1,721,020 research outputs found
Dietetic practice: The past, present and future
No full textThe history of dietetics can be traced as far back as the writings of Homer, Plato and Hippocrates in ancient Greece. Although diet and nutrition continued to be judged important for health, dietetics did not progress much till the 19th century with the advances in chemistry. Early research focused focuses on vitamin deficiency diseases while later workers proposed daily requirements for protein, fat and carbohydrates. Dietetics as a profession was given a boost during the Second World War when its importance was recognized by the military. Today, professional dietetic associations can be found on every continent, and registered dietitians are involved in health promotion and treatment, and work alongside physicians. The growing need for dietetics professionals is driven by a growing public interest in nutrition and the potential of functional foods to prevent a variety of diet-related conditions.
Iron deficiency is an important contributor to anemia among reproductive age women in Lebanon
No full textThe objective of this study was to gain knowledge about anemia is it relates to program planning. No recent data exist on anemia [hemoglobin (Hb) 120g-L, plasma ferritin (PF) normal], Fe deficiency (ID) [PF 15 microg-L, Hb normal], or Fe deficiency anemia [Hb 120 g-L, PF 15 microg-L] in Lebanese women. A national survey of 540 nonpregnant women aged 15-49 years was conducted to find the prevalence and determinants of anemia and ID in Lebanon. Sociodemographic, health, and dietary data were collected. Hb and ferritin were assessed. Thirty-three percent of the subjects had ID and 13.5 per cent had Fe deficiency anemia. Eight percent were anemic (Hb 120 g-L) with PF values 15 microg-L. Women consuming 67 per cent of the RDA of hematinic nutrients had lower Hb and Fe levels. Strategies to improve Fe and anemia status are discussed. © 2004 Taylor and Francis.AMR A, 1986, DIRASAT, V13, P75; Angastiniotis M, 1998, ANN NY ACAD SCI, V850, P251, DOI 10.1111-j.1749-6632.1998.tb10482.x; Barr F, 1998, PUBLIC HEALTH NUTR, V1, P249, DOI 10.1079-PHN19980041; Byg KE, 2000, HEMATOL, V5, P319; *CENTR INT AG DEP, 2002, WORLD FACT BOOK; *DRI, 2002, DIET REF INT VIT A V; *ICNND, 1962, NUTR SURV REP LEB FE; JACKSON RT, 1992, NUTRITION, V8, P430; LOZOFF B, 1991, NEW ENGL J MED, V325, P687, DOI 10.1056-NEJM199109053251004; MILMAN N, 1992, ANN HEMATOL, V64, P22, DOI 10.1007-BF01811467; Milman N, 1998, ANN HEMATOL, V77, P13, DOI 10.1007-s002770050405; *N SQUAR COMP, 1993, NUTR 4 SILV OR N SQU; ROATH S, 1992, CURRENT VIEWS THALAS; *SAS I INC, 1998, VERS 7; Scholl TO, 1994, AM J CLIN NUTR S, V59, p500S; SCHOLL TO, 1994, AM J CLIN NUTR, V59, p492S; SLOAN NL, 1992, 7B MOTH CAR PROJ; Tadmouri GO, 1998, SAUDI MED J, V19, P237; TURNER AG, 1994, SAMPLE DESIGN SELECT; *UNICEF REG OFF MI, 1993, SIT AN IR DEF AN CHI; van den Broek NR, 1998, BRIT J HAEMATOL, V103, P817; Viteri FE, 1998, BIOMED ENVIRON SCI, V11, P46; *WHO, 1996, WHONUT177EG11961000; World Health Organization, 1992, WHOMCHMSM922; World Health Organization, 2001, WHONHD013; Zahed Laila, 2001, Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, V1, P129, DOI 10.1155-S111072430100029846
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Dietary exposure to essential and toxic trace elements from a Total diet study in an adult Lebanese urban population
No full textThis study assesses, by the Total diet study approach, the adequacy of micronutrient intake (Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Zn) and the dietary exposure of a Lebanese adult urban population to two toxic elements (Cd, Pb). The foods that made up the average 'total diet' were derived from a previous individual consumption survey. A total of 1215 individual foods were collected, prepared and cooked prior to analysis. Analytical quantification was performed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Average daily intakes of Co (11.4μg-day), Cu (1104.19μg-day), Fe (13.00. mg-day), Mn (2.04. mg-day), Ni (126.27μg-day) and Zn (10.97. mg-day) were below toxicological reference values and were found to satisfy nutritional recommendations, except for manganese in men and iron in women. Average dietary exposure to Pb and Cd represented 3.2percent and 21.7percent of the respective provisional tolerable weekly intakes. Estimates of dietary intakes of iron appeared to be inadequate for 63percent of adult women. These findings should constitute a current measure of assessing the adequacy and safety of foods consumed in Lebanon and may be a basis for future monitoring studies. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.Barnard C, 1997, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V203, P229, DOI 10.1016-S0048-9697(97)00151-4; BECKER W, 1991, BRIT J NUTR, V66, P151, DOI 10.1079-BJN19910021; BUCHET JP, 1983, FOOD CHEM TOXICOL, V21, P19, DOI 10.1016-0278-6915(83)90263-6; CHEN JS, 1993, J AOAC INT, V76, P1206; CUADRADO C, 1995, EUR J CLIN NUTR, V49, P767; Dabeka RW, 1995, J AOAC INT, V78, P897; Egan SK, 2002, FOOD ADDIT CONTAM, V19, P103, DOI 10.1080-02652030110071354; FAO= WHO, 2007, SUMM EV PERF JOINT F; FAO-WHO, 2006, JOINT M FAO PAN EXP, P1; FERNICOLA NAG, 1983, SEM LAT AM TOX AL, P79; GALALGORCHEV H, 1993, FOOD ADDIT CONTAM, V10, P115; GAO J, 2000, P WHO 3 INT WORKSH T; *GEMS FOOD EUR, 1995, EURICPEHAZ9412WS04 G; Goldhaber SB, 2003, REGUL TOXICOL PHARM, V38, P232, DOI 10.1016-S0273-2300(02)00020-X; Hwalla N, 2004, ECOL FOOD NUTR, V43, P77, DOI 10.1080-03670240490274101; Institute of Medicine Food and Nutrition Board, 2001, DIET REF INT PROP DE, P1; Iyengar GV, 2000, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V256, P215, DOI 10.1016-S0048-9697(00)00494-0; Iyengar GV, 2002, FOOD NUTR BULL, V23, P431; JALON M, 1997, VIGILANCIA CONTAMINA; *JECFA, 1993, WHO TECHN REP SER, V837, P1; *JECFA, 1987, WHO FOOD ADD SER, V21, P1; Kamada S., 1995, AIP Conference Proceedings; Kroes R, 2002, FOOD CHEM TOXICOL, V40, P327, DOI 10.1016-S0278-6915(01)00113-2; Leblanc JC, 2005, FOOD ADDIT CONTAM, V22, P624, DOI 10.1080-02652030500135367; Leblanc JC, 2005, FOOD ADDIT CONTAM, V22, P652, DOI 10.1080-02652030500159938; Lombardi-Boccia G, 2003, BRIT J NUTR, V90, P1117, DOI 10.1079-BJN2003997; Nasreddine L, 2006, FOOD ADDIT CONTAM, V23, P579, DOI 10.1080-02652030500529452; Nasreddine L, 2006, PUBLIC HEALTH NUTR, V9, P194, DOI 10.1079-PHN2005855; Renwick AG, 2008, EUR J NUTR, V47, P17, DOI 10.1007-s00394-007-0691-6; RENWICK AG, 2006, J NUTR, V136, P4935; Renwick AG, 2008, TOXICOL LETT, V180, P123, DOI 10.1016-j.toxlet.2008.05.009; Santos EE, 2004, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V327, P69, DOI 10.1016-j.scitotenv.2004.01.016; Sommerfeld G, 2004, P WHO 3 INT WORKSH T; Tsuda T, 1995, J AOAC INT, V78, P1363; Turconi G., 2008, BR J NUTR, V101, P1200; VANDOKKUM W, 1989, BRIT J NUTR, V61, P7, DOI 10.1079-BJN19890087; *WHO, 1999, JOINT USFDA WHO INT, P1; WHO, 1993, GUID DRINK WAT QUAL, P1; World Health Organisation: WHO, 1996, TRAC EL HUM NUTR HLT, P1; World Health Organization [WHO], 2004, WHO UNICEF JOINT STA, P1; World Health Organization (WHO), 1985, WHO OFFS PUBL, V87; Ysart G, 1999, FOOD ADDIT CONTAM, V16, P391, DOI 10.1080-026520399283876; Ysart G, 2000, FOOD ADDIT CONTAM, V17, P775, DOI 10.1080-02652030041532725302
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Adolescent obesity in Syria: prevalence and associated factors
No full textBackground: Data on the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Eastern Mediterranean countries remain scarce, particularly for children and adolescents. The objective of this study is to estimate the prevalence of obesity and examine associated factors and covariates amongst school adolescents in Syria. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of a representative sample of 776 adolescents (386 males and 390 females), aged 15-18 years, was conducted in six randomly chosen secondary schools in Damascus, the capital city of Syria. Anthropometric measurements and dietary assessment data were collected using standard methods and techniques. Overweight and obesity were defined according to World Health Organization 2007 child growth standards. Results: The prevalence rates of overweight and obesity were estimated at 18.9 and 8.6percent, respectively. Carbohydrate and saturated fatty acid intakes were significantly higher amongst overweight and obese (250.66 and 32.82 g-day, respectively) as compared with normal weight adolescents (218.12 and 26.10 g-day, respectively). Regression analysis showed that the likelihood of obesity was significantly greater amongst adolescent boys than girls (OR = 2.30, P 0.05) and amongst subjects reporting family history of obesity (OR = 2.98, P 0.05). The odds of obesity increased consistently with increasing educational attainment of both parents and was higher (OR = 1.63) amongst adolescents reporting lower crowding index than their counterparts. Conclusion: Our findings of a positive association between obesity and socio-economic status measured by parental education and crowding index call for intervention strategies for the promotion of healthy dietary practices not only amongst school adolescents but also parents, targeting families as the unit of intervention. Further studies are needed to examine nutritional habits and food choices amongst families of different socio-economic strata. © 2009 The Authors. 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