent successes and future challenges
No full textmicroRNAs with their ability to regulate complex pathways that control cellular behavior and phenotype have been proposed as potential targets for cell engineering in the context of optimization of biopharmaceutical production cell lines, specifically of Chinese Hamster Ovary cells. However, until recently, research was limited by a lack of genomic sequence information on this industrially important cell line. With the publication of the genomic sequence and other relevant data sets for CHO cells since 2011, the doors have been opened for an improved understanding of CHO cell physiology and for the development of the necessary tools for novel engineering strategies. In the present review we discuss both knowledge on the regulatory mechanisms of microRNAs obtained from other biological models and proof of concepts already performed on CHO cells, thus providing an outlook of potential applications of microRNA engineering in production cell lines
The Anti-Inflammatory Actions of Lcy-2-Cho, a Carbazole Analogue, in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
No full textLCY-2-CHO has anti-infl amm atory actions on macrophages. To understand its therapeutic implication in atherosclerosis, we examined its effects on the expressions of antiinflammatory and inflammatory proteins in cultured rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). LCY-2-CHO is able to induce heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protein expression through a transcriptional action. The HO-1 inducting effect of LCY-2-CHO was inhibited by SB203580, N (G)-nitro-L- arginine methylester (L-NAME), and wortmannin, but was not affected by U0126 or SP600125. In accordance LCY-2 -CHO increased protein phosphorylation of p38, Akt, and eNOS. Nrf 2 is a transcription factor essential for HO-1 gene induction and we showed that LCY-2-CHO is able to cause Nrf2 nuclear translocation and this action depends on p38, Akt and eNOS. in addition to induce anti-inflammatory HO-1 , LCY- 2-CHO reduced interleukin-lp (IL-1 beta)-induced inflammatory mediators, inducible nitric oxide synthase ( iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX- 2), growth-related oncogene protein-alpha (GRO-alpha), and interleukin-8 ( IL-8). Inhibitory effect on IL-lp-mediated NF-KB activation was evidenced by the diminishment of I kappa B kinase (IKK) phosphorylation and I kappa B alpha degradation. In contrast , IL-1 beta-mediated ERK and JNK activations were not changed by LCY-2-CHO, while p38 activation by IL-1 beta and LCY-2-CHO displayed the nonadditivity. Taken together, given the overall anti-inflammatory properties of LCY-2-CHO in VSMC, in terms to induce HO-1 gene expression and inhibit inflammatory gene expression, these results highlight the therapeutic potential of LCY-2-CHO in atherosclerosis. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved
Unimodality of Betti numbers for Hamiltonian circle actions with index-increasing moment Maps
No full textThe unimodality conjecture posed by Tolman in [L. Jeffrey, T. Holm, Y. Karshon, E. Lerman and E. Meinrenken, Moment maps in various geometries, http://www.birs.ca/workshops/2005/05w5072/report05w5072.pdf] states that if (M,ω) is a 2n-dimensional smooth compact symplectic manifold equipped with a Hamiltonian circle action with only isolated fixed points, then the sequence of Betti numbers {b0(M),b2(M),...,b2n(M)} is unimodal, i.e. bi(M) ≤ bi+2(M) for every i < n. Recently, the author and Kim [Y. Cho and M. Kim, Unimodality of the Betti numbers for Hamiltonian circle action with isolated fixed points, Math. Res. Lett. 21(4) (2014) 691-696] proved that the unimodality holds in eight-dimensional case by using equivariant cohomology theory. In this paper, we generalize the idea in [Y. Cho and M. Kim, Unimodality of the Betti numbers for Hamiltonian circle action with isolated fixed points, Math. Res. Lett. 21(4) (2014) 691-696] to an arbitrary dimensional case. We prove the conjecture in arbitrary dimension under the assumption that the moment map H : M → R is index-increasing, which means that ind(p) < ind(q) implies H(p) < H(q) for every pair of critical points p and q of H, where ind(p) is the Morse index of p with respect to H. © World Scientific Publishing Company1111sciescopu
CHO-Bearing Molecules in Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
No full textIn 2004, the Rosetta
spacecraft was sent to comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
for the first ever long-term investigation of a comet. After its arrival
in 2014, the spacecraft spent more than 2 years in immediate proximity
to the comet. During these 2 years, the ROSINA Double Focusing Mass
Spectrometer (DFMS) onboard Rosetta discovered a coma with an unexpectedly
complex chemical composition that included many oxygenated molecules.
Determining the exact cometary composition is an essential first step
to understanding of the organic rich chemistry in star forming regions
and protoplanetary disks that are ultimately conserved in cometary
ices. In this study, a joint approach of laboratory calibration and
space data analysis was used to perform a detailed identification
and quantification of CHO compounds in the coma of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko.
The goal was to derive the CHO compound abundances relative to water
for masses up to 100 u. For this study, the May 2015 postequinox period
represents the best bulk abundances of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko.
A wide variety of CHO compounds were discovered, and their bulk abundances
were derived. Finally, these results are compared to abundances of
CHO-bearing molecules in other comets, obtained mostly from ground-based
observations and modeling
Fujio Cho Legacy Lecture Notes
No full textThe Fujio Cho legacy lecture was created in 2013 as part of UK Institute of Research for Technology Development (IR4TD)’s True Lean Systems program to assist industrial clients to transform their organizations to a True Lean organization by effectively using principles and tools of Toyota Production System (TPS). During the years 1987-1994, Cho and Saito worked together to layout the foundation of the now well-established Toyota-University of Kentucky relationship on R&D, True Lean Systems, and production engineering, housed in IR4TD, the Toyota endowed Institute established in 2007 with the support from the Commonwealth of Kentucky under the research competitiveness trust fund. In 2019, this collaboration celebrated its 25th anniversary by recognizing True Lean Systems program serving over 30,000 people in eighteen different countries worldwide and 48 states nationally.
The idea of Fujio Cho Legacy Lecture Notes (FCLLN) was suggested to honor his wisdom and vision which are vital to maintain IR4TD/True Lean Systems program. FCLLN is written to provide philosophical and cultural background of TPS and Goroku, which are mentioned in the Fujio Cho legacy lecture. However, the human side of TPS, Hitozukuri, the manufacturing side of TPS, Monozukuri, and their interaction are not easily explained during an hour-long Cho lecture. Therefore, FCLLN plays into that role for attendees of IR4TD/True Lean Systems’ certification, and general audiences who are interested in TPS and are familiar with the concepts of Hitozukuri and Japanese Monozukuri culture. FCLLN covers a total of ten chapters: Chapter I. Introduction Chapter II. Toyota Production System and Goroku Chapter III. TPS and Wisdom Chapter IV. TPS and Empathetic Listening Chapter V. TPS as Unique Product of Japanese Culture Chapter VI. Deductive Science and Inductive TPS Chapter VII. Top-Down Power-Driven System vs. Bottom-up Kaizen System Chapter VIII. Cho Goroku on Service Chapter IX. Eastern Philosophy, Mother Teresa, and TPS Chapter X. Finally, the West and the East came together under the same principlehttps://uknowledge.uky.edu/ir4td_textbooks/1000/thumbnail.jp
Gonioctena (Brachyphytodecta) medvedevi Cho & Borowiec 2016
No full text<i>Gonioctena</i> (<i>Brachyphytodecta</i>) <i>medvedevi</i> Cho & Borowiec, 2016 <p>(Figs 12–13)</p> <p> <i>Gonioctena</i> (<i>Brachyphytodecta</i>) <i>flavipennis</i> (partim): YANG et al. (2014): 374 (taxonomy, misidentification).</p> <p> <i>Gonioctena</i> (<i>Brachyphytodecta</i>) <i>medvedevi</i> Cho & Borowiec, 2016a: 177 (original description).</p> <p> <b>Type locality.</b> Vietnam, Vinh Phuc Province, Tam Dao.</p> <p> <b>Type material examined.</b> HOLOTYPE: ♂, ‘ Vietnam, Prov.Vinh-phu (divided into Vinh Phuc and Phu Tho), Tam-dao, L. Medvedev @ Dang Dap // on <i>Ormosia</i> (Fab.) // HOLOTYPUS <i>Gonioctena</i> (<i>Brachy</i>.) <i>medvedevi</i> sp. n. Cho & Borowiec 2014’ (LMCM). PARATYPES: 1 ♂ 1 ♀, same data as holotype plus ‘PARATYPUS <i>Gonioctena</i> (<i>Brachy</i>.) <i>medvedevi</i> sp. n. Cho & Borowiec 2014’ (LMCM); 1 ♂, same data as preceding paratype (TLMF); 1 ♂, ‘ Vietnam, TamDao, 900 m, 4.VI.1987, L. Medvedev et al. // PARATYPUS <i>Gonioctena</i> (<i>Brachy</i>.) <i>medvedevi</i> sp. n. Cho & Borowiec 2014’ (LMCM).</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> See CHO & BOROWIEC (2016a).</p> <p> <b>Differential diagnosis.</b> <i>Gonioctena</i> (<i>B</i>.) <i>medvedevi</i> is very similar to <i>G</i>. (<i>B</i>.) <i>longshengensis</i> sp. nov. and <i>G</i>. (<i>B</i>.) <i>mauroi</i> in body shape, coloration and setose aedeagus. From these two species, <i>G</i>. (<i>B</i>.) <i>medvedevi</i> can be distinguished only by aedeagus moderately narrowed with apical process moderately widened to lateral tooth-like projections near apex (subparallelsided with apical process broad, widest in apical 1/3 and subequal to median lobe in width in <i>G</i>. (<i>B</i>.) <i>longshengensis</i> sp. nov. and subparallel-sided with apical process widest in middle and slightly narrower than median lobe in <i>G</i>. (<i>B</i>.) <i>mauroi</i>). <i>Gonioctena</i> (<i>B</i>.) <i>kuatunensis</i> sp. nov. differs in semicircular apex of aedeagus (triangular or subtriangular in other species).</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> Vietnam: Vinh Phuc Province (Fig. 13).</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> The male genitalia of <i>Gonioctena</i> (<i>B.</i>) <i>flavipennis</i> (Jacoby, 1888) illustrated by YANG et al. (2014) without any doubts refer to <i>G</i>. (<i>B.</i>) <i>medvedevi</i>. The correct drawings of male genitalia of <i>G</i>. (<i>B.</i>) <i>flavipennis</i> were provided by CHO & BOROWIEC (2016a).</p>Published as part of <i>Cho, Hee-Wook, 2017, Two new species of the Gonioctena mauroi species-group from China (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae), pp. 173-181 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 57 (1)</i> on pages 180-181, DOI: 10.1515/aemnp-2017-0066, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5316150">http://zenodo.org/record/5316150</a>
Erratum: 3D bioprinted in vitro secondary hyperoxaluria model by mimicking intestinal-oxalatemalabsorption-related kidney stone disease (Applied Physics Reviews (2022) 9 (041408) DOI: 10.1063/5.0087345)
No full text© 2023 Author(s).This article was originally published online on 21 November 2022 with an incorrect affiliation identifier for author Dong-Woo Cho. It is correct as it appears above. All online versions of this article were corrected on 23 November 2022. AIP Publishing apologizes for this error.11Nsciescopu
1H NMR Spectroscopy Profiling of Metabolic Reprogramming of Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells upon a Temperature Shift during Culture
No full textWe report an NMR based approach to determine the metabolic reprogramming of Chinese hamster ovary cells upon
a temperature shift during culture by investigating the extracellular cell culture media and intracellular metabolome of
CHOK1 and CHO-S cells during culture and in response to cold-shock and subsequent recovery from hypothermic
culturing. A total of 24 components were identified for CHOK1 and 29 components identified for CHO-S cell systems
including the observation that CHO-S media contains 5.6 times the level of glucose of CHOK1 media at time zero.
We confirm that an NMR metabolic approach provides quantitative analysis of components such as glucose and
alanine with both cell lines responding in a similar manner and comparable to previously reported data. However,
analysis of lactate confirms a differentiation between CHOK1 and CHO-S and that reprogramming of metabolism in
response to temperature was cell line specific. The significance of our results is presented using principal component
analysis (PCA) that confirms changes in metabolite profile in response to temperature and recovery. Ultimately, our
approach demonstrates the capability of NMR providing real-time analysis to detect reprogramming of metabolism
upon cellular perception of cold-shock/sub-physiological temperatures. This has the potential to allow manipulation of
metabolites in culture supernatant to improve growth or productivity
Gonioctena (Brachyphytodecta) mauroi Cho & Borowiec 2016
No full text<i>Gonioctena</i> (<i>Brachyphytodecta</i>) <i>mauroi</i> species-group <p> <b>Differential diagnosis.</b> Body length 5.9–6.9 mm. Body short-oval, strongly convex (Figs 1, 3). Dorsum reddish-brown with basal margin of pronotum black (Figs 2, 4). Venter entirely or largely reddish-brown. Legs black, partially blackish-brown. Aedeagus long and thin, setose apicolaterally, with apical process varying in shape (Figs 7, 9, 11–12). <i>Gonioctena</i> (<i>B</i>.) <i>flavipennis</i> (Jacoby, 1888) is almost identical with members of <i>Gonioctena mauroi</i> speciesgroup in body shape and coloration, but differs in its glabrous aedeagus. The most consistent characteristic that differentiates this species-group from other species of the subgenus <i>Brachyphytodecta</i> is setose aedeagus.</p> Key to the species of the <i>Gonioctena</i> (<i>Brachyphytodecta</i>) <i>mauroi</i> species-group <p>1 Apex of aedeagus triangular or subtriangular (Figs 9, 11–12)........................................ 2</p> <p> – Apex of aedeagus semicircular (Fig. 7)............................... <b> <i>G</i>. (<i>B</i>.) <i>kuatunensis</i> sp. nov.</b> </p> <p>2 Aedeagus subparallel-sided, with apical process relatively broad (Figs 9, 11)............... 3</p> <p> – Aedeagus moderately narrowed to apical 1/4, with apical process relatively narrow, moderately widened apically, lateral sharp tooth-like projections near apex (Fig. 12)................................................................................... <b> <i>G</i>. (<i>B</i>.) <i>medvedevi</i></b> Cho & Borowiec, 2016</p> <p> 3 Apical process of aedeagus widest in apical 1/3 and subequal to median lobe in width in dorsal view; apex pointed in lateral view (Fig. 9)......... <b> <i>G</i>. (<i>B</i>.) <i>longshengensis</i> sp. nov.</b> </p> <p> – Apical process of aedeagus widest in middle and slightly narrower than median lobe in dorsal view; apex blunt in lateral view (Fig. 11)............................................................................................................................................. <b> <i>G</i>. (<i>B</i>.) <i>mauroi</i></b> Cho & Borowiec, 2016</p>Published as part of <i>Cho, Hee-Wook, 2017, Two new species of the Gonioctena mauroi species-group from China (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae), pp. 173-181 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 57 (1)</i> on pages 174-175, DOI: 10.1515/aemnp-2017-0066, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5316150">http://zenodo.org/record/5316150</a>
Systems biology for reverse aging
No full textCellular senescence is an irreversible and permanent cell cycle arrest in response to internal and external stresses. Its unresponsiveness to growth factor signals distinguishes it from a potentially reversible state, quiescence. Cellular senescence can inhibit tumor development by blocking proliferation of damaged cells, but as senescent cells become accumulated in a tissue, they can contribute to the promotion of agerelated diseases such as cancer by secreting inflammatory cytokines [1]. © 2021 Cho et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited
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