1,720,976 research outputs found
The Effect of Stellate Ganglion Block in Patients with Breast Cancer Related Lymphedema
No full text학위논문 (석사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 의학과, 2012. 2. 김용철.서론: 유방암 림프부종(Breast cancer related lymphedema, BCRL)은 유방암 치료 후에 팔에 나타나는 부종으로써, 전체 수술 환자들 중 19-41%로 보고될 정도로 높은 빈도를 나타내며, 통증과 팔의 기능 저하를 야기한다. 성상 신경절 블록과 같은 교감 신경 블록은 해당 부위의 혈관의 이완을 유도하여 혈류의 증가 및 체액의 배출을 증가시킨다. 본 연구는 성상 신경절 블록을 시행하여 시술 전후의 상지의 팔 둘레 감소 효과, 통증 감소 효과, 환자의 만족도 향상에 대한 효과를 알아보고자 하였다.
대상 및 방법: BCRL의 기준은 부종이 있는 팔과 없는 팔의 동일한 5부위를 줄자를 이용하여 측정한 값이, 1부위 이상에서 2cm 이상 차이가 나는 경우로 하였다. 편측 유방절제술을 받은 총 27명의 환자를 대상으로 3일 간격으로 5회씩, 초음파 유도 하에 성상 신경적 블록을 시행 하였다. 시술 전후에 각각 부종감소의 지표로써 팔 둘레 길이, 임상지표로써 통증의 정도를 숫자통증등급(NRS)을 이용해 조사하였고, 주관적 만족도 평가를 위해 유방암 후 발생한 림프부종 설문조사(LBCQ)를 실시하였다. 한 개체에서 시술 전후에 차이가 있는지 알아보기 위해 통계학적 분석으로는 Wilcoxon Signed Rank test를 실시하였다.
결과: 성상 신경절 블록 전후 5부위의 팔 둘레 길이는 겨드랑이(p =0.002), 위팔(p =0.000), 팔꿈치(p =0.001), 아래팔(p =0.001), 손목(p =0.025) 모두 줄어들었으며, 통증도 감소하였고(p =0.001), 유방암 후 발생한 림프부종 설문조사의 수치도 감소하여(p =0.000) 모두 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다.
결론: BCRL 환자에서 성상 신경절 블록을 시행하여 팔 둘레 감소, 통증 감소, 만족도 향상의 긍정적인 결과를 얻었으므로, 추후 장기적인 효과 판정을 위한 연구가 필요하겠다.Background: Breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) affects approximately 19-41% of the patients who undergo breast cancer surgery and this condition generally worsen over time despite the conventional therapy. Stellate ganglion block (SGB) produces a sympathetic denervation to the head, neck and upper extremity, and thus can improve the blood flow and enhance the poor lymphatic drainage in those structures. We hypothesized that SGB would decrease the lymphedema and pain of the upper extremity and improve the quality of life of the patient.
Methods: The patients who had ipsilateral upper extremity lymphedema with a difference of 2 cm or more at any one measurement sites compared with the contralateral upper extremity were diagnosed as BCRL. The circumference was measured at five sites: the axilla, the upper arm, the elbow, the forearm, and the wrist. 27 patients were included. SGB was performed five times as three days intervals. Arm circumferences, pain intensity as assessed by the numerical rating scale (NRS) and lymphedema and breast cancer questionnaire (LBCQ) were recorded before and after SGB. The statistical analysis was performed with the Wilcoxon signed rank test.
Results: The arm circumferences after stellate ganglion block decreased in all sites (five measured sites, p <0.05). The NRS (p =0.001) and LBCQ (p =0.000) also decreased significantly.
Conclusion: SGB was effective for decreasing the pain and lymphedema and improving the quality of life in BCRL patients.Maste
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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