235 research outputs found
Drug Safety and Relevant Issues in the Real-World
No full text: The global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the pivotal role of drug safety and effective communication within the realm of pharmacovigilance, particularly in times of unprecedented public health emergencies [...]
Application of acute maximal exercise to protect orthostatic tolerance after simulated microgravity
No full text Pages R837–R847: K. A. Engelke, D. F. Doerr, and V. A. Convertino. “Application of acute maximal exercise to protect orthostatic tolerance after simulated microgravity.” On p. 837, the author line of the article and abstract and the affiliation line should read as follows: KEITH A. ENGELKE, DONALD F. DOERR, CRAIG G. CRANDALL, AND VICTOR A. CONVERTINO Department of Physiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610; National Aeronautics and Space Administration-Kennedy Space Center, Cape Canaveral, Florida 32899; Department of Physiology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Ft. Worth, Texas 76107; and Physiology Research Branch, Clinical Science Division, Brooks Air Force Base, Texas 78235 </jats:p
Application of acute maximal exercise to protect orthostatic tolerance after simulated microgravity
No full text Pages R837–R847: K. A. Engelke, D. F. Doerr, and V. A. Convertino. “Application of acute maximal exercise to protect orthostatic tolerance after simulated microgravity.” On p. 837, the author line of the article and abstract and the affiliation line should read as follows: KEITH A. ENGELKE, DONALD F. DOERR,CRAIG G. CRANDALL, AND VICTOR A. CONVERTINO Department of Physiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610; National Aeronautics and Space Administration-Kennedy Space Center, Cape Canaveral, Florida 32899;Department of Physiology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Ft. Worth, Texas 76107; and Physiology Research Branch, Clinical Science Division, Brooks Air Force Base, Texas 78235 </jats:p
Unresolved gustatory, olfactory and auditory adverse drug reactions to antibiotic drugs: a survey of spontaneous reporting to Eudravigilance
No full textObjectives: Sensory adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are generally expected to be transient in nature. However, spontaneous reports describe frequently these events as long-lasting or unresolved. In this study, the authors reviewed the Eudravigilance publicly accessible database to describe the volume and expectedness of potentially unresolved outcomes for gustatory, olfactory and auditory (GOA) suspected ADRs associated with antibiotics for systemic use. Methods: ‘Overall’ and ‘GOA’ suspected ADRs were extracted from Eudravigilance to estimate the distribution of their outcomes among different antibiotic groups. Then, the authors identified the drugs contributing to at least 15% of all suspected GOA ADRs observed for the antibiotic groups, and evaluated the expectedness. Results: The frequency of persistent/permanent outcomes was higher for GOA suspected ADRs, as compared to the overall ones. Unresolved and undetermined outcomes for antibiotic-associated GOA ADRs in Eudravigilance might hide a large number of events with underestimated clinical consequences. Several persistent/permanent antibiotic-associated GOA reactions could be classified as serious and unexpected. Conclusion: Potential long-lasting or irreversible GOA reactions are often reported for all antibiotics drugs. Further studies are warranted to clarify whether this is an actual safety issue or simply it reflects a general difficulty in outcomes assessment for such reactions
HEAT TRANSFER MODELLING IN GREEN FAÇADES
No full textMaking green urban environments through the application of the vertical green façades is an interesting new challenge in view of the growing sustainability of cities. Several advantages have been recognized for this type of passive technology. Inhabitants, buildings and cities are all recipients of these benefits. Due to their potential, an in-depth knowledge of the energy functioning of green façades and, consequently, their conscious use has become essential. This study traces a path for the energy analysis and modelling of green façade systems. Heat fluxes were identified and described by using a mathematical methodology and with the support of experimental data. The energy balance approach was followed. The most significant heat and mass transfer mechanisms were deepened and modelled. Convective, radiative and evapotranspirative exchanges were considered. Thanks to this strategy, the surface energy budget at the external building surface was evaluated. A comparison between the energy behaviour of a green façade and that of a bare wall was carried out. A measurement campaign relative to an experimental green façade realized at the University of Bari allowed also the implementation of realistic data. It was observed that the covered wall, behind the vegetation layer, gained 88% less energy than the bare wall during daytime in the summer. The findings demonstrated, with knowledge of the facts, that the green façades applied to buildings provide significant advantages in Mediterranean areas. In perspective, this study could be further developed through the writing of codes for the energy simulation of building equipped with green façades. © 2020 WITPress. All rights reserved
Sviluppo delle Optimal Channel Networks con eterogeneità di precipitazione
No full textLa tesi riguarda lo studio dell'effetto dell'eterogeneità di input nei meccanismi di aggregazione del flusso dei bacini fluviali, quindi la variazione dalle leggi a potenza universali che li contraddistinguono. Lo studio è stato condotto simulando i campi di precipitazione con modelli frattali e a diversa struttura di covarianza, adottando il modello delle OCNs per le reti sia su lattice quadrati/rettangolari sia su reticoli con contorno uguale a quello di alcuni bacini reali.
Interessante è stato osservare la divergenza degli esponenti universali dei flussi cumulati rispetto le aree cumulate, le variazioni nella funzione di ampiezza e l'alterazione dei pattern 2D con clusterizzazione e notevole eterogeneità spaziale della densità di drenaggio.
Più articoli sono ricavati a livello di dottorato dai risultati della tesi su riviste scientifiche (si veda ad es. Convertino, M., R. Rigon, A. Maritan, I. Rodriguez-Itube, A. Rinaldo (2007), The probabilistic structure of the distance between tributaries of given size in river networks, 2007WR006176, in press on Water Resour. Res.).ope
Sviluppo delle Optimal Channel Networks con eterogeneità di precipitazione
No full textLa tesi riguarda lo studio dell'effetto dell'eterogeneità di input nei meccanismi di aggregazione del flusso dei bacini fluviali, quindi la variazione dalle leggi a potenza universali che li contraddistinguono. Lo studio è stato condotto simulando i campi di precipitazione con modelli frattali e a diversa struttura di covarianza, adottando il modello delle OCNs per le reti sia su lattice quadrati/rettangolari sia su reticoli con contorno uguale a quello di alcuni bacini reali.
Interessante è stato osservare la divergenza degli esponenti universali dei flussi cumulati rispetto le aree cumulate, le variazioni nella funzione di ampiezza e l'alterazione dei pattern 2D con clusterizzazione e notevole eterogeneità spaziale della densità di drenaggio.
Più articoli sono ricavati a livello di dottorato dai risultati della tesi su riviste scientifiche (si veda ad es. Convertino, M., R. Rigon, A. Maritan, I. Rodriguez-Itube, A. Rinaldo (2007), The probabilistic structure of the distance between tributaries of given size in river networks, 2007WR006176, in press on Water Resour. Res.)
The usefulness of listening social media for pharmacovigilance purposes: a systematic review
No full textIntroduction: Social media mining could be a possible strategy to retrieve drug safety information. The mining of social media is a complex process under progressive evolution, falling into three broad categories: listening (safety data reporting), engaging (follow-up), and broadcasting (risk communication). This systematic review is aimed at evaluating the usefulness and quality of proto-signals by social media listening. Areas covered: In this systematic search, performed according to MOOSE and PRISMA statements, we selected studies, published in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Google Scholar until 31 December 2017, that listened at least one social media to identify proto-adverse drug events and proto-signals. Expert opinion: The selected 38 studies identified serious and unexpected proto-adverse drug events characterized by poorer information quality as compared with spontaneous reporting databases. This feature allows rarely the evaluation of causal relationships. Proto-signals identified by social media listening had the potential of anticipating pre-specified known signals in only six studies. Moreover, the personal perception of patients reported in social media could be used to implement effective risk communication strategies. However, signal detection in social media cannot be currently recommended for routine pharmacovigilance, due to logistic and technical issues
A nature-based system for improving Mediterranean buildings’ performance: contribution to energy saving by heat transfer reduction and influence of climatic parameters
No full textUrban environments can be turned greener and more sustainable by letting in vegetation. Applying green facades on buildings’ vertical surfaces is a viable option that brings various advantages. This study focuses on the energy benefit provided by an evergreen green facade in Mediterranean climate conditions. The results came from a long experimental campaign, heat fluxes evaluation, and statistical analyses. The thermal behaviour of the experimental green facade was analysed all year round, highlighting differences between warm and cold periods and the time of the day. The main advantage was assessed in terms of energy saving, defined as heat flux reduction through the wall covered with vegetation compared to an unvegetated wall. The study pointed out that energy saving was achieved throughout the year, but at different times of the day based on the season. A daytime energy saving was obtained in warm periods due to the shading effect and the plants’ evapotranspiration. A night-time benefit was reached in cold periods mainly thanks to the green layer’s thermal and wind barrier action. The results showed daily mean energy saving values equal to 11.47 W m-2 for a warm period and 3.23 W m-2 for a cold period. The statistical analysis highlighted that the energy saving was positively influenced by external air temperature, especially in the daytime. Overall, higher energy saving was provided by the green facade when higher external air temperature values were recorded. This research contributes to filling existing literature gaps on the yearly behaviour of green facades and on the energy benefits these provide. use only
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