1,720,984 research outputs found
Supplementary Material: Integrating Climate Change and Land Use Impacts to Explore Forest Conservation Policy
No full text<p>Supplementary files for Hyeyeong Choe and James H. Thorne, Integrating Climate Change and Land Use Impacts to Explore Forest Conservation Policy. <em>Forests </em><strong>2017</strong>, <em>8</em>, 321. Table S1: A list of climate vulnerable species in this study, Figure S1: Recent forest loss percentage versus forest in 2000 by administrative district, Figure S2: Proportion of forest for each district in current time and in each scenario by 2050, Supplementary File S1: 16 GIS raster layers for the spatial results of this study, Table S2: The average species richness value of each forest category between scenarios, Table S3: Forest Conversion Projection in Each Policy Scenario.</p>
Integrating climate change and land use impacts to explore forest conservation policy
No full textA scenario-based approach to the impacts of land use and climate change can help in identifying future policy directions. This study models the impacts of different land use and climate change scenarios on the forest ecosystems of South Korea to identify national-scale forest policy options. Climatically suitable forest areas for 1,031 climate vulnerable plant species were identified for current time and for 2050. We calculated change in species richness under four climate projections. We built forest conversion models and created four 2050 forest scenarios: (1) forest loss continues at current rates; (2) similar loss, but with conservation in areas with suitable future climates; (3) a reduction of loss by 50%; and (4) a combination of preservation and overall reduction of loss by 50%. We then crossed the forest conversion models with the climate-driven change in species richness, and categorized current forest areas into four classes to offer forest policy alternatives. By deploying the scenarios which preserve climatically suitable forests, the average species richness where forests converting to other land uses reduced significantly. We suggest conserving forests with suitable climates for biodiversity conservation and the establishment of forest plantations targeted to areas where species richness will decline based on our results.</jats:p
기후변화에 대한 중국 내몽골 농민의 기후인식과 생계 회복력
No full text학위논문(박사) -- 서울대학교대학원 : 농업생명과학대학 농림생물자원학부, 2024. 2. Hyeyeong Choe.기후 변화는 농업이 주된 생계수단인 개발도상국에 중대한 도전을 가져왔다. 농민들은 기후 변화를 직접 인식하며 영향을 받는 주체로, 정확한 기후 변화 인식은 효과적인 적응 전략 선택에 중요하다. 뿐만 아니라, 그들의 생계 회복력은 기후 변화의 중단에 직면할 때 그들이 생계를 회복하고 개선하는 데 도움이 된다. 본 연구의 두 가지 목표는 1) 농민들의 기후 변화에 대한 인식을 조사하고 이 인식의 정확도에 영향을 미치는 요인을 분석하는 것이며, 2) 농민들의 생계가 기후 변화에 얼마나 강건한지 및 이 회복력에 영향을 미치는 요인을 평가하는 것이다. Aohan Banner를 연구 지역으로 삼아 2021년에 농민 630명과 전문가 77명 (인식에 대한 42명, 생계 회복력에 대한 35명)을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시했다.
목표 1에 대한 답으로, 농민들의 기후 변화 인식의 정확도는 기상 데이터와 비교하여 측정되었다. 그런 다음 농민과 전문가는 12가지 기상 재해의 영향을 순위로 매겼다. 마지막으로, 농민들의 기후 변화에 대한 정확한 인식에 영향을 미치는 요인은 순서형 로지스틱 회귀를 통해 분석되었다. 발견된 결과는 다음과 같다: 1) 대부분의 농민은 기온이 상승하고 강수량이 감소하는 것으로 인식하고 있으며, 이는 기상 데이터 및 대부분의 전문가 의견과 일치한다. 2) 대부분의 농민은 풍속이 증가했다고 인식하고 있으나, 이는 기상 데이터 및 대부분의 전문가 의견과 반대이다. 3) 농민들의 기상 재해 영향 정도에 대한 인식은 연속적으로 가뭄, 서리 및 폭우이다. 영향 정도는 전문가 의견과 다르지만 가뭄에 대한 인식은 같다. 가뭄은 농민에게 가장 심각한 기상 재해로 여겨진다. 4) 경작 연수, 농업 수입, 인터넷과 텔레비전을 통한 정보 접근 및 기후 변화에 대한 관심은 농민들의 기후 변화 정확한 인식과 양의 상관 관계가 있다.
목표 2에 대한 답으로, 내는 강건성 이론을 기반으로 지표 체계를 구축하여 회복력을 측정하였고 종합 지수 방법을 사용하여 전문가와 농민 조사 데이터를 분석했다. 동시에 다중 선형 회귀 모델을 사용하여 서로 다른 생계 유형 및 도시 간에 농민의 생계 회복력에 영향을 미치는 주요 요인을 분석했다. 발견된 결과는 농업이 주된 직업인 농민들이 가장 높은 회복력 점수를 가지고 있으며, 생계 회복력은 지리적 위치에 따라 다르다는 것이다. 구체적으로, 생계 회복력은 남부에서 북부로, 그리고 산림 및 산림 초지에서 초원으로 점차 감소한다. 결과는 또한 교육 수준, 농업 기술 교육, 교통 인프라, 정보 접근성, 기후 변화에 대한 인식, 기후 변화 인식, 생계 전략 변화, 가족 규모 및 경작 지역 보유 크기가 농민 생계 회복력과 양의 상관 관계가 있음을 보여준다. 반면에 가구주 나이는 회복력과 음의 상관 관계가 있다.
따라서 정책 결정자는 1) 가뭄 재해를 효과적으로 대응하기 위한 전략을 시행하고, 2) 농민들을 위한 학습 활동과 농업 기술 교육을 확대하며, 3) 기후 변화 지식을 홍보하고, 4) 농업 생계 다양화, 5) 경작 지역 주변의 산림화, 6) 농촌 교통 환경 개선을 권고한다.Climate change brings significant challenges to developing countries whose primary livelihood is agriculture. Farmers are the ones directly perceiving and being affected by climate change, and their correct perception of climate change is critical for choosing effective adaptation strategies. In addition, their livelihood resilience can help them recover and improve their livelihoods in the face of climate change disruptions. This study has two objectives: 1) to examine farmers perception of climate change and analyze the factors that affect the accuracy of their perception; 2) to evaluate how resilient farmers livelihoods are to climate change and what factors influence this resilience. Taking Aohan Banner as a study area, I surveyed 630 farmers and 77 experts (42 for perception, 35 for livelihood resilience) in 2021.
To answer objective 1, the accuracy of farmers perception of climate change was measured by comparing it with meteorological data. Farmers and experts then ranked the impact of 12 meteorological disasters. Finally, the factors affecting farmers correct perception of climate change were analyzed by ordinal logistic regression. I found that: 1) Most farmers perception of temperature is rising, while their perception of precipitation is falling, consistent with meteorological data and most expert views. 2) Most farmers perception of wind speed has increased, which is contrary to meteorological data and most expert views. 3) Farmers perception of the impact degree of meteorological disasters, whose impact degree is successively drought, frost, and rainstorms. The impact degree is different from experts opinion, but the perception of drought is the same that drought is considered to be the most severe meteorological disaster affecting farmers. 4) The years of farming, agricultural income, access to information via the Internet and television, and concern about climate change are positively correlated with farmers correct perception of climate change.
To answer objective 2, I constructed an indicator system based on resilience theory to measure resilience and analyzed expert and farmer survey data using the comprehensive index method. Meanwhile, I used a multiple linear regression model to analyze the key factors affecting farmer livelihood resilience across different livelihood types and towns. I found that farmers who primarily worked in agriculture had the highest resilience scores and that livelihood resilience differed by geographical location; specifically, livelihood resilience gradually declines from southern to northern and from forest and forest-grassland to grassland locations. The results also showed that education level, agricultural technology training, transportation infrastructure, accessibility of information, awareness of climate change, climate change perception, change of livelihood strategies, family size, and the holding size of the arable area are positively associated with farmer livelihood resilience, while household head age is negatively associated with resilience.
I, therefore, advise that policymakers should 1) implement strategies to effectively address drought disasters, 2) increase learning activities and agricultural skill training for farmers, 3) publicize climate change knowledge, 4) diversify agricultural livelihoods, 5) afforest surrounding arable areas, 6) improve rural transportation conditions.Abstract i
List of Figures viii
List of Tables ix
Chapter 1. Introduction 1
1.1. Study Background 1
1.2. Research Objectives 4
1.3. Research Questions 5
1.4. Theoretical Framework 5
1.5. Research Structure 8
Chapter 2. Farmer Perception to Climate Change 9
2.1. Introduction 9
2.2. Materials and Methods 12
2.2.1. Study Details 12
2.2.2. Theoretical Framework 14
2.2.3. Research Site Description 17
2.2.4. Questionnaires of Farmers and Experts 18
2.2.5. Data Analysis 21
2.3. Results 22
2.3.1. Trends of Climate Change from 1981 to 2020 22
2.3.2. Characteristics of the Farmers Who Responded to the Survey 23
2.3.3. Accuracy of Farmers Perception of Climate Change 26
2.3.4. Perception of Meteorological Disasters 28
2.3.5. Factors Affecting Farmers Correct Perception of Climate Change 30
2.4. Discussion 38
2.4.1. Analysis of Farmers Perception of Climate Change 38
2.4.2. Analysis of Farmers Perception of Meteorological Disasters 39
2.4.3. Analysis of Factors Affecting Farmers Correct Perception of Climate Change 41
2.4.4. Significance and Limitation of the Research 44
2.5. Conclusions 45
Chapter 3. Farmer Livelihood Resilience to Climate Change 48
3.1. Introduction 48
3.2. Materials and Methods 53
3.2.1. Theoretical Background 53
3.2.2. Study Area 56
3.2.3 Questionnaire Surveys 58
3.2.3.1. Expert Survey 58
3.2.3.2. Farmer Survey 59
3.2.4. Questionnaire Analysis 61
3.2.4.1. Analytic Hierarchy Process for Expert Survey 61
3.2.4.2. Data Standardization and Weight of the Index for Farmer Survey 62
3.2.4.3. Comprehensive Index Method 63
3.2.4.4. Analysis of Factors Influencing Farmer Livelihood Resilience 65
3.3. Results 67
3.3.1. Relative Weight of Three Farmer Livelihood Resilience Dimensions Based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process for the Expert Survey 67
3.3.2. Sociodemographic Characteristics of Interviewed Farmers from Valid Farmer Survey Data 68
3.3.3. The Classification of Farmers Livelihoods Based on the Farmer Survey 69
3.3.4. Farmer Livelihood Resilience Index Weights from the Farmer Survey 69
3.3.5. Farmer Livelihood Resilience 70
3.3.5.1. Farmer Livelihood Resilience across Different Livelihood Types 70
3.3.5.2. Farmer Livelihood Resilience across Different Towns 78
3.3.6. Factors Influencing Farmer Livelihood Resilience to Climate Change 85
3.4. Discussion 87
3.4.1. Policy Implications 87
3.4.1.1. Livelihood Resilience Analysis Framework 87
3.4.1.2. Farmer Livelihood Resilience across Different Livelihood Types 89
3.4.1.3. Geographical Locations of Farmer Livelihood Resilience 89
3.4.2. Factors Influencing Farmer Livelihood Resilience 91
3.4.3. Limitations and Future Improvements 93
3.5. Conclusions 94
Chapter 4. Conclusions and Policy Suggestions 96
4.1. Conclusions 96
4.2. Policy Suggestions 97
Bibliography 100
Abstract in Korean 139박
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Estimating the Impacts of Urban Expansion on Landscape Ecology: Forestland Perspective in the Greater Seoul Metropolitan Area
No full textDispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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